ask　them；　that　there　never　was　such　another　journey　since　the
  Greeks　marched　to　the　sea。　。　。　。
  〃The　fugitives　pressed　constantly　northward　undaunted；　while
  orders　were　flying　over　the　wires；　and　special　trains　were　carrying
  men　and　horses　to　cut　them　off　at　all　probable　points　on　the
  different　railway　lines　they　must　cross。　　Of　the　three　hundred
  Indians；　sixty　or　seventy　were　fighting　men　　the　rest　old　men；
  women；　and　children。　　An　army　officer　once　told　me　that　thirteen
  thousand　troops　were　hurrying　over　the　country　to　capture　or　kill
  these　few　poor　people　who　had　left　the　fever…stricken　South；　and　in
  the　face　of　every　obstacle　were　steadily　marching　northward。
  〃The　War　Department　set　all　its　resources　in　operation　against
  them；　yet　they　kept　on。　　If　troops　attacked　them；　they　stopped　and
  fought　until　they　had　driven　off　the　soldiers；　and　then　started
  north　again。　　Sometimes　they　did　not　even　stop；　but　marched　along；
  fighting　as　they　marched。　　For　the　most　part　they　tried　　and　with
  success　　to　avoid　conflicts；　and　had　but　four　real　hard　fights；
  in　which　they　lost　half　a　dozen　men　killed　and　about　as　many
  wounded。〃
  It　must　not　be　overlooked　that　the　appeal　to　justice　had　first
  been　tried　before　taking　this　desperate　step。　　Little　Wolf　had　gone
  to　the　agent　about　the　middle　of　the　summer　and　said　to　him：　〃This
  is　not　a　good　country　for　us；　and　we　wish　to　return　to　our　home　in
  the　mountains　where　we　were　always　well。　　If　you　have　not　the　power
  to　give　permission；　let　some　of　us　go　to　Washington　and　tell　them
  there　how　it　is；　or　do　you　write　to　Washington　and　get　permission
  for　us　to　go　back。〃
  〃Stay　one　more　year；〃　replied　the　agent；　〃and　then　we　will　see
  what　we　can　do　for　you。　　〃No；〃　said　Little　Wolf。　　〃Before　another
  year　there　will　be　none　left　to　travel　north。　　We　must　go　now。〃
  Soon　after　this　it　was　found　that　three　of　the　Indians　had
  disappeared　and　the　chief　was　ordered　to　surrender　ten　men　as
  hostages　for　their　return。　　He　refused。　　〃Three　men；〃　said　he；　〃who
  are　traveling　over　wild　country　can　hide　so　that　they　cannot　be
  found。　　You　would　never　get　back　these　three；　and　you　would　keep　my
  men　prisoners　always。〃
  The　agent　then　threatened　if　the　ten　men　were　not　given　up　to
  withhold　their　rations　and　starve　the　entire　tribe　into　submission。
  He　forgot　that　he　was　addressing　a　Cheyenne。　　These　people　had　not
  understood　that　they　were　prisoners　when　they　agreed　to　friendly
  relations　with　the　government　and　came　upon　the　reservation。
  Little　Wolf　stood　up　and　shook　hands　with　all　present　before　making
  his　final　deliberate　address。
  〃Listen；　my　friends；　I　am　a　friend　of　the　white　people　and
  have　been　so　for　a　long　time。　　I　do　not　want　to　see　blood　spilt
  about　this　agency。　　I　am　going　north　to　my　own　country。　　If　you　are
  going　to　send　your　soldiers　after　me；　I　wish　you　would　let　us　get
  a　little　distance　away。　　Then　if　you　want　to　fight；　I　will　fight
  you；　and　we　can　make　the　ground　bloody　at　that　place。〃
  The　Cheyenne　was　not　bluffing。　　He　said　just　what　he　meant；
  and　I　presume　the　agent　took　the　hint；　for　although　the　military
  were　there　they　did　not　undertake　to　prevent　the　Indians'
  departure。　　Next　morning　the　teepees　were　pulled　down　early　and
  quickly。　　Toward　evening　of　the　second　day；　the　scouts　signaled　the
  approach　of　troops。　　Little　Wolf　called　his　men　together　and
  advised　them　under　no　circumstances　to　fire　until　fired　upon。　　An
  Arapahoe　scout　was　sent　to　them　with　a　message。　　〃If　you　surrender
  now；　you　will　get　your　rations　and　be　well　treated。〃　　After　what
  they　had　endured；　it　was　impossible　not　to　hear　such　a　promise　with
  contempt。　　Said　Little　Wolf：　〃We　are　going　back　to　our　own　country。
  We　do　not　want　to　fight。〃　　He　was　riding　still　nearer　when　the
  soldiers　fired；　and　at　a　signal　the　Cheyennes　made　a　charge。　　They
  succeeded　in　holding　off　the　troops　for　two　days；　with　only　five
  men　wounded　and　none　killed；　and　when　the　military　retreated　the
  Indians　continued　northward　carrying　their　wounded。
  This　sort　of　thing　was　repeated　again　and　again。　　Meanwhile
  Little　Wolf　held　his　men　under　perfect　control。　　There　were
  practically　no　depredations。　　They　secured　some　boxes　of　ammunition
  left　behind　by　retreating　troops；　and　at　one　point　the　young　men
  were　eager　to　follow　and　destroy　an　entire　command　who　were
  apparently　at　their　mercy；　but　their　leader　withheld　them。　　They
  had　now　reached　the　buffalo　country；　and　he　always　kept　his　main
  object　in　sight。　　He　was　extraordinarily　calm。　　Doctor　Grinnell　was
  told　by　one　of　his　men　years　afterward：　〃Little　Wolf　did　not　seem
  like　a　human　being。　　He　seemed　like　a　bear。〃　　It　is　true　that　a　man
  of　his　type　in　a　crisis　becomes　spiritually　transformed　and　moves
  as　one　in　a　dream。
  At　the　Running　Water　the　band　divided；　Dull　Knife　going　toward
  Red　Cloud　agency。　　He　was　near　Fort　Robinson　when　he　surrendered
  and　met　his　sad　fate。　　Little　Wolf　remained　all　winter　in　the　Sand
  Hills；　where　there　was　plenty　of　game　and　no　white　men。　　Later　he
  went　to　Montana　and　then　to　Pine　Ridge；　where　he　and　his　people
  remained　in　peace　until　they　were　removed　to　Lame　Deer；　Montana；
  and　there　he　spent　the　remainder　of　his　days。　　There　is　a　clear　sky
  beyond　the　clouds　of　racial　prejudice；　and　in　that　final　Court　of
  Honor　a　noble　soul　like　that　of　Little　Wolf　has　a　place。
  HOLE…IN…THE…DAY
  ＇I　wish　to　thank　Reverend　C。　H。　Beaulieu　of　Le　Soeur；
  Minnesota；　for　much　of　the　material　used　in　this　chapter。＇
  In　the　beginning　of　the　nineteenth　century；　the　Indian　nations　of
  the　Northwest　first　experienced　the　pressure　of　civilization。　　At
  this　period　there　were　among　them　some　brilliant　leaders　unknown　to
  history；　for　the　curious　reason　that　they　cordially　received　and
  welcomed　the　newcomers　rather　than　opposed　them。　　The　only
  difficulties　were　those　arising　among　the　European　nations
  themselves；　and　often　involving　the　native　tribes。　　Thus　new
  environments　brought　new　motives；　and　our　temptations　were
  increased　manyfold　with　the　new　weapons；　new　goods；　and　above　all
  the　subtly　destructive　〃spirit　water。〃
  Gradually　it　became　known　that　the　new　race　had　a　definite
  purpose；　and　that　purpose　was　to　chart　and　possess　the　whole
  country；　regardless　of　the　rights　of　its　earlier　inhabitants。　Still
  the　old　chiefs　cautioned　their　people　to　be　patient；　for；　said
  they；　the　land　is　vast；　both　races　can　live　on　it；　each　in　their
  own　way。　　Let　us　therefore　befriend　them　and　trust　to　their
  friendship。　　While　they　reasoned　thus；　the　temptations　of　graft　and
  self…aggrandizement　overtook　some　of　the　leaders。
  Hole…in…the…Day　（or　Bug…o…nay…ki…shig）　was　born　in　the　opening
  days　of　this　era。　　The　word　〃ki…shig〃　means　either　〃day〃　or　〃sky〃；
  and　the　name　is　perhaps　more　correctly　translated　Hole…in…the…Sky。
  This　gifted　man　inherited　his　name　and　much　of　his　ability　from　his
  father；　who　was　a　war　chief　among　the　Ojibways；　a　Napoleon　of　the
  common　people；　and　who　carried　on　a　relentless　warfare　against　the
  Sioux。　　And　yet；　as　was　our　custom　at　the　time；　peaceful　meetings
  were　held　every　summer；　at　which　representatives　of　the　two　tribes
  would　recount　to　one　another　all　the　events　that　had　come　to　pass
  during　the　preceding　year。
  Hole…in…the…Day　the　younger　was　a　handsome　man；　tall　and
  symmetrically　formed；　with　much　grace　of　manner　and　natural
  refinement。　　He　was　an　astute　student　of　diplomacy。　　The　Ojibways
  allowed　polygamy；　and　whether　or　not　he　approved　the　principle；　he
  made　political　use　of　it　by　marrying　the　daughter　of　a　chief　in
  nearly　every　band。　　Through　these　alliances　he　held　a　controlling
  influence　over　the　whole　Ojibway　nation。　　Reverend　Claude　H。
  Beaulieu　says　of　him：
  〃Hole…in…the…Day　was　a　man　of　distinguished　appearance　and
  native　courtliness　of　manner。　　His　voice　was　musical　and　magnetic；
  and　with　these　qualities　he　had　a　subtle　brain；　a　logical　mind；　and
  quite　a　remarkable　gift　of　oratory。　　In　speech　he　was　not
  impassioned；　but　clear　and　convincing；　and　held　fast　the　attention
  of　his　hearers。〃
  It　is　of　interest　to　note　that　his　everyday　name　among　his
  tribesmen　was　〃The　Boy。〃　　What　a　boy　he　must　have　been！　　I　wonder
  if　the　name　had　the　same　significance　as　with　the　Sioux；　who
  applied　it　to　any　man　who　performs　a　difficult　duty　with　alertness；
  dash；　and　natural　courage。　　〃The　Man〃　applies　to　one　who　adds　to
  these　qualities　wisdom　and　maturity　of　judgment。
  The　Sioux　tell　many　stories　of　both　the　elder　and　the　younger
  Hole…in…the…Day。　　Once　when　The　Boy　was　still　under　ten　years　of
  age；　he　was　fishing　on　Gull　Lake　in　a　leaky　birch…bark　canoe。
  Presently　there　came　such　a　burst　of　frantic　warwhoops　that　his
  father　was　startled。　　He　could　not　think　of　anything　but　an　attack
  by　the　dreaded　Sioux。　　Seizing　his　weapons；　he　ran　to　the　rescue　of
  his　son；　only　to　find　that　the　little　fellow　had　caught　a　fish　so
  large　that　it　was　pulling　his　c