where　the　cliff　fell　off　in　a　sheer　descent；　and　with　our　backs
  toward　the　more　gradual　slope　dotted　with　scrub　pines　and　cedars。
  We　stuck　some　tall　grass　on　our　heads　and　proceeded　to　study　the
  landscape　spread　before　us　for　any　sign　of　man。
  〃The　sweeping　valleys　were　dotted　with　herds；　both　large　and
  small；　of　buffalo　and　elk；　and　now　and　then　we　caught　a　glimpse　of
  a　coyote　slinking　into　the　gulches；　returning　from　night　hunting　to
  sleep。　　While　intently　watching　some　moving　body　at　a　distance；　we
  could　not　yet　tell　whether　of　men　or　animals；　I　heard　a　faint　noise
  behind　me　and　slowly　turned　my　head。　　Behold！　a　grizzly　bear
  sneaking　up　on　all　fours　and　almost　ready　to　spring！
  〃'Run！'　I　yelled　into　the　ear　of　my　companion；　and　we　both
  leaped　to　our　feet　in　a　second。　　'Separate！　separate！'　he　shouted；
  and　as　we　did　so；　the　bear　chose　me　for　his　meat。　　I　ran　downhill
  as　fast　as　I　could；　but　he　was　gaining。　　'Dodge　around　a　tree！'
  screamed　Young…Man…Afraid。　　I　took　a　deep　breath　and　made　a　last
  spurt；　desperately　circling　the　first　tree　I　came　to。　　As　the
  ground　was　steep　just　there；　I　turned　a　somersault　one　way　and　the
  bear　the　other。　　I　picked　myself　up　in　time　to　climb　the　tree；　and
  was　fairly　out　of　reach　when　he　gathered　himself　together　and　came
  at　me　more　furiously　than　ever；　holding　in　one　paw　the　shreds　of　my
  breechcloth；　for　in　the　fall　he　had　just　scratched　my　back　and　cut
  my　belt　in　two；　and　carried　off　my　only　garment　for　a　trophy！
  〃My　friend　was　well　up　another　tree　and　laughing　heartily　at
  my　predicament；　and　when　the　bear　saw　that　he　could　not　get　at
  either　of　us　he　reluctantly　departed；　after　I　had　politely
  addressed　him　and　promised　to　make　an　offering　to　his　spirit　on　my
  safe　return。　　I　don't　think　I　ever　had　a　narrower　escape；〃　he
  concluded。
  During　the　troublous　times　from　1865　to　1877；　American　Horse
  advocated　yielding　to　the　government　at　any　cost；　being　no　doubt
  convinced　of　the　uselessness　of　resistance。　　He　was　not　a
  recognized　leader　until　1876；　when　he　took　the　name　and　place　of
  his　uncle。　　Up　to　this　time　he　bore　the　nickname　of　Manishnee　（Can
  not　walk；　or　Played　out。）
  When　the　greater　part　of　the　Ogallalas；　to　which　band　he
  belonged；　came　into　the　reservation；　he　at　once　allied　himself　with
  the　peace　element　at　the　Red　Cloud　agency；　near　Fort　Robinson；
  Nebraska；　and　took　no　small　part　in　keeping　the　young　braves　quiet。
  Since　the　older　and　better…known　chiefs；　with　the　exception　of
  Spotted　Tail；　were　believed　to　be　hostile　at　heart；　the　military
  made　much　use　of　him。　　Many　of　his　young　men　enlisted　as　scouts　by
  his　advice；　and　even　he　himself　entered　the　service。
  In　the　early　part　of　the　year　1876；　there　was　a　rumor　that
  certain　bands　were　in　danger　of　breaking　away。　　Their　leader　was
  one　Sioux　Jim；　so　nicknamed　by　the　soldiers。　　American　Horse　went
  to　him　as　peacemaker；　but　was　told　he　was　a　woman　and　no　brave。　　He
  returned　to　his　own　camp　and　told　his　men　that　Sioux　Jim　meant
  mischief；　and　in　order　to　prevent　another　calamity　to　the　tribe；　he
  must　be　chastised。　　He　again　approached　the　warlike　Jim　with
  several　warriors　at　his　back。　　The　recalcitrant　came　out；　gun　in
  hand；　but　the　wily　chief　was　too　quick　for　him。　　He　shot　and
  wounded　the　rebel；　whereupon　one　of　his　men　came　forward　and　killed
  him。
  This　quelled　the　people　for　the　time　being　and　up　to　the
  killing　of　Crazy　Horse。　　In　the　crisis　precipitated　by　this　event；
  American　Horse　was　again　influential　and　energetic　in　the　cause　of
  the　government。　　From　this　time　on　he　became　an　active　participant
  in　the　affairs　of　the　Teton　Sioux。　　He　was　noted　for　his　eloquence；
  which　was　nearly　always　conciliatory；　yet　he　could　say　very　sharp
  things　of　the　duplicity　of　the　whites。　　He　had　much　ease　of　manner
  and　was　a　master　of　repartee。　　I　recall　his　saying　that　if　you　have
  got　to　wear　golden　slippers　to　enter　the　white　man's　heaven　no
  Indian　will　ever　get　there；　as　the　whites　have　got　the　Black　Hills
  and　with　them　all　the　gold。
  It　was　during　the　last　struggle　of　his　people；　at　the　time　of
  the　Messiah　craze　in　1890…1891　that　he　demonstrated　as　never　before
  the　real　greatness　of　the　man。　　While　many　of　his　friends　were
  carried　away　by　the　new　thought；　he　held　aloof　from　it　and
  cautioned　his　band　to　do　the　same。　　When　it　developed　into　an
  extensive　upheaval　among　the　nations　he　took　his　positive　stand
  against　it。
  Presently　all　Indians　who　did　not　dance　the　Ghost　Dance　were
  ordered　to　come　into　camp　at　Pine　Ridge　agency。　　American　Horse　was
  the　first　to　bring　in　his　people。　　I　was　there　at　the　time　and
  talked　with　him　daily。　　When　Little　was　arrested；　it　had　been
  agreed　among　the　disaffected　to　have　him　resist；　which　meant　that
  he　would　be　roughly　handled。　　This　was　to　be　their　excuse　to　attack
  the　Indian　police；　which　would　probably　lead　to　a　general　massacre
  or　outbreak。　　I　know　that　this　desperate　move　was　opposed　from　the
  beginning　by　American　Horse；　and　it　was　believed　that　his　life　was
  threatened。
  On　the　day　of　the　〃Big　Issue〃；　when　thousands　of　Indians　were
  gathered　at　the　agency；　this　man　Little；　who　had　been　in　hiding；
  walked　boldly　among　them。　　Of　course　the　police　would　arrest　him　at
  sight；　and　he　was　led　toward　the　guardhouse。　　He　struggled　with
  them；　but　was　overpowered。　　A　crowd　of　warriors　rushed　to　his
  rescue；　and　there　was　confusion　and　a　general　shout　of　〃Hurry　up
  with　them！　　Kill　them　all！〃　　I　saw　American　Horse　walk　out　of　the
  agent's　office　and　calmly　face　the　excited　mob。
  〃What　are　you　going　to　do？〃　he　asked。　　〃Stop；　men；　stop　and
  think　before　you　act！　　Will　you　murder　your　children；　your　women；
  yes；　destroy　your　nation　to…day？〃　　He　stood　before　them　like　a
  statue　and　the　men　who　held　the　two　policemen　helpless　paused　for
  an　instant。　　He　went　on：　〃You　　are　brave　to…day　because　you
  outnumber　the　white　men；　but　what　will　you　do　to…morrow？　　There　are
  railroads　on　all　sides　of　you。　　The　soldiers　will　pour　in　from
  every　direction　by　thousands　and　surround　you。　　You　have　little
  food　or　ammunition。　　It　will　be　the　end　of　your　people。　　Stop；　I
  say；　stop　now！〃
  Jack　Red　Cloud；　son　of　the　old　chief　rushed　up　to　him　and
  thrust　a　revolver　almost　in　his　face。　　〃It　is　you　and　men　like
  you；〃　he　shouted；　〃who　have　reduced　our　race　to　slavery　and
  starvation！〃　　American　Horse　did　not　flinch　but　deliberately
  reentered　the　office；　followed　by　Jack　still　flourishing　the
  pistol。　　But　his　timely　appearance　and　eloquence　had　saved　the　day。
  Others　of　the　police　force　had　time　to　reach　the　spot；　and　with　a
  large　crowd　of　friendly　Indians　had　taken　command　of　the　situation。
  When　I　went　into　the　office　I　found　him　alone　but　apparently
  quite　calm。　　〃Where　are　the　agent　and　the　clerks？〃　I　asked。　　〃They
  fled　by　the　back　door；〃　he　replied；　smiling。　　〃I　think　they　are　in
  the　cellar。　　These　fools　outside　had　almost　caught　us　asleep；　but
  I　think　it　is　over　now。〃
  American　Horse　was　one　of　the　earliest　advocates　of　education
  for　the　Indian；　and　his　son　Samuel　and　nephew　Robert　were　among　the
  first　students　at　Carlisle。　　I　think　one　or　two　of　his　daughters
  were　the　handsomest　Indian　girls　of　full　blood　that　I　ever　saw。
  His　record　as　a　councilor　of　his　people　and　his　policy　in　the　new
  situation　that　confronted　them　was　manly　and　consistent。
  DULL　KNIFE
  The　life　of　Dull　Knife；　the　Cheyenne；　is　a　true　hero　tale。　　Simple；
  child…like　yet　manful；　and　devoid　of　selfish　aims；　or　love　of　gain；
  he　is　a　pattern　for　heroes　of　any　race。
  Dull　Knife　was　a　chief　of　the　old　school。　　Among　all　the
  Indians　of　the　plains；　nothing　counts　save　proven　worth。　　A　man's
  caliber　is　measured　by　his　courage；　unselfishness　and　intelligence。
  Many　writers　confuse　history　with　fiction；　but　in　Indian　history
  their　women　and　old　men　and　even　children　witness　the　main　events；
  and　not　being　absorbed　in　daily　papers　and　magazines；　these　events
  are　rehearsed　over　and　over　with　few　variations。　　Though　orally
  preserved；　their　accounts　are　therefore　accurate。　　But　they　have
  seldom　been　willing　to　give　reliable　information　to　strangers；
  especially　when　asked　and　paid　for。
  Racial　prejudice　naturally　enters　into　the　account　of　a　man's
  life　by　enemy　writers；　while　one　is　likely　to　favor　his　own　race。
  I　am　conscious　that　many　readers　may　think　that　I　have　idealized
  the　Indian。　　Therefore　I　will　confess　now　that　we　have　too　many
  weak　and　unprincipled　men　among　us。　　When　I　speak　of　the　Indian
  hero；　I　do　not　forget　the　mongrel　in　spirit；　false　to　the　ideals　of
  his　people。　　Our　trustfulness　has　been　our　weakness；　and　when　the
  vices　of　civilization　were　added　to　our　own；　we　fell　heavily。
  It　is　said　that　Dull　Knife　as　a　boy　was　resourceful　and
  self…reliant。　　He　was　only　nine　years　old　when　his　family　was
  separated　from　the　rest　of　the　tribe　while　on　a　buffalo　hunt。　　His
  father　was　away　and　his　mother　busy；　and　he　was　pl