immediately　after　a　daring　attack　upon　his　wagon　train。
  〃I　want　to　know　what　you　are　doing；　traveling　on　this　road。
  You　scare　all　the　buffalo　away。　　I　want　to　hunt　in　this　place。　　I
  want　you　to　turn　back　from　here。　　If　you　don't；　I　will　fight　you
  again。　　I　want　you　to　leave　what　you　have　got　here　and　turn　back
  from　here。
  I　am　your　friend
  Sitting　Bull。
  I　mean　all　the　rations　you　have　got　and　some　powder。　　Wish　you
  would　write　me　as　soon　as　you　can。〃
  Otis；　however；　kept　on　and　joined　Colonel　Miles；　who　followed
  Sitting　Bull　with　about　four　hundred　soldiers。　　He　overtook　him　at
  last　on　Cedar　Creek；　near　the　Yellowstone；　and　the　two　met　midway
  between　the　lines　for　a　parley。　　The　army　report　says：　〃Sitting
  Bull　wanted　peace　in　his　own　way。〃　　The　truth　was　that　he　wanted
  nothing　more　than　had　been　guaranteed　to　them　by　the　treaty　of　1868
  the　exclusive　possession　of　their　last　hunting　ground。　　This　the
  government　was　not　now　prepared　to　grant；　as　it　had　been　decided　to
  place　all　the　Indians　under　military　control　upon　the　various
  reservations。
  Since　it　was　impossible　to　reconcile　two　such　conflicting
  demands；　the　hostiles　were　driven　about　from　pillar　to　post　for
  several　more　years；　and　finally　took　refuge　across　the　line　in
  Canada；　where　Sitting　Bull　had　placed　his　last　hope　of　justice　and
  freedom　for　his　race。　　Here　he　was　joined　from　time　to　time　by
  parties　of　malcontents　from　the　reservation；　driven　largely　by
  starvation　and　ill…treatment　to　seek　another　home。　　Here；　too；　they
  were　followed　by　United　States　commissioners；　headed　by　General
  Terry；　who　endeavored　to　persuade　him　to　return；　promising
  abundance　of　food　and　fair　treatment；　despite　the　fact　that　the
  exiles　were　well　aware　of　the　miserable　condition　of　the　〃good
  Indians〃　upon　the　reservations。　　He　first　refused　to　meet　them　at
  all；　and　only　did　so　when　advised　to　that　effect　by　Major　Walsh　of
  the　Canadian　mounted　police。　　This　was　his　characteristic　remark：
  〃If　you　have　one　honest　man　in　Washington；　send　him　here　and　I　will
  talk　to　him。〃
  Sitting　Bull　was　not　moved　by　fair　words；　but　when　he　found
  that　if　they　had　liberty　on　that　side；　they　had　little　else；　that
  the　Canadian　government　would　give　them　protection　but　no　food；
  that　the　buffalo　had　been　all　but　exterminated　and　his　starving
  people　were　already　beginning　to　desert　him；　he　was　compelled　at
  last；　in　1881；　to　report　at　Fort　Buford；　North　Dakota；　with　his
  band　of　hungry；　homeless；　and　discouraged　refugees。　　It　was；　after
  all；　to　hunger　and　not　to　the　strong　arm　of　the　military　that　he
  surrendered　in　the　end。
  In　spite　of　the　invitation　that　had　been　extended　to　him　in
  the　name　of　the　〃Great　Father〃　at　Washington；　he　was　immediately
  thrown　into　a　military　prison；　and　afterward　handed　over　to　Colonel
  Cody　（〃Buffalo　Bill〃）　as　an　advertisement　for　his　〃Wild　West　Show。〃
  After　traveling　about　for　several　years　with　the　famous　showman；
  thus　increasing　his　knowledge　of　the　weaknesses　as　well　as　the
  strength　of　the　white　man；　the　deposed　and　humiliated　chief　settled
  down　quietly　with　his　people　upon　the　Standing　Rock　agency　in　North
  Dakota；　where　his　immediate　band　occupied　the　Grand　River　district
  and　set　to　raising　cattle　and　horses。　　They　made　good　progress；
  much　better；　in　fact；　than　that　of　the　〃coffee…coolers〃　or　〃loafer〃
  Indians；　received　the　missionaries　kindly　and　were　soon　a
  church…going　people。
  When　the　Commissions　of　1888　and　1889　came　to　treat　with　the
  Sioux　for　a　further　cession　of　land　and　a　reduction　of　their
  reservations；　nearly　all　were　opposed　to　consent　on　any　terms。
  Nevertheless；　by　hook　or　by　crook；　enough　signatures　were　finally
  obtained　to　carry　the　measure　through；　although　it　is　said　that
  many　were　those　of　women　and　the　so…called　〃squaw…men〃；　who　had　no
  rights　in　the　land。　　At　the　same　time；　rations　were　cut　down；　and
  there　was　general　hardship　and　dissatisfaction。　　Crazy　Horse　was
  long　since　dead；　Spotted　Tail　had　fallen　at　the　hands　of　one　of　his
  own　tribe；　Red　Cloud　had　become　a　feeble　old　man；　and　the
  disaffected　among　the　Sioux　began　once　more　to　look　to　Sitting　Bull
  for　leadership。
  At　this　crisis　a　strange　thing　happened。　　A　half…breed　Indian
  in　Nevada　promulgated　the　news　that　the　Messiah　had　appeared　to　him
  upon　a　peak　in　the　Rockies；　dressed　in　rabbit　skins；　and　bringing
  a　message　to　the　red　race。　　The　message　was　to　the　effect　that
  since　his　first　coming　had　been　in　vain；　since　the　white　people　had
  doubted　and　reviled　him；　had　nailed　him　to　the　cross；　and　trampled
  upon　his　doctrines；　he　had　come　again　in　pity　to　save　the　Indian。
  He　declared　that　he　would　cause　the　earth　to　shake　and　to　overthrow
  the　cities　of　the　whites　and　destroy　them；　that　the　buffalo　would
  return；　and　the　land　belong　to　the　red　race　forever！　　These　events
  were　to　come　to　pass　within　two　years；　and　meanwhile　they　were　to
  prepare　for　his　coming　by　the　ceremonies　and　dances　which　he
  commanded。
  This　curious　story　spread　like　wildfire　and　met　with　eager
  acceptance　among　the　suffering　and　discontented　people。　　The
  teachings　of　Christian　missionaries　had　prepared　them　to　believe　in
  a　Messiah；　and　the　prescribed　ceremonial　was　much　more　in　accord
  with　their　traditions　than　the　conventional　worship　of　the
  churches。　　Chiefs　of　many　tribes　sent　delegations　to　the　Indian
  prophet；　Short　Bull；　Kicking　Bear；　and　others　went　from　among　the
  Sioux；　and　on　their　return　all　inaugurated　the　dances　at　once。
  There　was　an　attempt　at　first　to　keep　the　matter　secret；　but　it
  soon　became　generally　known　and　seriously　disconcerted　the　Indian
  agents　and　others；　who　were　quick　to　suspect　a　hostile　conspiracy
  under　all　this　religious　enthusiasm。　　As　a　matter　of　fact；　there
  was　no　thought　of　an　uprising；　the　dancing　was　innocent　enough；　and
  pathetic　enough　their　despairing　hope　in　a　pitiful　Saviour　who
  should　overwhelm　their　oppressors　and　bring　back　their　golden　age。
  When　the　Indians　refused　to　give　up　the　〃Ghost　Dance〃　at　the
  bidding　of　the　authorities；　the　growing　suspicion　and　alarm　focused
  upon　Sitting　Bull；　who　in　spirit　had　never　been　any　too　submissive；
  and　it　was　determined　to　order　his　arrest。　　At　the　special　request
  of　Major　McLaughlin；　agent　at　Standing　Rock；　forty　of　his　Indian
  police　were　sent　out　to　Sitting　Bull's　home　on　Grand　River　to
  secure　his　person　（followed　at　some　little　distance　by　a　body　of
  United　States　troops　for　reinforcement；　in　case　of　trouble）。　　These
  police　are　enlisted　from　among　the　tribesmen　at　each　agency；　and
  have　proved　uniformly　brave　and　faithful。　　They　entered　the　cabin
  at　daybreak；　aroused　the　chief　from　a　sound　slumber；　helped　him　to
  dress；　and　led　him　unresisting　from　the　house；　but　when　he　came　out
  in　the　gray　dawn　of　that　December　morning　in　1890；　to　find　his
  cabin　surrounded　by　armed　men　and　himself　led　away　to　he　knew　not
  what　fate；　he　cried　out　loudly：
  〃They　have　taken　me：　what　say　you　to　it？〃
  Men　poured　out　of　the　neighboring　houses；　and　in　a　few　minutes
  the　police　were　themselves　surrounded　with　an　excited　and　rapidly
  increasing　throng。　　They　harangued　the　crowd　in　vain；　Sitting
  Bull's　blood　was　up；　and　he　again　appealed　to　his　men。　　His　adopted
  brother；　the　Assiniboine　captive　whose　life　he　had　saved　so　many
  years　before；　was　the　first　to　fire。　　His　shot　killed　Lieutenant
  Bull　Head；　who　held　Sitting　Bull　by　the　arm。　　Then　there　was　a
  short　but　sharp　conflict；　in　which　Sitting　Bull　and　six　of　his
  defenders　and　six　of　the　Indian　police　were　slain；　with　many　more
  wounded。　　The　chief's　young　son；　Crow　Foot；　and　his　devoted
  〃brother〃　died　with　him。　　When　all　was　over；　and　the　terrified
  people　had　fled　precipitately　across　the　river；　the　soldiers
  appeared　upon　the　brow　of　the　long　hill　and　fired　their　Hotchkiss
  guns　into　the　deserted　camp。
  Thus　ended　the　life　of　a　natural　strategist　of　no　mean　courage
  and　ability。　　The　great　chief　was　buried　without　honors　outside　the
  cemetery　at　the　post；　and　for　some　years　the　grave　was　marked　by　a
  mere　board　at　its　head。　　Recently　some　women　have　built　a　cairn　of
  rocks　there　in　token　of　respect　and　remembrance。
  RAIN…IN…THE…FACE
  The　noted　Sioux　warrior；　Rain…in…the…Face；　whose　name　once　carried
  terror　to　every　part　of　the　frontier；　died　at　his　home　on　the
  Standing　Rock　reserve　in　North　Dakota　on　September　14；　1905。　　About
  two　months　before　his　death　I　went　to　see　him　for　the　last　time；
  where　he　lay　upon　the　bed　of　sickness　from　which　he　never　rose
  again；　and　drew　from　him　his　life…history。
  It　had　been　my　experience　that　you　cannot　induce　an　Indian　to
  tell　a　story；　or　even　his　own　name；　by　asking　him　directly。
  〃Friend；〃　I　said；　〃even　if　a　man　is　on　a　hot　trail；　he　stops
  for　a　smoke！　　In　the　good　old　days；　before　the　charge　there　was　a
  smoke。　　At　home；　by　the　fireside；　when　the　old　men　were　asked　to
  tell　their　brave　deeds；　aga