supremacy　he　recognized　as　certain。　　The　decision　to　attack　Fort
  Phil　Kearny　was　unanimous　without　him；　and　in　order　to　hold　his
  position　among　his　tribesmen　he　joined　in　the　charge。　　Several
  bullets　passed　through　his　war　bonnet；　and　he　was　slightly　wounded。
  When　the　commission　of　1867…1868　was　sent　out　to　negotiate
  with　the　Sioux；　Spotted　Tail　was　ready　to　meet　them；　and　eager　to
  obtain　for　his　people　the　very　best　terms　that　he　could。　　He　often
  puzzled　and　embarrassed　them　by　his　remarkable　speeches；　the
  pointed　questions　that　he　put；　and　his　telling　allusions　to　former
  negotiations。　　Meanwhile　Red　Cloud　would　not　come　into　the　council
  until　after　several　deputations　of　Indians　had　been　sent　to　him；
  and　Sitting　Bull　did　not　come　at　all。
  The　famous　treaty　was　signed；　and　from　this　time　on　Spotted
  Tail　never　again　took　up　arms　against　the　whites。　　On　the　contrary；
  it　was　mainly　attributed　to　his　influence　that　the　hostiles　were
  subdued　much　sooner　than　might　have　been　expected。　　He　came　into
  the　reservation　with　his　band；　urged　his　young　men　to　enlist　as
  government　scouts；　and　assisted　materially　in　all　negotiations。
  The　hostile　chiefs　no　longer　influenced　his　action；　and　as　soon　as
  they　had　all　been　brought　under　military　control；　General　Crook
  named　Spotted　Tail　head　chief　of　the　Sioux；　thus　humiliating　Red
  Cloud　and　arousing　jealousy　and　ill…feeling　among　the　Ogallalas。
  In　order　to　avoid　trouble；　he　prudently　separated　himself　from　the
  other　bands；　and　moved　to　the　new　agency　on　Beaver　Creek　（Fort
  Sheridan；　Nebraska）；　which　was　called　〃Spotted　Tail　Agency。〃
  Just　before　the　daring　war　leader；　Crazy　Horse；　surrendered　to
  the　military；　he　went　down　to　the　agency　and　roundly　rebuked
  Spotted　Tail　for　signing　away　the　freedom　of　his　people。　　From　the
  point　of　view　of　the　irreconcilables；　the　diplomatic　chief　was　a
  〃trimmer〃　and　a　traitor；　and　many　of　the　Sioux　have　tried　to
  implicate　him　in　the　conspiracy　against　Crazy　Horse　which　led　to
  his　assassination；　but　I　hold　that　the　facts　do　not　bear　out　this
  charge。
  The　name　of　Spotted　Tail　was　prominently　before　the　people
  during　the　rest　of　his　life。　　An　obscure　orphan；　he　had　achieved
  distinction　by　his　bravery　and　sagacity；　but　he　copied　the　white
  politician　too　closely　after　he　entered　the　reservation。　　He　became
  a　good　manipulator；　and　was　made　conceited　and　overbearing　by　the
  attentions　of　the　military　and　of　the　general　public。　　Furthermore；
  there　was　an　old　feud　in　his　immediate　band　which　affected　him
  closely。　　Against　him　for　many　years　were　the　followers　of　Big
  Mouth；　whom　he　had　killed　in　a　duel；　and　also　a　party　led　by　a　son
  and　a　nephew　of　the　old　chief；　Conquering　Bear；　whom　Spotted　Tail
  had　succeeded　at　his　death。　　These　two　men　had　hoped　that　one　or
  the　other　of　them　might　obtain　the　succession。
  Crow　Dog；　the　nephew　of　Conquering　Bear；　more　than　once
  taunted　Spotted　Tail　with　the　fact　that　he　was　chief　not　by　the
  will　of　the　tribe；　but　by　the　help　of　the　white　soldiers；　and　told
  him　that　he　would　〃keep　a　bullet　for　him〃　in　case　he　ever　disgraced
  his　high　position。　　Thus　retribution　lay　in　wait　for　him　while　at
  the　height　of　his　fame。　　Several　high…handed　actions　of　his　at　this
  time；　including　his　elopement　with　another　man's　wife；　increased
  his　unpopularity　with　a　large　element　of　his　own　tribe。　　On　the　eve
  of　the　chief's　departure　for　Washington；　to　negotiate　（or　so　they
  suspected）　for　the　sale　of　more　of　their　land；　Crow　Dog　took　up　his
  gun　and　fulfilled　his　threat；　regarding　himself；　and　regarded　by
  his　supporters；　not　as　a　murderer；　but　as　an　executioner。
  Such　was　the　end　of　the　man　who　may　justly　be　called　the
  Pontiac　of　the　west。　　He　possessed　a　remarkable　mind　and
  extraordinary　foresight　for　an　untutored　savage；　and　yet　he　is　the
  only　one　of　our　great　men　to　be　remembered　with　more　honor　by　the
  white　man；　perhaps；　than　by　his　own　people。
  LITTLE　CROW
  Chief　Little　Crow　was　the　eldest　son　of　Cetanwakuwa　（Charging
  Hawk）。　　It　was　on　account　of　his　father's　name；　mistranslated　Crow；
  that　he　was　called　by　the　whites　〃Little　Crow。〃　　His　real　name　was
  Taoyateduta；　His　Red　People。
  As　far　back　as　Minnesota　history　goes；　a　band　of　the　Sioux
  called　Kaposia　（Light　Weight；　because　they　were　said　to　travel
  light）　inhabited　the　Mille　Lacs　region。　　Later　they　dwelt　about　St。
  Croix　Falls；　and　still　later　near　St。　Paul。　　In　1840；　Cetanwakuwa
  was　still　living　in　what　is　now　West　St。　Paul；　but　he　was　soon
  after　killed　by　the　accidental　discharge　of　his　gun。
  It　was　during　a　period　of　demoralization　for　the　Kaposias　that
  Little　Crow　became　the　leader　of　his　people。　　His　father；　a
  well…known　chief；　had　three　wives；　all　from　different　bands　of　the
  Sioux。　　He　was　the　only　son　of　the　first　wife；　a　Leaf　Dweller。
  There　were　two　sons　of　the　second　and　two　of　the　third　wife；　and
  the　second　set　of　brothers　conspired　to　kill　their　half…brother　in
  order　to　keep　the　chieftainship　in　the　family。
  Two　kegs　of　whisky　were　bought；　and　all　the　men　of　the　tribe
  invited　to　a　feast。　　It　was　planned　to　pick　some　sort　of　quarrel
  when　all　were　drunk；　and　in　the　confusion　Little　Crow　was　to　be
  murdered。　　The　plot　went　smoothly　until　the　last　instant；　when　a
  young　brave　saved　the　intended　victim　by　knocking　the　gun　aside
  with　his　hatchet；　so　that　the　shot　went　wild。　　However；　it　broke
  his　right　arm；　which　remained　crooked　all　his　life。　　The　friends　of
  the　young　chieftain　hastily　withdrew；　avoiding　a　general　fight；　and
  later　the　council　of　the　Kaposias　condemned　the　two　brothers；　both
  of　whom　were　executed；　leaving　him　in　undisputed　possession。
  Such　was　the　opening　of　a　stormy　career。　　Little　Crow's　mother
  had　been　a　chief's　daughter；　celebrated　for　her　beauty　and　spirit；
  and　it　is　said　that　she　used　to　plunge　him　into　the　lake　through　a
  hole　in　the　ice；　rubbing　him　afterward　with　snow；　to　strengthen　his
  nerves；　and　that　she　would　remain　with　him　alone　in　the　deep　woods
  for　days　at　a　time；　so　that　he　might　know　that　solitude　is　good；
  and　not　fear　to　be　alone　with　nature。
  〃My　son；〃　she　would　say；　〃if　you　are　to　be　a　leader　of　men；
  you　must　listen　in　silence　to　the　mystery；　the　spirit。〃
  At　a　very　early　age　she　made　a　feast　for　her　boy　and　announced
  that　he　would　fast　two　days。　　This　is　what　might　be　called　a　formal
  presentation　to　the　spirit　or　God。　　She　greatly　desired　him　to
  become　a　worthy　leader　according　to　the　ideas　of　her　people。　　It
  appears　that　she　left　her　husband　when　he　took　a　second　wife；　and
  lived　with　her　own　band　till　her　death。　　She　did　not　marry　again。
  Little　Crow　was　an　intensely　ambitious　man　and　without
  physical　fear。　　He　was　always　in　perfect　training　and　early
  acquired　the　art　of　warfare　of　the　Indian　type。　　It　is　told　of　him
  that　when　he　was　about　ten　years　old；　he　engaged　with　other　boys　in
  a　sham　battle　on　the　shore　of　a　lake　near　St。　Paul。　　Both　sides
  were　encamped　at　a　little　distance　from　one　another；　and　the　rule
  was　that　the　enemy　must　be　surprised；　otherwise　the　attack　would　be
  considered　a　failure。　　One　must　come　within　so　many　paces
  undiscovered　in　order　to　be　counted　successful。　　Our　hero　had　a
  favorite　dog　which；　at　his　earnest　request；　was　allowed　to　take
  part　in　the　game；　and　as　a　scout　he　entered　the　enemy　camp　unseen；
  by　the　help　of　his　dog。
  When　he　was　twelve；　he　saved　the　life　of　a　companion　who　had
  broken　through　the　ice　by　tying　the　end　of　a　pack　line　to　a　log；
  then　at　great　risk　to　himself　carrying　it　to　the　edge　of　the　hole
  where　his　comrade　went　down。　　It　is　said　that　he　also　broke　in；　but
  both　boys　saved　themselves　by　means　of　the　line。
  As　a　young　man；　Little　Crow　was　always　ready　to　serve　his
  people　as　a　messenger　to　other　tribes；　a　duty　involving　much　danger
  and　hardship。　　He　was　also　known　as　one　of　the　best　hunters　in　his
  band。　　Although　still　young；　he　had　already　a　war　record　when　he
  became　chief　of　the　Kaposias；　at　a　time　when　the　Sioux　were　facing
  the　greatest　and　most　far…reaching　changes　that　had　ever　come　to
  them。
  At　this　juncture　in　the　history　of　the　northwest　and　its
  native　inhabitants；　the　various　fur　companies　had　paramount
  influence。　　They　did　not　hesitate　to　impress　the　Indians　with　the
  idea　that　they　were　the　authorized　representatives　of　the　white
  races　or　peoples；　and　they　were　quick　to　realize　the　desirability
  of　controlling　the　natives　through　their　most　influential　chiefs。
  Little　Crow　became　quite　popular　with　post　traders　and　factors。　　He
  was　an　orator　as　well　as　a　diplomat；　and　one　of　the　first　of　his
  nation　to　indulge　in　politics　and　promote　unstable　schemes　to　the
  detriment　of　his　people。
  When　the　United　States　Government　went　into　the　business　of
  acquiring　territory　from　the　Indians　so　that　the　flood　of　western
  settlement　might　not　be　checked；　commissions　were　sent　out　to
  negotiate　treaties；　and　in　case　of　failure　it　often　happened　t