第 22 节
作者:
老山文学 更新:2024-01-16 22:40 字数:9100
。 May we not understand it to have been entirely in
respect of finite spirits; so that things; with regard to us; may
properly be said to begin their existence; or be created; when
God decreed they should become perceptible to intelligent
creatures; in that order and manner which He then established;
and we now call the laws of nature? You may call this a
; if you please。 But; so
long as it supplies us with the most natural; obvious; and
literal sense of the Mosaic history of the creation; so long as
it answers all the religious ends of that great article; in a
word; so long as you can assign no other sense or meaning in its
stead; why should we reject this? Is it to comply with a
ridiculous sceptical humour of making everything nonsense and
unintelligible? I am sure you cannot say it is for the glory of
God。 For; allowing it to be a thing possible and conceivable that
the corporeal world should have an absolute existence extrinsical
to the mind of God; as well as to the minds of all created
spirits; yet how could this set forth either the immensity or
omniscience of the Deity; or the necessary and immediate
dependence of all {254} things on Him? Nay; would it not rather
seem to derogate from those attributes?
。 Well; but as to this decree of God's; for making
things perceptible; what say you; Philonous? Is it not plain; God
did either execute that decree from all eternity; or at some
certain time began to will what He had not actually willed
before; but only designed to will? If the former; then there
could be no creation; or beginning of existence; in finite
things。 If the latter; then we must acknowledge something new to
befall the Deity; which implies a sort of change: and all change
argues imperfection。
。 Pray consider what you are doing。 Is it not evident
this objection concludes equally against a creation in any sense;
nay; against every other act of the Deity; discoverable by the
light of nature? None of which can conceive; otherwise than
as performed in time; and having a beginning。 God is a Being of
transcerident and unlimited perfections: His nature; therefore;
is incomprehensible to finite spirits。 It is not; therefore; to
be expected; that any man; whether Materialist or Immaterialist;
should have exactly just notions of the Deity; His attributes;
and ways of operation。 If then you would infer anything against
me; your difficulty must not be drawn from the inadequateness of
our conceptions of the Divine nature; which is unavoidable on any
scheme; but from the denial of Matter; of which there is not one
word; directly or indirectly; in what you have now objected。
。 I must acknowledge the difficulties you are concerned
to clear are such only as arise from the non…existence of Matter;
and are peculiar to that notion。 So far you are in the right。 But
I cannot by any means bring myself to think there is no such
peculiar repugnancy between the creation and your opinion; though
indeed where to fix it; I do not distinctly know。
。 What would you have? Do I not acknowledge a twofold
state of things the one ectypal or natural; the other
archetypal and eternal? The former was created in time; the
latter existed from everlasting in the mind of God。 Is not this
agreeable to the common notions of divines? or; is any more than
this necessary in order to conceive the creation? But you suspect
some peculiar repugnancy; though you know not where it lies。 To
take away all possibility of scruple in the case; do but consider
this one point。 Either you are not able to conceive {255} the
Creation on any hypothesis whatsoever; and; if so; there is no
ground for dislike or complaint against any particular opinion on
that score: or you are able to conceive it; and; if so; why not
on my Principles; since thereby nothing conceivable is taken
away? You have all along been allowed the full scope of sense;
imagination; and reason。 Whatever; therefore; you could before
apprehend; either immediately or mediately by your senses; or by
ratiocination from your senses; whatever you could perceive;
imagine; or understand; remains still with you。 If; therefore;
the notion you have of the creation by other Principles be
intelligible; you have it still upon mine; if it be not
intelligible; I conceive it to be no notion at all; and so there
is no loss of it。 And indeed it seems to me very plain that the
supposition of Matter; that is a thing perfectly unknown and
inconceivable; cannot serve to make us conceive anything。 And; I
hope it need not be proved to you that if the existence of Matter
doth not make the creation conceivable; the creation's being
without it inconceivable can be no objection against its non…
existence。
。 I confess; Philonous; you have almost satisfied me in
this point of the creation。
。 I would fain know why you are not quite satisfied。
You tell me indeed of a repugnancy between the Mosaic history and
Immaterialism: but you know not where it lies。 Is this
reasonable; Hylas? Can you expect I should solve a difficulty
without knowing what it is? But; to pass by all that; would not a
man think you were assured there is no repugnancy between the
received notions of Materialists and the inspired writings?
。 And so I am。
。 Ought the historical part of Scripture to be
understood in a plain obvious sense; or in a sense which is
metaphysical and out of the way?
。 In the plain sense; doubtless。
。 When Moses speaks of herbs; earth; water; &c。 as
having been created by God; think you not the sensible things
commonly signified by those words are suggested to every
unphilosophical reader?
。 I cannot help thinking so。
。 And are not all ideas; or things perceived by sense;
to be denied a real existence by the doctrine of the Materialist?
。 This I have already acknowledged。
。 The creation; therefore; according to them; was not
{256} the creation of things sensible; which have only a relative
being; but of certain unknown natures; which have an absolute
being; wherein creation might terminate?
。 True。
。 Is it not therefore evident the assertors of Matter
destroy the plain obvious sense of Moses; with which their
notions are utterly inconsistent; and instead of it obtrude on us
I know not what; something equally unintelligible to themselves
and me?
。 I cannot contradict you。
。 Moses tells us of a creation。 A creation of what? of
unknown quiddities; of occasions; or ? No; certainly;
but of things obvious to the senses。 You must first reconcile
this with your notions; if you expect I should be reconciled to
them。
。 I see you can assault me with my own weapons。
。 Then as to ; was there ever
known a more jejune notion than that? Something it is so
abstracted and unintelligible that you have frankly owned you
could not conceive it; much less explain anything by it。 But
allowing Matter to exist; and the notion of absolute existence to
be clear as light; yet; was this ever known to make the creation
more credible? Nay; hath it not furnished the atheists and
infidels of all ages with the most plausible arguments against a
creation? That a corporeal substance; which hath an absolute
existence without the minds of spirits; should be produced out of
nothing; by the mere will of a Spirit; hath been looked upon as a
thing so contrary to all reason; so impossible and absurd! that
not only the most celebrated among the ancients; but even divers
modern and Christian philosophers have thought Matter co…eternal
with the Deity。 Lay these things together; and then judge you
whether Materialism disposes men to believe the creation of
things。
。 I own; Philonous; I think it does not。 This of the
is the last objection I can think of; and I must needs
own it hath been sufficiently answered as well as the rest。
Nothing now remains to be overcome but a sort of unaccountable
backwardness that I find in myself towards your notions。
。 When a man is swayed; he knows not why; to one side
of' the question; can this; think you; be anything else but the
effect of prejudice; which never fails to attend old and rooted
{257} notions? And indeed in this respect I cannot deny the
belief of Matter to have very much the advantage over the
contrary opinion; with men of a learned; education。
。 I confess it seems to be as you say。
。 As a balance; therefore; to this weight of
prejudice; let us throw into the scale the great advantages that
arise from the belief of Immaterialism; both in regard to
religion and human learning。 The being of a God; and
incorruptibility of the soul; those great articles of religion;
are they not proved with the clearest and most immediate
evidence? When I say the being of a God; I do not mean an obscure
general Cause of things; whereof we have no conception; but God;
in the strict and proper sense of the word。 A Being whose
spirituality;