第 22 节
作者:老山文学      更新:2024-01-16 22:40      字数:9100
  。 May we not understand it to have been entirely in
  respect of finite spirits; so that things; with regard to us; may
  properly be said to begin their existence; or be created; when
  God decreed they should become perceptible to intelligent
  creatures; in that order and manner which He then established;
  and we now call the laws of nature? You may call this a
  ;  if you please。 But; so
  long as it supplies us with the most natural; obvious; and
  literal sense of the Mosaic history of the creation; so long as
  it answers all the religious ends of that great article; in a
  word; so long as you can assign no other sense or meaning in its
  stead; why should we reject this? Is it to comply with a
  ridiculous sceptical humour of making everything nonsense and
  unintelligible? I am sure you cannot say it is for the glory of
  God。 For; allowing it to be a thing possible and conceivable that
  the corporeal world should have an absolute existence extrinsical
  to the mind of God; as well as to the minds of all created
  spirits; yet how could this set forth either the immensity or
  omniscience of the Deity; or the necessary and immediate
  dependence of all {254} things on Him? Nay; would it not rather
  seem to derogate from those attributes?
  。 Well; but as to this decree of God's; for making
  things perceptible; what say you; Philonous? Is it not plain; God
  did either execute that decree from all eternity; or at some
  certain time began to will what He had not actually willed
  before; but only designed to will? If the former; then there
  could be no creation; or beginning of existence; in finite
  things。 If the latter; then we must acknowledge something new to
  befall the Deity; which implies a sort of change: and all change
  argues imperfection。
  。 Pray consider what you are doing。 Is it not evident
  this objection concludes equally against a creation in any sense;
  nay; against every other act of the Deity; discoverable by the
  light of nature? None of which can  conceive; otherwise than
  as performed in time; and having a beginning。 God is a Being of
  transcerident and unlimited perfections: His nature; therefore;
  is incomprehensible to finite spirits。 It is not; therefore; to
  be expected; that any man; whether Materialist or Immaterialist;
  should have exactly just notions of the Deity; His attributes;
  and ways of operation。 If then you would infer anything against
  me; your difficulty must not be drawn from the inadequateness of
  our conceptions of the Divine nature; which is unavoidable on any
  scheme; but from the denial of Matter; of which there is not one
  word; directly or indirectly; in what you have now objected。
  。 I must acknowledge the difficulties you are concerned
  to clear are such only as arise from the non…existence of Matter;
  and are peculiar to that notion。 So far you are in the right。 But
  I cannot by any means bring myself to think there is no such
  peculiar repugnancy between the creation and your opinion; though
  indeed where to fix it; I do not distinctly know。
  。 What would you have? Do I not acknowledge a twofold
  state of things  the one ectypal or natural; the other
  archetypal and eternal? The former was created in time; the
  latter existed from everlasting in the mind of God。 Is not this
  agreeable to the common notions of divines? or; is any more than
  this necessary in order to conceive the creation? But you suspect
  some peculiar repugnancy; though you know not where it lies。 To
  take away all possibility of scruple in the case; do but consider
  this one point。 Either you are not able to conceive {255} the
  Creation on any hypothesis whatsoever; and; if so; there is no
  ground for dislike or complaint against any particular opinion on
  that score: or you are able to conceive it; and; if so; why not
  on my Principles; since thereby nothing conceivable is taken
  away? You have all along been allowed the full scope of sense;
  imagination; and reason。 Whatever; therefore; you could before
  apprehend; either immediately or mediately by your senses; or by
  ratiocination from your senses; whatever you could perceive;
  imagine; or understand; remains still with you。 If; therefore;
  the notion you have of the creation by other Principles be
  intelligible; you have it still upon mine; if it be not
  intelligible; I conceive it to be no notion at all; and so there
  is no loss of it。 And indeed it seems to me very plain that the
  supposition of Matter; that is a thing perfectly unknown and
  inconceivable; cannot serve to make us conceive anything。 And; I
  hope it need not be proved to you that if the existence of Matter
  doth not make the creation conceivable; the creation's being
  without it inconceivable can be no objection against its non…
  existence。
  。 I confess; Philonous; you have almost satisfied me in
  this point of the creation。
  。 I would fain know why you are not quite satisfied。
  You tell me indeed of a repugnancy between the Mosaic history and
  Immaterialism: but you know not where it lies。 Is this
  reasonable; Hylas? Can you expect I should solve a difficulty
  without knowing what it is? But; to pass by all that; would not a
  man think you were assured there is no repugnancy between the
  received notions of Materialists and the inspired writings?
  。 And so I am。
  。 Ought the historical part of Scripture to be
  understood in a plain obvious sense; or in a sense which is
  metaphysical and out of the way?
  。 In the plain sense; doubtless。
  。 When Moses speaks of herbs; earth; water; &c。 as
  having been created by God; think you not the sensible things
  commonly signified by those words are suggested to every
  unphilosophical reader?
  。 I cannot help thinking so。
  。 And are not all ideas; or things perceived by sense;
  to be denied a real existence by the doctrine of the Materialist?
  。 This I have already acknowledged。
  。 The creation; therefore; according to them; was not
  {256} the creation of things sensible; which have only a relative
  being; but of certain unknown natures; which have an absolute
  being; wherein creation might terminate?
  。 True。
  。 Is it not therefore evident the assertors of Matter
  destroy the plain obvious sense of Moses; with which their
  notions are utterly inconsistent; and instead of it obtrude on us
  I know not what; something equally unintelligible to themselves
  and me?
  。 I cannot contradict you。
  。 Moses tells us of a creation。 A creation of what? of
  unknown quiddities; of occasions; or ? No; certainly;
  but of things obvious to the senses。 You must first reconcile
  this with your notions; if you expect I should be reconciled to
  them。
  。 I see you can assault me with my own weapons。
  。 Then as to ; was there ever
  known a more jejune notion than that? Something it is so
  abstracted and unintelligible that you have frankly owned you
  could not conceive it; much less explain anything by it。 But
  allowing Matter to exist; and the notion of absolute existence to
  be clear as light; yet; was this ever known to make the creation
  more credible? Nay; hath it not furnished the atheists and
  infidels of all ages with the most plausible arguments against a
  creation? That a corporeal substance; which hath an absolute
  existence without the minds of spirits; should be produced out of
  nothing; by the mere will of a Spirit; hath been looked upon as a
  thing so contrary to all reason; so impossible and absurd! that
  not only the most celebrated among the ancients; but even divers
  modern and Christian philosophers have thought Matter co…eternal
  with the Deity。 Lay these things together; and then judge you
  whether Materialism disposes men to believe the creation of
  things。
  。 I own; Philonous; I think it does not。 This of the
  is the last objection I can think of; and I must needs
  own it hath been sufficiently answered as well as the rest。
  Nothing now remains to be overcome but a sort of unaccountable
  backwardness that I find in myself towards your notions。
  。 When a man is swayed; he knows not why; to one side
  of' the question; can this; think you; be anything else but the
  effect of prejudice; which never fails to attend old and rooted
  {257} notions? And indeed in this respect I cannot deny the
  belief of Matter to have very much the advantage over the
  contrary opinion; with men of a learned; education。
  。 I confess it seems to be as you say。
  。 As a balance; therefore; to this weight of
  prejudice; let us throw into the scale the great advantages that
  arise from the belief of Immaterialism; both in regard to
  religion and human learning。 The being of a God; and
  incorruptibility of the soul; those great articles of religion;
  are they not proved with the clearest and most immediate
  evidence? When I say the being of a God; I do not mean an obscure
  general Cause of things; whereof we have no conception; but God;
  in the strict and proper sense of the word。 A Being whose
  spirituality;