第 21 节
作者:老山文学      更新:2024-01-16 22:40      字数:5958
  there should be room for all those trees and houses to exist in
  your mind。 Can extended things be contained in that which is
  unextended? Or; are we to imagine impressions made on a thing
  void of all solidity? You cannot say objects are in your mind; as
  books in your study: or that things are imprinted on it; as the
  figure of a seal upon wax。 In what sense; therefore; are we to
  understand those expressions? Explain me this if you can: and I
  shall then be able to answer all those queries you formerly put
  to me about my 。
  。 Look you; Hylas; when I speak of objects as existing
  in the mind; or imprinted on the senses; I would not be
  understood in the gross literal sense; as when bodies are said to
  exist in a place; or a seal to make an impression upon wax。 My
  meaning is only that the mind comprehends or perceives them; and
  that it is affected from without; or by some being distinct from
  itself。 This is my explication of your difficulty; and how it can
  serve to make your tenet of an unperceiving material
  intelligible; I would fain know。
  。 Nay; if that be all; I confess I do not see what use
  can be made of it。 But are you not guilty of some abuse of
  language in this?
  。 None at all。 It is no more than common custom; which
  you know is the rule of language; hath authorised: nothing being
  more usual; than for philosophers to speak of the immediate
  objects of the understanding as things existing in the mind。 'Nor
  is there anything in this but what is conformable to the general
  analogy of language; most part of the mental operations being
  signified by words borrowed from sensible things; as is plain in
  the terms ; reflect; ; &。; which; being
  applied to the mind; must not be taken in their gross; original
  sense。
  。 You have; I own; satisfied me in this point。 But
  there still remains one great difficulty; which I know not how
  you will get over。 And; indeed; it is of such importance that if
  you could solve all others; without being able to find a solution
  for this; you must never expect to make me a proselyte to your
  principles。
  。 Let me know this mighty difficulty。
  。 The Scripture account of the creation is what appears
  to me utterly irreconcilable with your notions。 Moses tells us of
  a creation: a creation of what? of ideas? No; certainly; but of
  things; of real things; solid corporeal substances。 Bring your
  principles to agree with this; and I shall perhaps agree with
  you。
  。 Moses mentions the sun; moon; and stars; earth and
  sea; plants and animals。 That all these do really exist; and were
  in the beginning created by God; I make no question。 {251} If by
  you mean fictions and fancies of the mind; then these are
  no ideas。 If by  you mean immediate objects of the
  understanding; or sensible things; which cannot exist
  unperceived; or out of a mind; then these things are ideas。 But
  whether you do or do not call them ;  matters little。
  The difference is only about a name。 And; whether that name be
  retained or rejected; the sense; the truth; and reality of things
  continues the same。 In common talk; the objects of our senses are
  not termed ; but 。 Call them so still: provided
  you do not attribute to them any absolute external existence; and
  I shall never quarrel with you for a word。 The creation;
  therefore; I allow to have been a creation of things; of
  things。 Neither is this in the least inconsistent with my
  principles; as is evident from what I have now said; and would
  have been evident to you without this; if you had not forgotten
  what had been so often said before。 But as for solid corporeal
  substances; I desire you to show where Moses makes any mention of
  them; and; if they should be mentioned by him; or any other
  inspired writer; it would still be incumbent on you to shew those
  words were not taken in the vulgar acceptation; for things
  falling under our senses; but in the philosophic acceptation; for
  Matter; or ; 。
  When you have proved these points; then (and not till then) may
  you bring the authority of Moses into our dispute。
  。 It is in vain to dispute about a point so clear。 I am
  content to refer it to your own conscience。 Are you not satisfied
  there is some peculiar repugnancy between the Mosaic account of
  the creation and your notions?
  。 If all possible sense which can be put on the first
  chapter of Genesis may be conceived as consistently with my
  principles as any other; then it has no peculiar repugnancy with
  them。 But there is no sense you may not as well conceive;
  believing as I do。 Since; besides spirits; all you conceive are
  ideas; and the existence of these I do not deny。 Neither do you
  pretend they exist without the mind。
  。 Pray let me see any sense you can understand it in。
  。 Why; I imagine that if I had been present at the
  creation; I should have seen things produced into being  that
  is become perceptible  in the order prescribed by the sacred
  historian。 I ever before believed the Mosaic account of the
  creation; and now find no alteration in my manner of believing
  it。 When things are said to begin or end their existence; we
  {252} do not mean this with regard to God; but His creatures。 All
  objects are eternally known by God; or; which is the same thing;
  have an eternal existence in His mind: but when things; before
  imperceptible to creatures; are; by a decree of God; perceptible
  to them; then are they said to begin a relative existence; with
  respect to created minds。 Upon reading therefore the Mosaic
  account of the creation; I understand that the several parts of
  the world became gradually perceivable to finite spirits; endowed
  with proper faculties; so that; whoever such were present; they
  were in truth perceived by them。 This is the literal obvious
  sense suggested to me by the words of the Holy Scripture: in
  which is included no mention; or no thought; either of
  ;