第 10 节
作者:老山文学      更新:2024-01-16 22:40      字数:9091
  can at present discover any flaw in any of your former
  concessions; or think of any remaining subterfuge; any new
  distinction; colour; or comment whatsoever; why do you not
  produce it?
  。 A little patience; Philonous。 I am at present so
  amazed to see myself ensnared; and as it were imprisoned in the
  labyrinths you have drawn me into; that on the sudden it cannot
  be expected I should find my way out。 You must give me time to
  look about me and recollect myself。
  。 Hark; is not this the college bell?
  。 It rings for prayers。
  。 We will go in then; if you please; and meet here
  again tomorrow morning。 In the meantime; you may employ your
  thoughts on this morning's discourse; and try if you can find any
  fallacy in it; or invent any new means to extricate yourself。
  。 Agreed。 {208}
  THE SECOND DIALOGUE
  。 I beg your pardon; Philonous; for not meeting you
  sooner。 All this morning my head was so filled with our late
  conversation that I had not leisure to think of the time of the
  day; or indeed of anything else。
  。 I am glad you were so intent upon it; in hopes
  if there were any mistakes in your concessions; or fallacies in
  my reasonings from them; you will now discover them to me。
  。 I assure you I have done nothing ever since I saw you
  but search after mistakes and fallacies; and; with that view;
  have minutely examined the whole series of yesterday's discourse:
  but all in vain; for the notions it led me into; upon review;
  appear still more clear and evident; and; the more I consider
  them; the more irresistibly do they force my assent。
  。 And is not this; think you; a sign that they are
  genuine; that they proceed from nature; and are conformable to
  right reason? Truth and beauty are in this alike; that the
  strictest survey sets them both off to advantage; while the false
  lustre of error and disguise cannot endure being reviewed; or too
  nearly inspected。
  。 I own there is a great deal in what you say。 Nor can
  any one be more entirely satisfied of the truth of those odd
  consequences; so long as I have in view the reasonings that lead
  to them。 But; when these are out of my thoughts; there seems; on
  the other hand; something so satisfactory; so natural and
  intelligible; in the modern way of explaining things that; I
  profess; I know not how to reject it。
  。 I know not what way you mean。
  。 I mean the way of accounting for our sensations or
  ideas。
  。 How is that?
  。 It is supposed the soul makes her residence in some
  part of the brain; from which the nerves take their rise; and are
  thence extended to all parts of the body; and that outward
  objects; by the different impressions they make on the organs of
  sense; communicate certain vibrative motions to the nerves; and
  these being filled with spirits propagate them to the brain {209}
  or seat of the soul; which; according to the various impressions
  or traces thereby made in the brain; is variously affected with
  ideas。
  。 And call you this an explication of the manner
  whereby we are affected with ideas?
  。 Why not; Philonous? Have you anything to object
  against it?
  。 I would first know whether I rightly understand your
  hypothesis。 You make certain traces in the brain to be the causes
  or occasions of our ideas。 Pray tell me whether by the
  you mean any sensible thing。
  。 What else think you I could mean?
  。 Sensible things are all immediately perceivable; and
  those things which are immediately perceivable are ideas; and
  these exist only in the mind。 Thus much you have; if I mistake
  not; long since agreed to。
  。 I do not deny it。
  。 The brain therefore you speak of; being a sensible
  thing; exists only in the mind。 Now; I would fain know whether
  you think it reasonable to suppose that one idea or thing
  existing in the mind occasions all other ideas。 And; if you think
  so; pray how do you account for the origin of that primary idea
  or brain itself?
  。 I do not explain the origin of our ideas by that
  brain which is perceivable to sense  this being itself only a
  combination of sensible ideas  but by another which I imagine。
  。 But are not things imagined as truly
  as things perceived?
  。 I must confess they are。
  。 It comes; therefore; to the same thing; and you have
  been all this while accounting for ideas by certain motions or
  impressions of the brain; that is; by some alterations in an
  idea; whether sensible or imaginable it matters not。
  。 I begin to suspect my hypothesis。
  。 Besides spirits; all that we know or conceive are
  our own ideas。 When; therefore; you say all ideas are occasioned
  by impressions in the brain; do you conceive this brain or no? If
  you do; then you talk of ideas imprinted in an idea causing that
  same idea; which is absurd。 If you do not conceive it; you talk
  unintelligibly; instead of forming a reasonable hypothesis。 {210}
  。 I now clearly see it was a mere dream。 There is
  nothing in it。
  。 You need not be much concerned at it; for after all;
  this way of explaining things; as you called it; could never have
  satisfied any reasonable man。 What connexion is there between a
  motion in the nerves; and the sensations of sound or colour in
  the mind? Or how is it possible these should be the effect of
  that?
  。 But I could never think it had so little in it as now
  it seems to have。
  。 Well then; are you at length satisfied that no
  sensible things have a real existence; and that you are in truth
  an arrant sceptic?
  。 It is too plain to be denied。
  。 Look! are not the fields covered with a delightful
  verdure? Is there not something in the woods and groves; in the
  rivers and clear springs; that soothes; that delights; that
  transports the soul? At the prospect of the wide and deep ocean;
  or some huge mountain whose top is lost in the clouds; or of an
  old gloomy forest; are not our minds filled with a pleasing
  horror? Even in rocks and deserts is there not an agreeable
  wildness? How sincere a pleasure is it to behold the natural
  beauties of the earth! To preserve and renew our; relish for
  them; is not the veil of night alternately drawn over her face;
  and doth she not change her dress with the seasons? How aptly are
  the elements disposed! What variety and use 'in the meanest
  productions of nature'!'4' What delicacy; what beauty; what
  contrivance; in animal and vegetable bodies I How exquisitely are
  all things suited; as well to their particular ends; as to
  constitute opposite parts of the whole I And; while they mutually
  aid and support; do they not also set off and illustrate each
  other? Raise now your thoughts from this ball of earth to all
  those glorious luminaries that adorn the high arch of heaven。 The
  motion and situation of the planets; are they not admirable for
  use and order? Were those (miscalled ) globes once known
  to stray; in their repeated journeys through the pathless void?
  Do they not measure areas round the sun ever proportioned to the
  times? So fixed; so immutable are the laws by which the unseen
  Author of nature actuates the universe。 {211} How vivid and
  radiant is the lustre of the fixed stars! How magnificent and
  rich that negligent profusion with which they appear to be
  scattered throughout the whole azure vault! Yet; if you take the
  telescope; it brings into your sight a new host of stars that
  escape the naked eye。 Here they seem contiguous and minute; but
  to a nearer view immense orbs of fight at various distances; far
  sunk in the abyss of space。 Now you must call imagination to your
  aid。 The feeble narrow sense cannot descry innumerable worlds
  revolving round the central fires; and in those worlds the energy
  of an all…perfect Mind displayed in endless forms。 But; neither
  sense nor imagination are big enough to comprehend the boundless
  extent; with all its glittering furniture。 Though the labouring
  mind exert and strain each power to its utmost reach; there still
  stands out ungrasped a surplusage immeasurable。 Yet all the vast
  bodies that compose this mighty frame; how distant and remote
  soever; are by some secret mechanism; some Divine art and force;
  linked in a mutual dependence and intercourse with each other;
  even with this earth; which was almost slipt from my thoughts and
  lost in the crowd of worlds。 Is not the whole system immense;
  beautiful; glorious beyond expression and beyond thought! What
  treatment; then; do those philosophers deserve; who would deprive
  these noble and delightful scenes of all ? How should
  those Principles be entertained that lead us to think all the
  visible beauty of the creation a false imaginary glare? To be
  plain; can you expect this Scepticism of yours will not be
  thought extravagantly absurd by all men of sense?
  。 Other men may think as they please; but for your part
  you have nothing to reproach me with。 My comfort is; you are as
  muc