第 10 节
作者:闪啊闪      更新:2023-08-28 11:48      字数:9322
  We know; indeed; that in modern times a very similar story actually found
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  credence   among   a   people   much   more   civilized   than   the   Romans   of   the
  fifth century before Christ。 A chaplain of Cortes; writing about thirty years
  after   the   conquest   of   Mexico;   in   an   age   of   printing   presses;   libraries;
  universities;   scholars;   logicians;   jurists;   and   statesmen;   had   the   face   to
  assert that; in one engagement against the Indians; St。 James had appeared
  on   a gray  horse   at   the   head of   the   Castilian   adventurers。   Many  of   those
  adventurers   were   living   when   this   lie   was   printed。   One   of   them;   honest
  Bernal Diaz; wrote an account of the expedition。 He had the evidence of
  his own senses against the legend; but he seems to have distrusted even
  the evidence of his own senses。 He says that he was in the battle; and that
  he saw a gray horse with a man on his back; but that the man was; to his
  thinking; Francesco de Morla; and not the ever…blessed apostle St。 James。
  ‘‘Nevertheless;'' Bernal adds; ‘‘it may be that the person on the gray horse
  was   the   glorious   apostle     St。   James;   and   that   I;   sinner  that   I   am;  was
  unworthy to see him。'' The Romans of the age of Cincinatus were probably
  quite    as  credulous     as  the   Spanish    subjects    of  Charles    the   Fifth。  It  is
  therefore   conceivable   that   the   appearance   of   Castor   and   Pollux   may   be
  become   an      article   of  faith  before   the   generation     which   had    fought    at
  Regillus had passed away。 Nor could anything be more natural than that
  the    poets   of  the   next   age   should    embellish     this  story;  and    make    the
  celestial horsemen bear the tidings of victory to Rome。
  Many  years   after   the   temple of   the Twin   Gods had   been built   in   the
  Forum; an   important addition   was   made to   the   ceremonial by  which   the
  state   annually   testified   its   gratitude   for   their   protection。   Quintus   Fabius
  and   Publius   Decius   were   elected   Censors   at   a   momentous   crisis。   It   had
  become absolutely necessary that the classification of the citizens should
  be   revised。   On   that   classification   depended   the   distribution   of   political
  power。 Party spirit ran high; and the republic seemed to be in danger of
  falling under the dominion either of a narrow oligarchy or of an ignorant
  and   headstrong       rabble。   Under   such    circumstances;   the   most      illustrious
  patrician and the most illustrious plebeian of the age were entrusted with
  the office   of   arbitrating   between   the   angry  factions;   and   they  performed
  their arduous task to the satisfaction of all honest and reasonable men。
  One of their reforms was the remodelling of the equestrian order; and;
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  having     effected    this  reform;   they   determined      to  give   to  their  work    a
  sanction     derived    from    religion。   In  the  chivalrous     societies   of  modern
  times;societies which have much more than may at first sight appear in
  common   with   with   the   equestrian   order   of   Rome;it   has   been   usual   to
  invoke the special protection of some Saint; and to observe his day with
  peculiar solemnity。 Thus the Companions of the Garter wear the image of
  St。 George depending from their collars; and meet; on great occasions; in
  St。   George's   Chapel。   Thus;   when   Louis   the   Fourteenth   instituted   a   new
  order of chivalry for the rewarding of military merit; he commended it to
  the favor of his own glorified ancestor and patron; and decreed that all the
  members of the fraternity should meet at the royal palace on the feast of St。
  Louis;   should   attend   the   king   to   chapel;   should   hear   mass;   and   should
  subsequently   hold   their   great   annual   assembley。   There   is   a   considerable
  resemblance between this rule of the order of St。 Louis and the rule which
  Fabius   and   Decius   made   respecting   the  Roman   knights。   It   was   ordained
  that a grand muster and inspection of the equestrian body should be part of
  the ceremonial performed; on the anniversary of the battle of Regillus; in
  honor of Castor and Pollux; the two equestrian gods。 All the knights; clad
  in purple and crowned with olive; were to meet at a temple of Mars in the
  suburbs。 Thence they were to ride in state to the Forum; where the temple
  of the Twins stood。 This pageant was; during several centuries; considered
  as one of the most splendid sights of Rome。 In the time of Dionysius the
  cavalcade sometimes consisted of five thousand horsemen; all persons of
  fair repute and easy fortune。
  There   can   be   no   doubt   that   the   Censors   who   instituted   this   august
  ceremony acted in concert with the Pontiffs to whom; by the constitution
  of   Rome;   the   superintendence   of   the   public   worship   belonged;   and   it   is
  probable that   those high religious   functionaries   were; as usual;  fortunate
  enough      to   find   in  their   books     or  traditions    some     warrant    for   the
  innovation。
  The   following   poem   is   supposed   to   have   been   made   for   this   great
  occasion。   Songs;   we   know;   were   chanted   at   religious   festivals   of   Rome
  from an early period; indeed from so early a period that some of the sacred
  verses were popularly ascribed to Numa; and were utterly unintelligible in
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  the age of Augustus。  In  the  Second   Punic War  a  great   feast   was   held in
  honor of Juno; and a song was sung in her praise。 This song was extant
  when Livy wrote; and; though exceedingly rugged and uncouth; seemed to
  him not wholly destitute of merit。 A song; as we learn from Horace; was
  part   of   the   established   ritual   at   the   great   Secular   Jubilee。   It   is   therefore
  likely that the Censors and Pontiffs; when they had resolved to add a grand
  procession of knights to the other solemnities annually performed on the
  Ides   of   Quintilis;   would   call   in   the   aid   of   a   poet。   Such   a   poet   would
  naturally take for his subject the battle of Regillus; the appearance of the
  Twin Gods; and the institution of their festival。 He would find abundant
  materials in the ballads of his predecessors; and he would make free use of
  the   scanty   stock   of   Greek   learning   which   he   had   himself   acquired。   He
  would      probably     introduce     some     wise   and    holy   Pontiff    enjoining     the
  magnificent   ceremonial   which;   after   a   long   interval;   had   at   length   been
  adopted。      If  the   poem     succeeded;      many     persons    would     commit      it  to
  memory。   Parts   of   it   would   be   sung   to   the   pipe   at   banquets。   It   would   be
  peculiarly   interesting   to   the   great   Posthumian   House;   which   numbered
  among its many images that of the Dictator Aulus; the hero of Regillus。
  The     orator   who;    in  the   following     generation;     pronounced       the   funeral
  panegyric over the remains of Lucius Posthumius Megellus; thrice Consul;
  would      borrow     largely    from    the   lay;  and    thus   some     passages;     much
  disfigured; would probably find their way into the chronicles which were
  afterwards in the hands of Dionysius and Livy。
  Antiquaries differ widely as to the situation of the field of battle。 The
  opinion      of  those    who    suppose      that  the   armies    met    near    Cornufelle;
  between Frascati and the Monte Porzio; is at least plausible; and has been
  followed in the poem。
  As   to   the   details   of   the   battle;   it   has   not   been   thought   desirable   to
  adhere   minutely   to   the   accounts   which   have   come   down   to   us。   Those
  accounts;   indeed;   differ   widely   from   each   other;   and;   in   all   probability;
  differ as widely from the ancient poem from which they were originally
  derived。
  It is unnecessary to point out the obvious imitations of the Iliad; which
  have been purposely introduced。
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  The Battle of the Lake Regillus
  A Lay Sung at the Feast of Castor and Pollux on the
  Ides of Quintilis in the year of the City CCCCLI