第 9 节
作者:闪啊闪      更新:2023-08-28 11:48      字数:9321
  spit;   When   young   and   old   in   circle        Around   the   firebrands   close;
  When the girls are weaving baskets;                 And the lads are shaping bows;
  LXX
  When   the   goodman   mends   his   armor;             And   trims   his   helmet's
  plume; When the goodwife's shuttle merrily                     Goes flashing through
  the   loom;   With   weeping   and   with   laughter           Still   is   the   story   told;
  How well Horatius kept the bridge                  In the brave days of old。
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  Lays of Ancient Rome
  The Battle of the Lake Regillus
  The following poem is supposed to have been produced about ninety
  years   after   the   lay   of   Horatius。   Some   persons   mentioned   in   the   lay   of
  Horatius make their appearance again; and some appellations and epithets
  used in the lay of Horatius have been purposely repeated: for; in an age of
  ballad…poetry; it scarcely ever fails to happen; that certain phrases come to
  be   appropriated   to   certain   men   and   things;   and   are   regularly   applied   to
  those     men    and   things    by   every    minstrel。    Thus    we   find;   both    in  the
  Homeric poems and in Hesiod; 'several examples of common phrases; in
  Greek'。 Thus;  too;  in   our own   national songs;  Douglas   is   almost   always
  the doughty Douglas; England is merry England; all the gold is red; and
  all the ladies are gay。
  The principal distinction between the lay of Horatius and the lay of the
  Lake Regillus is that the former is meant to be purely Roman; while the
  latter; though national in its general spirit; has a slight tincture of Greek
  learning   and   of   Greek   superstition。   The   story   of   the   Tarquins;   as   it   has
  come   down   to      us;   appears   to   have   been   compiled   from   the   works   of
  several   popular   poets;   and   one;   at   least;   of   those   poets   appears   to   have
  visited   the   Greek   colonies   in   Italy;   if   not   Greece   itself;   and   to   have   had
  some acquaintance with the works of Homer and Herodotus。 Many of the
  most striking adventures of the House of Tarquin; before Lucretia makes
  her    appearance;      have   a  Greek     character。    The   Tarquins     themselves      are
  represented   as   Corinthian   nobles   of   the   great   House   of   the   Bacchiad*;
  driven   from   their   country   by   the   tyranny   of   that   Cypselus;   the   tale   of
  whose strange escape Herodotus has related with incomparable simplicity
  and   liveliness。   Livy   and   Dionysius   tell   us   that;   when   Tarquin   the   Proud
  was   asked   what   was   the   best   mode   of   governing   a   conquered   city;   he
  replied only  by  beating  down with   his   staff  all the  tallest   poppies   in his
  garden。 This is exactly what Herodotus; in the passage to which reference
  has already been made; relates of the counsel given to Periander; the son
  of Cypselus。 The stratagem by which the town of Gabii is brought under
  the power of the Tarquins is; again; obviously copied from Herodotus。 The
  embassy of the young Tarquins to the oracle at Delphi is just such a story
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  Lays of Ancient Rome
  as would be told by a poet whose head was full of the Greek mythology;
  and the ambiguous answer returned by Apollo is in the exact style of the
  prophecies   which;   according   to   Herodotus;  lured   Croesus   to   destruction。
  Then   the   character   of   the   narrative   changes。   From   the   first   mention   of
  Lucretia   to   the   retreat   of   Porsena   nothing   seems   to   be   borrowed   from
  foreign   sources。   The   villainy   of   Sextus;   the   suicide   of   his   victim;   the
  revolution;   the   death   of   the   sons   of   Brutus;   the   defence   of   the   bridge;
  Musius burning his hand; Cloelia swimming through Tiber; seem to be all
  strictly Roman。 But when we have done with the Tuscan wars; and enter
  upon the war with the Latines; we are again struck by the Greek air of the
  story。 The Battle of the Lake Regillus is in all respects a Homeric battle;
  except that the combatants ride astride on their horses; instead of driving
  chariots。 The mass of fighting men is hardly mentioned。 The leaders single
  each other out; and engage hand to hand。 The great object of the warriors
  on   both   sides   is;   as   in   the   Iliad;   to   obtain   possession   of   the   spoils   and
  bodies of the slain; and several circumstances are related which forcibly
  remind      us  of   the  great   slaughter     round    the   corpses    of  Sarpedon      and
  Patroclus。
  But there is one circumstance which deserves especial notice。 Both the
  war of Troy and the war of Regillus were caused by the licentious passions
  of young princes; who were therefore peculiarly bound not to be sparing
  of their own persons on the day of battle。 Now the conduct of Sextus at
  Regillus;   as   described   by   Livy;   so      exactly   resembles   that   of   Paris;   as
  described at the beginning of the third book of the Iliad; that it is difficult
  to   believe   the   resemblance   accidental。   Paris   appears   before   the   Trojan
  ranks; defying the bravest Greek to encounter him:
  3     lines    from      the    Iliad;    in    Greek;     probably       those
  translated by             Pope as:
  。。。  to   the van;   before the  sons   of   fame               Whom Troy
  sent forth; the beauteous Paris came:
  Livy     introduces     Sextus     in  a  similar    manner:      ‘‘Ferocem      juvenem
  Tarquinium;   ostentantem  se   in   prima   exsulum  acie。''   Menelaus   rushes   to
  meet Paris。 A Roman noble; eager for vengeance; spurs his horse towards
  Sextus。 Both the guilty princes are instantly terror…stricken:
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  Lays of Ancient Rome
  3 more lines in Greek; Pope's translation being:
  。。。'Menelaus'      approaching       near;                The     beauteous
  champion views with marks of fear;                        Smit with a conscious sense;
  retires behind;               And shuns the fate he well deserv'd to find。
  ‘‘Tarquinius;'' says Livy; ‘‘retro in agmen suorum infenso cessit hosti。''
  If this be a fortuitous coincidence; it is also one of the most extraordinary
  in literature。
  In   the   following   poem;     therefore;    images   and   incidents   have      been
  borrowed;       not   merely     without     scruple;    but   on    principle;    from    the
  incomparable battle…pieces of Homer。
  The popular belief at Rome; from an early period; seems to have been
  that   the   event   of   the   great   day   of   Regillus   was   decided   by   supernatural
  agency。 Castor and Pollux; it was said; had fought armed and mounted; at
  the head of the legions of the commonwealth; and had afterwards carried
  the news of the victory with incredible speed to the city。 The well in the
  Forum at which they had alighted was pointed out。 Near the well rose their
  ancient   temple。  A   great   festival   was   kept   to   their   honor   on   the   Ides   of
  Quintilis;   supposed   to   be   the   anniversary   of   the   battle;   and   on   that   day
  sumptuous sacrifices were offered to them at the public charge。 One spot
  on   the   margin   of   Lake   Regillus   was   regarded   during   many   ages   with
  superstitious      awe。   A   mark;    resembling      in  shape    a  horse's    hoof;   was
  discernible in the volcanic rock; and this mark was believed to have been
  made by one of the celestial chargers。
  How   the   legend   originated   cannot   now   be   ascertained;   but   we   may
  easily imagine several ways in which it might have originated; nor is it at
  all necessary to suppose; with Julius Frontinus; that two young men were
  dressed up by the Dictator to personate the sons of Leda。 It is probable that
  Livy is correct when he says that the Roman general; in the hour of peril;
  vowed a temple to Castor。 If so; nothing could be more natural than that
  the   multitude   should   ascribe   the   victory   to   the   favor   of   the   Twin   Gods。
  When such was the prevailing sentiment; any man who chose to declare
  that; in the midst of the confusion and slaughter; he had seen two godlike
  forms on white horses scattering the Latines; would find ready credence。
  We know; indeed; that in modern times a very similar story actually found
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