第 11 节
作者:绝对零度      更新:2023-08-28 11:37      字数:9321
  English      for   his   purpose。      His     effort   to  disengage      the    phraselong
  committed   to   convention   and   to   an   exposed   artificedid   but   prove   how
  surely the ancient vitality was gone。
  His preface to 〃The Borough; a Poem;〃 should be duly read before the
  〃poem〃   itself;   for   the   prose   has   a   propriety   all   its   own。   Everything   is
  conceived with the most perfect moderation; and then presented in a form
  of   reasoning   that   leaves   you   no   possible   ground   of   remonstrance。            In
  proposing   his   subject   Crabbe   seems   to   make   an   unanswerable   apology
  with a composure that is almost sweet。                For instance; at some length and
  with some nobility he anticipates a probable conjecture that his work was
  done 〃without due examination and revisal;〃 and he meets the conjectured
  criticism thus:       〃Now; readers are; I believe; disposed to treat with more
  than common severity those writers who have been led into presumption
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  by the approbation bestowed upon their diffidence; and into idleness and
  unconcern       by   the   praises    given    to  their  attention。〃     It   would     not   be
  possible  to   say  a   smaller   thing   with   greater   dignity  and   gentleness。   It   is
  worth     while    to   quote    this  prose    of  a   〃poet〃    who    lived   between      the
  centuries; if only in order to suggest the chastening thought; 〃It is a pity
  that no one; however little he may have to say; says it now in this form!〃
  The little; so long as it is reasonable; is so well suited in this antithesis and
  logic。     Is there no hope that journalism will ever take again these graces
  of    unanswerable        argument?       No:      they     would     no   longer     wear    the
  peculiar aspect of adult innocence that was Crabbe's。
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  A COUNTERCHANGE
  〃Il s'est trompe de defunte。〃          The writer of this phrase had his sense
  of that portly manner of French; and his burlesque is fine; butthe paradox
  must be riskedbecause he was French he was not able to possess all its
  grotesque   mediocrity   to   the   full;   that   is   reserved   for   the   English   reader。
  The   words   are   in   the   mouth   of   a   widower   who;   approaching   his   wife's
  tomb; perceives there another 〃monsieur。〃              〃Monsieur;〃 again; the French
  reader is deprived of the value of this word; too; in its place; it says little
  or   nothing   to   him;   whereas   the   Englishman;   who   has   no   word   of   the
  precise bourgeois significance that it sometimes bears; but who must use
  one   of   two   English   words   of   different   allusionman   or   I   gentleman
  knows the exact value of its commonplace。                  The serious Parisian; then;
  sees 〃un autre monsieur;〃 as it proves anon; there had been a divorce in
  the history of the lady; but the later widower is not yet aware of this; and
  explains to himself the presence of 〃un monsieur〃 in his own place by that
  weighty phrase; 〃Il s'est trompe de defunte。〃
  The strange effect of a thing so charged with allusion and with national
  character is to cause an English reader to pity the mocking author who was
  debarred   by   his   own   language   from   possessing   the   whole   of   his   own
  comedy。       It   is;  in   fact;  by  contrast   with   his   English   that   an   Englishman
  does     possess     it。   Your     official;   your    professional      Parisian    has    a
  vocabulary       of  enormous;      unrivalled     mediocrity。      When      the   novelist
  perceives this he does not perceive it all; because some of the words are
  the only words in use。        Take an author at his serious moments; when he is
  not   at   all   occupied   with   the   comedy   of   phrases;   and   he   now   and   then
  touches   a   word     that   has  its   burlesque   by   mere   contrast   with    English。
  〃L'Histoire d'un Crime;〃 of Victor Hugo; has so many of these touches as
  to be;  by a   kind of   reflex action;  a very  school of   English。          The   whole
  incident of the omnibus in that grave work has unconscious international
  comedy。       The Deputies seated in the interior of the omnibus had been; it
  will be remembered; shut out of their Chamber by the perpetrator of the
  Coup     d'Etat;   but   each   had   his  official   scarf。  Scarfpish!〃l'echarpe!〃
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  〃Ceindre       l'echarpe〃there       is   no    real    English     equivalent。        Civic
  responsibility  never  was   otherwise   adequately  expressed。                An   indignant
  deputy passed his scarf through the window of the omnibus; as an appeal
  to   the   public;   〃et   l'agita。〃   It   is   a   pity   that   the   French   reader;   having   no
  simpler word; is not in a position to understand the slight burlesque。                    Nay;
  the mere word 〃public;〃 spoken with this peculiar French good faith; has
  for us I know not what untransferable gravity。
  There     is;  in   short;   a   general    international     counterchange。         It   is
  altogether     in   accordance      with   our   actual   state  of   civilization;    with   its
  extremely 〃specialized〃 manner of industry; that one people should make a
  phrase;   and   another   should   have   and   enjoy   it。       And;   in   fact;   there   are
  certain French authors to whom should be secured the use of the literary
  German whereof Germans; and German women in particular; ought with
  all severity to be deprived。          For Germans often tell you of words in their
  own   tongue   that   are   untranslatable;   and   accordingly   they   should   not   be
  translated;   but   given   over   in   their   own   conditions;   unaltered;   into   safer
  hands。      There   would   be   a   clearing   of   the   outlines   of   German   ideas;   a
  better    order   in  the   phrase;    the  possessors      of  an   alien  word;    with    the
  thought it secures; would find also their advantage。
  So with French humour。            It is expressly and signally for English ears。
  It is so even in the commonest farce。                The unfortunate householder; for
  example;   who   is   persuaded   to   keep   walking   in   the   conservatory   〃pour
  retablir la circulation;〃 and the other who describes himself 〃sous…chef de
  bureau dans l'enregistrement;〃 and he who proposes to 〃faire hommage〃 of
  a doubtful turbot to the neighbouring 〃employe de l'octroi〃these and all
  their like speak commonplaces so usual as to lose in their own country the
  perfection of their dulness。          We only; who have the alternative of plainer
  and fresher words; understand it。             It is not the least of the advantages of
  our own dual English that we become sensible of the mockery of certain
  phrases that in France have lost half their ridicule; uncontrasted。
  Take again the common rhetoric that has fixed itself in conversation in
  all   Latin   languagesrhetoric        that   has   ceased    to  have    allusions;    either
  majestic or comic。         To the ear somewhat unused to French this proffers a
  frequent comedy that the well…accustomed ear; even of an Englishman; no
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  longer detects。        A guard on a French railway; who advised two travellers
  to take   a   certain train   for  fear   they  should be   obliged   to   〃vegeter〃   for   a
  whole hour in the waiting…room of such   or such a station seemed to   the
  less practised tourist to be a fresh kind of unexpected humourist。
  One     of   the   phrases    always     used    in  the   business     of  charities    and
  subscriptions in France has more than the intentional comedy of the farce…
  writer; one of the most absurd of his personages; wearying his visitors in
  the country with a perpetual game of bowls; says to them:                       〃Nous jouons
  cinquante       centimesles       benefices      seront    verses     integralement        e  la
  souscription qui est   ouverte e la   commune pour la  construction de notre
  maison d'ecole。〃
  〃Fletrir;〃 again。       Nothing could be more rhetorical than this perfectly
  common word of controversy。                The comic dramatist is well aware of the
  spent   violence   of   this   phrase;   with   which   every   serious