第 10 节
作者:绝对零度      更新:2023-08-28 11:37      字数:9321
  them simple; has not abstained from making them cunning。 Their vanities
  are well enough; but these women are not only vain; they are so envious as
  to   refuse   admiration   to   a   sister…in…lawone   who   is   their   rival   in   no   way
  except   in   so   much     as   she   is   a  contemporary   beauty。     〃Miss     Arabella
  Wilmot;〃 says the pious father and vicar; 〃was allowed by all (except my
  two daughters) to be completely pretty。〃
  They have been left by their father in such brutal ignorance as to be
  instantly    deceived     into   laughing    at  bad   manners      in  error  for   humour。
  They have no pretty or sensitive instincts。               〃The jests of the rich;〃 says
  the   Vicar;   referring   to   his   own   young   daughters   as   audience;   〃are   ever
  successful。〃      Olivia; when the squire played off a dullish joke; 〃mistook it
  for  humour。      She thought   him;  therefore;  a  very  fine  gentleman。〃             The
  powders and patches for the country church; the ride thither on Blackberry;
  in so strange a procession; the face…wash; the dreams and omens; are all
  good gentle comedy; we are completely convinced of the tedium of Mrs。
  Primrose's   dreams;   which   she   told   every   morning。         But   there   are   other
  points of comedy that ought not to precede an author's appeal to the kind
  of   sentiment   about   to   be   touched   by   the   tragic   scenes   of   The   Vicar   of
  Wakefield。
  In odd sidling ways Goldsmith bethinks himself to give his principal
  heroine a shadow of the virtues he has not bestowed upon her。                     When the
  unhappy Williams; above…mentioned; has been used in vain by Olivia; and
  the squire has not declared himself; and she is on the point of keeping her
  word to Williams by marrying him; the Vicar creates a situation out of it
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  all that takes the reader roundly by surprise:                〃I frequently applauded her
  resolution in preferring happiness to ostentation。〃                  The good Goldsmith!
  Here is Olivia perfectly frank with her father as to her exceedingly sincere
  preference for ostentation; and as to her stratagem to try to obtain it at the
  expense of honour and of neighbour Williams; her mind is as well known
  to   her   father   as   her   father's   mind   is   known   to   Oliver   Goldsmith;   and   as
  Oliver   Goldsmith's;  Dr。  Primrose's;   and   Olivia's   minds   are   known   to   the
  reader。     And in spite of all; your Goldsmith and your Vicar turn you this
  phrase to your very face。            You hardly know which way to look; it is so
  disconcerting。
  Seeing that Olivia (with her chance…recovered virtue) and Sophia may
  both be expected to grow into the kind of matronhood represented by their
  mother; it needs all the conditions of fiction to surround the close of their
  love…affairs with the least semblance of dignity。 Nor; in fact; can it be said
  that   the   final   winning   of   Sophia   is   an   incident   that   errs   by   too   much
  dignity。      The   scene   is   that   in   which   Burchell;   revealed   as   Sir   William
  Thornhill;      feigns    to  offer   her   in  marriage     to   the   good…natured       rogue;
  Jenkinson; fellow prisoner with her father; in order that; on her indignant
  and   distressed   refusal;  he   may  surprise   her   agreeably  by  crying;   〃What?
  Not   have   him?       If   that   be   the   case;   I   think   I   must   have   you   myself。〃
  Even   for   an   avowedly   eccentric   master   of   whims;   this   is   playing   with
  forbidden   ironies。        True;   he   catches   her   to   his   breast   with   ardour;   and
  calls    her   〃sensible。〃     〃Such      sense   and    such    heavenly     beauty;〃    finally
  exclaims   the   happy   man。         Let   us   make   him   a   present   of   the   heavenly
  beauty。      It is the only thing not disproved; not dispraised; not disgraced;
  by a candid study of the Ladies of the Idyll。
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  A DERIVATION
  By what obscure cause; through what ill…directed industry; and under
  the constraint of what disabling hands; had the language of English poetry
  grown; for an age; so rigid that a natural writer at the end of the eighteenth
  century had much ado to tell a simple story in sufficient verse?                       All the
  vital exercise of the seventeenth century had left the language buoyant; it
  was as elastic as deep and mobile waters; then followed the grip of that
  incapacitating   later   style。   Much   later;   English   has   been   so   used   as   to
  become   flaccidit   has   been   stretched;   as   it   were;   beyond   its   power   of
  rebound;   or   certainly   beyond   its   power   of   rebound   in   common   use   (for
  when a master writes he always uses a tongue that has suffered nothing)。 It
  is in our own day that English has been so over…strained。                   In Crabbe's day
  it had been effectually curbed; hindered; and hampered; and it cannot be
  said   of   Crabbe   that   he   was   a   master   who   takes   natural   possession   of   a
  language   that   has   suffered   nothing。        He   was   evidently   a   man   of   talent
  who had to take his part with the times; subject to history。                   To call him a
  poet was   a mere   convention。 There seems   to be   not   a single   moment   of
  poetry in his work; and assuredly if he had known the earlier signification
  of the word he would have been the last man to claim the incongruous title
  of    poet。   But   it  is  impossible     to  state   the   question    as   it  would    have
  presented itself to Crabbe or to any other writer of his quality entering into
  the same inheritance of English。
  It   is  true   that   Crabbe      read   and    quoted     Milton;     so   did   all   his
  contemporaries;   and   to   us   now   it   seems   that   poetry   cannot   have   been
  forgotten   by   any   age   possessing   Lycidas。         Yet   that   age   can   scarcely   be
  said to have in any true sense possessed Lycidas。                  There are other things;
  besides poetry; in Milton's poems。             We do not entirely know; perhaps; but
  we     can   conjecture     how    a   reader   in   Crabbe's     late  eighteenth     century;
  looking in Milton for authority for all that he unluckily and vainly admired;
  would      well   find   it。  He     would     find  the   approval     of   Young's     〃Night
  Thoughts〃   did   he   search   for   it;  as   we   who   do   not   search   for  it   may   not
  readily   understand。        A   step   or   so   downwards;   from   a   few   passages   in
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  〃Paradise      Lost〃     and   〃Paradise     Regained;〃       an   inevitable     drop    in  the
  derivation; a depression such as is human; and everything; from Dryden to
  〃The   Vanity   of   Human   Wishes;〃   follows;   without   violence   and   perhaps
  without   wilful   misappreciation。          The   poet   Milton   fathered;   legitimately
  enough; an unpoetic posterity。            Milton; therefore; who might have kept an
  age;   and   many   a   succeeding   age;   on   the   heights   of   poetry   by   lines   like
  these …
  Who sing and singing in their glory move …
  by  this;   and   by   many   and   many   another   so   divineMilton   justified
  also the cold excesses of his posterity  by the example of more than one
  group of blank verse lines in his greatest poem。                  Manifestly the sanction
  is a matter of choice; and depends upon the age:                  the age of Crabbe found
  in Milton such ancestry as it was fit for。
  Crabbe; then; was not a poet of poetry。               But he came into possession
  of a metrical form charged by secondary poets with a contented second…
  class   dignity   that   bears   constant   reference;   in   the   way   of   respect   rather
  than of imitation; to the state and nobility of Pope at his bestthe couplet。
  The   weak   yet   rigid   〃poetry〃   that   fell   to   his   lot   owed   all   the   decorum   it
  possessed        to   the    mechanical       defences      and     propsthe      exclusions
  especiallyof this manner of versification。               The grievous thing was that;
  being   moved   to   write   simply   of   simple   things;   he   had   no   more   supple
  English      for   his   purpose。      His     effort   to  disengage      the    phraselong