第 9 节
作者:绝对零度      更新:2023-08-28 11:37      字数:9322
  violence of the rich。
  It  is  the  merry    beggar    who    has   so  lamentably      disappeared。     If   a
  beggar is still merry anywhere; he hides away what it would so cheer and
  comfort     us   to  see;  he   practises   not  merely    the   conventional     seeming;
  which is hardly intended to convince; but a more subtle and dramatic kind
  of semblance; of no good influence upon the morals of the road。                      He no
  longer trusts the world with a sight of his gaiety。 He is not a wholehearted
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  mendicant; and no longer keeps that liberty of unstable balance whereby
  an unattached creature can go in a new direction with a new wind。                          The
  merry beggar was the only adventurer free to yield to the lighter touches
  of chance; the touches that a habit of resistance has made imperceptible to
  the seated and stable social world。
  The   visible   flitting    figure   of  the   unfettered     madman      sprinkled     our
  literature with mad songs; and even one or two poets of to…day have; by
  tradition;    written    them;    but   that   wild    source    of  inspiration     has   been
  stopped;      it  has   been    built  over;    lapped    and    locked;    imprisoned;      led
  underground。        The light melancholy and the wind…blown joys of the song
  of   the   distraught;   which   the   poets   were   once   ingenious   to   capture;   have
  ceased to sound one note of liberty in the world's ears。                  But it seems that
  the grosser and saner freedom of the happy beggar is still the subject of a
  Spanish song。
  That song is gay; not defiant it is not an outlaw's or a robber's; it is not
  a song of violence or fear。           It is the random trolling note of a man who
  owes   his   liberty   to   no   disorder;   failure;   or   ill…   fortune;   but   takes   it   by
  choice   from   the   voluntary   world;   enjoys   it   at   the   hand   of   unreluctant
  charity;   who   twits   the   world   with   its   own   choice   of   bonds;   but   has   not
  broken his own by force。            It seems; therefore; the song of an indomitable
  liberty of movement; light enough for the puffs of a zephyr chance。
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  THE LADIES OF THE IDYLL
  Little Primrose dames of the English classic; the wife and daughters of
  the Vicar of Wakefield have no claim whatever to this name of lady。                      It is
  given to them in this page because Goldsmith himself gave it to them in
  the yet undepreciated state of the word; and for the better reason that he
  obviously intended them to be the equals of the men to whom he marries
  them; those men being; with all their faults; gentlemen。                  Goldsmith; in a
  word; meant them  to be ladies;  of country breeding; but certainly fit   for
  membership of that large class of various fortune within which the name
  makes a sufficient equality。
  He;   their   author;   thought   them   sufficient。      Having   amused   himself
  ingeniously throughout the story with their nameless vulgarities; he finally
  hurries   them   into   so   much   sentiment   as   may   excuse   the   convention   of
  heroes   in   love。   He   plays   with   their   coarseness   like   a   perfectly   pleased
  and clever showman; and then piously and happily shuts up his couples
  the   gentle   Dr。   Primrose   with   his   abominable   Deborah;   the   excellent   Mr。
  Burchell with the paltry Sophia; Olivia but no; Olivia is not so certainly
  happy ever   after;   she   has   a   captured husband ready  for   her   in   a   state   of
  ignominy;       but   she    has   also   a   forgotten    farmer     somewhere       in   the
  backgroundthe   unhappy   man   whom;   with   her   father's   permission;   this
  sorry heroine had promised to marry in order that his wooing might pluck
  forward the lagging suit of the squire。
  Olivia; then; plays her common trick upon the harmless Williams; her
  father conniving; with a provision that he urges with some demonstration
  of virtue:     she shall consent to make the farmer happy if the proposal of
  the   squire   be   not   after   all   forthcoming。  But   it   is   so   evident   her   author
  knew no better; that this matter may pass。 It involves a point of honour; of
  which   no   oneneither   the   maker   of   the   book   nor   anyone   he   madeis
  aware。      What is better worth considering is the fact that Goldsmith was
  completely aware of the unredeemed vulgarity of the ladies of the Idyll;
  and   cheerfully   took   it   for   granted   as   the   thing   to   be   expected   from   the
  mother…in…law   of   a   country   gentleman   and   the   daughters   of   a   scholar。
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  The education of women had sunk into a degradation never reached before;
  inasmuch as it was degraded in relation to that of men。                    It would matter
  little   indeed   that   Mrs。   Primrose   〃could   read   any   English   book   without
  much      spelling〃    if  her  husband      and   son   were    as  definitely    limited    to
  journeyman's   field…labour   as   she   was   to   the  pickling   and   the  gooseberry
  wine。     Any of those industries is a better and more liberal business than
  unselect reading; for instance; or than unselect writing。                 Therefore let me
  not be misunderstood to complain too indiscriminately of that century or
  of an unlettered state。 What is really unhandsome is the new; slovenly; and
  corrupt inequality whereinto the century had fallen。
  That   the   mother   of   daughters   and   sons   should   be   fatuous;   a   village
  worldling;  suspicious;   ambitious;   ill…bred;  ignorant;   gross;   insolent;   foul…
  mouthed;       pushing;      importunate;      and    a   fool;   seems     natural;    almost
  innocently natural; in Goldsmith's story; the squalid Mrs。 Primrose is all
  this。    He is still able; through his Vicar; in the most charmingly humorous
  passage      in  the   book;    to  praise   her   for   her  〃prudence;      economy;      and
  obedience。〃       Her other; more disgusting; characteristics give her husband
  an   occasion   for   rebuking   her   as   〃Woman!〃         This   is   done;   for   example;
  when; despite her obedience; she refuses to receive that unlucky schemer;
  her own daughter; returned in ruins; without insulting her by the sallies of
  a kitchen sarcasm。
  She   plots   with   her  daughters   the   most   disastrous   fortune   hunt。       She
  has given them a teaching so effectual that the Vicar has no fear lest the
  paltry Sophia should lose her heart to the good; the sensible Burchell; who
  had saved her life; for he has no fortune。 Mrs。 Primrose begins grotesquely;
  with her tedious histories of the dishes at dinner; and she ends upon the
  last page; anxious; amid the general happiness; in regard to securing the
  head   of   the   table。   Upon   these   feminine   humours   the   author   sheds   his
  Vicar's indulgent smile。         What a smile for a self…respecting husband to be
  pricked     to   smile!    A   householder       would     wince;    one   would     think;   at
  having opportunity to bestow its tolerance upon his cook。
  Between   these   two   housewifely   appearances;   Mrs。   Primrose   potters
  through the book; plotsalways squalidly; talks the worst kinds of folly;
  takes the lead; with a loud laugh; in insulting a former friend; crushes her
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  repentant daughter with reproaches that show envy rather than indignation;
  and   kisses   that   daughter   with   congratulation   upon   hearing   that   she   had;
  unconsciously   and   unintentionally;   contracted   a   valid   marriage   (with   a
  rogue);   spoils   and   makes   common   and   unclean   everything   she   touches;
  has but two really  gentle and tender   moments all   through the story;   and
  sets;    once   for   all;  the  example      in  literature   of   the  woman      we    find
  thenceforth;   in   Thackeray;   in   Douglas   Jerrold;   in   Dickens;   and   un   peu
  partout。
  Hardly less unspiritual; in spite of their conventional romance of youth
  and beauty; are the daughters of the squalid one。                 The author; in making
  them simple; has not abstained from making them cunning。 Their vanities
  are well enough; but these women are not on