第 8 节
作者:绝对零度      更新:2023-08-28 11:37      字数:9322
  from   the   test   of   the   foot   came   the   ultimate   test   of   the   thinker: 〃Is   it
  accepted of Song?〃
  The monastery; in like manner; holds its sons to little trivial rules of
  time and exactitude; not to be broken; laws that are made secure against
  the restlessness of the heart fretting for insignificant libertiestrivial laws
  to   restrain   from   a   trivial   freedom。    And   within   the   gate   of   these   laws
  which seem so small; lies the world of mystic virtue。                   They enclose; they
  imply; they lock; they answer for it。              Lesser virtues may flower in daily
  liberty   and   may   flourish   in   prose;   but   infinite   virtues   and   greatness   are
  compelled to the measure of poetry; and obey the constraint of an hourly
  convent bell。       It is no wonder that every poet worthy the name has had a
  passion   for   metre;   for   the   very  verse。    To   him  the  difficult   fetter   is   the
  condition of an interior range immeasurable。
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  HAVE PATIENCE; LITTLE
  SAINT
  Some considerable time must have gone by since any kind of courtesy
  ceased; in England; to be held necessary in the course of communication
  with a beggar。      Feeling may be humane; and the interior act most gentle;
  there   may   be   a   tacit   apology;   and   a   profound   misgiving   unexpressed;   a
  reluctance   not   only   to   refuse   but   to   be   arbiter;   a  dislike   of   the   office;   a
  regret; whether  for  the  unequal distribution   of social   luck or   for  a  purse
  left   at   home;   equally   sincere;   howbeit   custom   exacts   no   word   or   sign;
  nothing whatever of intercourse。          If a dog or a cat accosts you; or a calf in
  a field comes close to you with a candid infant face and breathing nostrils
  of investigation; or if any kind of animal comes to you on some obscure
  impulse   of   friendly   approach;   you   acknowledge   it。      But   the   beggar   to
  whom you give nothing expects no answer to a question; no recognition of
  his presence; not so much as the turn of your eyelid in his direction; and
  never a word to excuse you。
  Nor does this blank behaviour seem savage to those who are used to
  nothing else。     Yet it is somewhat more inhuman to refuse an answer to the
  beggar's   remark   than   to   leave   a   shop   without   〃Good   morning。〃   When
  complaint is made of the modern social mannerthat it has no merit but
  what is negative; and that it is apt even to abstain from courtesy with more
  lack of grace than the abstinence absolutely requiresthe habit of manner
  towards beggars is probably not so much as thought of。                   To the simply
  human eye; however; the prevalent manner towards beggars is a striking
  thing; it is significant of so much。
  Obviously it is not easy to reply to begging except by the intelligible
  act of giving。     We have not the ingenuous simplicity that marks the caste
  answering more or less to that of Vere de Vere; in Italy; for example。                An
  elderly   Italian   lady   on  her   slow   way   from    her  own    ancient   ancestral
  palazzo to the village; and accustomed to meet; empty…handed; a certain
  number   of   beggars;   answers   them   by   a   retort   which   would   be;   literally
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  translated; 〃Excuse me; dear; I; too; am a poor devil;〃 and the last word
  she naturally puts into the feminine。
  Moreover;   the   sentence   is   spoken   in   all   the   familiarity   of   the   local
  dialecta   dialect   that   puts   any   two   people   at   once   upon   equal   terms   as
  nothing else can do it。           Would it were possible to present the phrase to
  English      readers    in  all  its  own     helpless    good…humour。         The     excellent
  woman   who   uses   it   is   practising   no   eccentricity   thereby;   and   raises   no
  smile。     It   is   only   in   another   climate;   and   amid   other   manners;   that   one
  cannot   recall   it   without   a   smile。     To   a   mind   having   a   lively   sense   of
  contrast      it  is  not    a   little  pleasant     to   imagine      an   elderly    lady    of
  corresponding   station   in   England   replying   so   to   importunities   for   alms;
  albeit we have nothing answering to the good fellowship of a broad patois
  used currently by rich and poor; and yet slightly grotesque in the case of
  all speakersa dialect in which; for example; no sermon is ever preached;
  and in which no book is ever printed; except for fun; a dialect 〃familiar;
  but by no means vulgar。〃             Besides; even if our Englishwoman could by
  any possibility bring herself to say to a mendicant; 〃Excuse me; dear;   I;
  too; am a poor devil;〃 she would still not have the opportunity of putting
  the   last   word   punctually   into   the   feminine;   which   does   so   complete   the
  character of the sentence。
  The phrase at the head of this paper is the far more graceful phrase of
  excuse customary in the courteous manners of Portugal。                      And everywhere
  in   the   South;   where   an   almost   well…dressed   old   woman;   who   suddenly
  begins     to   beg   from     you   when     you    least   expected     it;  calls   you   〃my
  daughter;〃 you can hardly  reply without kindness。                     Where the tourist is
  thoroughly   well   known;   doubtless   the   company   of   beggars   are   used   to
  savage manners in the rich; but about the byways and remoter places there
  must still be some dismay at the anger; the silence; the indignation; and the
  inexpensive        haughtiness      wherewith       the  opportunity       of  alms…giving       is
  received by travellers。
  In    nothing     do   we    show     how    far   the   West    is  from    the   East    so
  emphatically   as   we   show   it   by   our   lofty   ways   towards   those   who   so
  manifestly put themselves at our feet。                It is certainly not pleasant to see
  them   there;   but   silence   or   a   storm   of   impersonal   protesta   protest   that
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  appeals vaguely less to the beggars than to some not impossible police
  does not seem the most appropriate manner of rebuking them。                      We have;
  it may be; a scruple on the point of human dignity; compromised by the
  entreaty and the thanks of the mendicant;   but we have   a strange way  of
  vindicating   that   dignity   when   we   refuse   to   man;   woman;   or   child   the
  recognition      of  a  simply   human      word。    Nay;    our   offence   is  much     the
  greater of the two。       It is not merely a rough and contemptuous intercourse;
  it is the refusal of intercoursethe last outrage。            How do we propose to
  redress those conditions of life that annoy us when a brother whines; if we
  deny the presence; the voice; and the being of this brother; and if; because
  fortune has refused him money; we refuse him existence?
  We take the matter too seriously; or not seriously enough; to hold it in
  the indifference of the wise。         〃Have patience; little saint;〃 is a phrase that
  might teach us the cheerful way to endure our own unintelligible fortunes
  in the midst; say; of the population of a hill…village among the most barren
  of the Maritime Alps; where huts of stone stand among the stones of an
  unclothed earth; and there is no sign of daily bread。                The people; albeit
  unused to travellers; yet know by instinct what to do; and beg without the
  delay of a moment as soon as they see your unwonted figure。                       Let it be
  taken for granted that you give all you can; some form of refusal becomes
  necessary at last; and the gentlestit is worth while to remember is the
  most     effectual。    An     indignant    tourist;   one   who    to  the   portent    of  a
  puggaree       which;    perhaps;     he   wears    on   a   grey    day;   adds    that   of
  ungovernable   rage;   is   so   wild   a  visitor  that   no   attempt   at   all   is   made   to
  understand       him;     and    the   beggars     beg    dismayed       but    unalarmed;
  uninterruptedly;      without    a  pause    or  a  conjecture。     They     beg   by   rote;
  thinking   of   something   else;   as   occasion   arises;   and   all   indifferent   to   the
  violence of the rich。
  It  is  the  merry    beggar    who    has   so  lamentably      disappear