第 3 节
作者:绝对零度      更新:2023-08-28 11:37      字数:9321
  fever;〃 because she is not well; 〃but why should D escape it; pray?〃                      And
  Mrs。 Dingley is rebuked for her tale of a journey from Dublin to Wexford。
  〃I doubt; Madam Dingley; you are apt to lie in your travels; though not so
  bad    as   Stella;   she   tells  thumpers。〃       Stella    is  often   reproved     for   her
  spelling;   and   Mrs。   Dingley   writes   much   the   better   hand。        But   she   is   a
  puzzle…headed woman; like   another。              〃What do   you mean   by  my  fourth
  letter; Madam Dinglibus?             Does not Stella say  you had my fifth; goody
  Blunder?〃       〃Now;      Mistress     Dingley;    are   you   not   an  impudent      slut  to
  except a letter next packet?           Unreasonable baggage!            No; little Dingley;
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  I am always in bed by twelve; and I take great care of myself。〃                      〃You are
  a pretending slut; indeed; with your ‘fourth' and ‘fifth' in the margin; and
  your ‘journal' and everything。           O Lord; never saw the like; we shall never
  have     done。〃     〃I   never    saw   such    a  letter;  so  saucy;    so   journalish;    so
  everything。〃       Swift is insistently grateful for their inquiries for his health。
  He   pauses      seriously   to   thank   them   in    the  midst   of   his  prattle。    Both
  women MDare rallied on their politics:                 〃I have a fancy that Ppt is a
  Tory; I fancy she looks like one; and D a sort of trimmer。〃
  But it is for Dingley separately that Swift endured a wild bird in his
  lodgings。      His   man   Patrick   had   got   one   to   take   over   to   her   in   Ireland。
  〃He keeps it in a closet; where it makes a terrible litter; but I say nothing; I
  am as tame as a clout。〃
  Forgotten Dingley; happy in this; has not had to endure the ignominy;
  in a hundred essays; to be retrospectively offered to Swift as an unclaimed
  wife; so far so good。         But two hundred years is long for her to have gone
  stripped of so radiant a glory as is hers by right。               〃Better; thanks to MD's
  prayers;〃 wrote the immortal man who loved her; in a private fragment of
  a journal; never meant for Dingley's eyes; nor for Ppt's; nor for any human
  eyes;   and   the   rogue   Stella   has   for   two   centuries   stolen   all   the   credit   of
  those prayers; and all the thanks of that pious benediction。
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  SOLITUDE
  The wild man is alone at will; and so is the man for whom civilization
  has   been   kind。    But   there   are   the   multitudes   to   whom   civilization   has
  given little but its reaction; its rebound; its chips; its refuse; its shavings;
  sawdust and waste; its failures; to them solitude is a right foregone or a
  luxury   unattained;   a   right   foregone;   we   may   name   it;   in   the   case   of   the
  nearly savage;  and a luxury unattained in the case   of the   nearly  refined。
  These has the movement of the world thronged together into some blind
  by…way。
  Their share in the enormous solitude which is the common; unbounded;
  and virtually illimitable possession of all mankind has lapsed; unclaimed。
  They   do   not   know   it   is   theirs。 Of   many   of   their   kingdoms   they   are
  ignorant; but of this most ignorant。          They have not guessed that they own
  for   every   man   a   space   inviolate;   a   place   of   unhidden   liberty   and   of   no
  obscure enfranchisement。           They do not claim even the solitude of closed
  corners; the narrow privacy of the lock and key; nor could they command
  so   much。     For   the   solitude   that   has   a   sky  and   a   horizon   they  know   not
  how to wish。
  It   lies  in   a  perpetual     distance。     England      has    leagues    thereof;
  landscapes; verge beyond verge; a thousand thousand places in the woods;
  and on uplifted hills。      Or rather; solitudes are not to be measured by miles;
  they    are  to  be   numbered      by   days。   They     are   freshly   and   freely   the
  dominion of every man for the day of his possession。                There is loneliness
  for innumerable solitaries。         As many days as there are in all the ages; so
  many solitudes are there for men。           This is the open house of the earth; no
  one is refused。 Nor is the space shortened or the silence marred because;
  one by one; men in multitudes have been alone there before。                   Solitude is
  separate experience。        Nay; solitudes are not to be numbered by days; but
  by men themselves。         Every man of the living and every man of the dead
  might have had his 〃privacy of light。〃
  It needs no park。      It is to be found in the merest working country; and
  a thicket may be as secret as a   forest。          It is not so difficult to get for a
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  time out of sight and earshot。           Even if your solitude be enclosed; it is still
  an open solitude; so there be 〃no cloister for the eyes;〃 and a space of far
  country or a cloud in the sky be privy to your hiding…place。                     But the best
  solitude does not hide at all。
  This the people who have drifted together into the streets live whole
  lives and never know。           Do they suffer from their deprivation of even the
  solitude of the hiding…place?             There are  many  who never have a  whole
  hour     alone。    They      live  in   reluctant    or  indifferent     companionship;        as
  people may in a boarding…house; by paradoxical choice; familiar with one
  another      and   not   intimate。     They     live   under    careless    observation      and
  subject to a vagabond curiosity。            Theirs is the involuntary and perhaps the
  unconscious loss which is futile and barren。
  One   knows   the   men;   and   the   many   women;   who   have   sacrificed   all
  their   solitude   to   the   perpetual   society   of   the   school;   the   cloister;   or   the
  hospital     ward。      They     walk    without     secrecy;     candid;    simple;    visible;
  without moods; unchangeable; in a constant communication and practice
  of   action   and   speech。     Theirs   assuredly   is   no   barren   or   futile   loss;   and
  they    have    a   conviction;     and    they   bestow     the   conviction;     of   solitude
  deferred。
  Who   has   painted   solitude   so   that   the   solitary   seemed   to   stand   alone
  and inaccessible?          There is the loneliness of the shepherdess in many a
  drawing of J。F。 Millet。          The little figure is away; aloof。 The girl stands so
  when the painter is gone。            She waits so on the sun for the closing of the
  hours of pasture。        Millet has her as she looks; out of sight。
  Now;   although   solitude   is   a   prepared;   secured;   defended;   elaborate
  possession of the rich; they too deny themselves the natural solitude of a
  woman with a child。            A newly…born child is so nursed and talked about;
  handled   and   jolted   and   carried   about   by   aliens;   and   there   is   so   much
  importunate   service   going   forward;   that   a   woman   is   hardly   alone   long
  enough      to  become      aware;    in   recollection;    how    her   own    blood     moves
  separately;  beside her;  with   another   rhythm  and   different pulses。               All is
  commonplace          until   the  doors    are   closed    upon    the   two。    This    unique
  intimacy   is   a   profound   retreat;   an   absolute   seclusion。        It   is   more   than
  single   solitude;   it   is   a   redoubled   isolation   more   remote   than   mountains;
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  safer than valleys; deeper than forests; and further than mid…sea。
  That solitude partakenthe only partaken solitude in the worldis the
  Point of Honour of ethics。            Treachery to that obligation and a betrayal of
  that confidence might well be held to be the least pardonable of all crimes。
  There is no innocent sleep so innocent as sleep shared between a woman
  and a child;   the little   breath hurrying   beside the   longer; as a child's foot
  runs。     But   the   favourite   crime   of   the   sentimentalist   is   that   of   a   woman
  against her child。        Her power; her intimacy; her opportunity; that should
  be her accusers; are held to excuse her。