第 1 节
作者:绝对零度      更新:2023-08-28 11:37      字数:9277
  The Spirit of Place and Other Essays
  The Spirit of Place and
  Other Essays
  by Alice Meynell
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  The Spirit of Place and Other Essays
  THE SPIRIT OF PLACE
  With   mimicry;   with   praises;   with   echoes;   or   with   answers;   the   poets
  have all but outsung the bells。            The inarticulate bell has found too much
  interpretation; too many rhymes professing to close with her inaccessible
  utterance; and to agree with her remote tongue。                  The bell; like the bird; is
  a musician pestered with literature。
  To   the   bell;   moreover;   men   do   actual   violence。        You   cannot   shake
  together a nightingale's notes; or strike or drive them into haste; nor can
  you   make   a   lark   toll   for   you   with   intervals   to   suit   your   turn;   whereas
  wedding…bells are compelled to seem gay by mere movement and hustling。
  I have known some grim bells; with not a single joyous note in the whole
  peal; so   forced to hurry  for   a human   festival;   with their harshness   made
  light of; as though the Bishop of Hereford had again been forced to dance
  in his boots by a merry highwayman。
  The clock is an inexorable but less arbitrary player than the bellringer;
  and the chimes await their appointed time to flywild prisonersby twos
  or   threes;    or  in  greater    companies。       Fugitives      one   or  twelve     taking
  wingthey   are   sudden;   they   are   brief;   they   are   gone;   they   are   delivered
  from   the   close   hands   of   this   actual   present。    Not   in   vain   is   the   sudden
  upper door opened against the sky; they are away; hours of the past。
  Of   all   unfamiliar   bells;   those   which   seem   to   hold   the   memory   most
  surely   after   but   one   hearing   are   bells   of   an   unseen   cathedral   of   France
  when one has arrived by night; they are no more to be forgotten than the
  bells    in  〃Parsifal。〃     They   mingle      with    the  sound     of  feet   in  unknown
  streets;   they  are   the   voices   of   an   unknown   tower;   they  are   loud   in   their
  own language。          The spirit of place; which is to be seen in the shapes of
  the   fields   and   the   manner   of   the   crops;   to   be   felt   in   a   prevalent   wind;
  breathed in the breath of the earth; overheard in a far street…cry or in the
  tinkle of some black…smith; calls out and peals in the cathedral bells。                        It
  speaks its local tongue remotely; steadfastly; largely; clamorously; loudly;
  and   greatly   by   these   voices;   you   hear   the   sound   in   its   dignity;   and   you
  know   how   familiar;   how   childlike;   how   lifelong   it   is   in   the   ears   of   the
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  The Spirit of Place and Other Essays
  people。      The bells are strange; and you know how homely they must be。
  Their utterances are; as it were; the classics of a dialect。
  Spirit   of   place!    It   is   for   this   we   travel;   to surprise   its   subtlety;   and
  where   it   is   a   strong   and   dominant   angel;   that   place;   seen   once;   abides
  entire in the memory with all its own accidents; its habits; its breath; its
  name。      It is recalled all a lifetime; having been perceived a week; and is
  not     scattered    but    abides;    one    living    body     of   remembrance。          The
  untravelled spirit of placenot to be pursued; for it never flies; but always
  to be discovered; never absent; without variationlurks in the by…ways and
  rules over the towers; indestructible; an indescribable unity。                    It awaits us
  always in its ancient and eager freshness。                It is sweet and nimble within
  its immemorial boundaries; but it never crosses them。                     Long white roads
  outside have mere suggestions of it and prophecies; they give promise not
  of its coming; for it abides; but of a new and singular and unforeseen goal
  for   our   present   pilgrimage;   and   of   an   intimacy   to   be   made。       Was   ever
  journey too hard or too long that had to pay such a visit?                   And if by good
  fortune   it   is   a   child   who   is   the   pilgrim;   the   spirit   of   place   gives   him   a
  peculiar welcome; for antiquity and the conceiver of antiquity (who is only
  a   child)    know    one    another;    nor   is  there   a  more    delicate    perceiver    of
  locality than a child。         He is well used to words and voices that he does
  not understand; and this is a condition of his simplicity; and when those
  unknown words are bells; loud in the night; they are to him as homely and
  as old as lullabies。
  If; especially in England; we make rough and reluctant bells go in gay
  measures; when we whip them to run down the scale to ring in a wedding…
  …bells that would step to quite another and a less agile march with a better
  gracethere are belfries that hold far sweeter companies。                     If there is no
  music   within   Italian   churches;   there   is   a   most   curious   local   immemorial
  music in many a campanile on the heights。                 Their way is for the ringers to
  play a tune on the festivals; and the tunes are not hymn tunes or popular
  melodies;   but   proper   bell…tunes;   made   for   bells。         Doubtless   they   were
  made in times better versed than ours in the sub…divisions of the arts; and
  better   able   to   understand   the   strength   that   lies   ready   in   the   mere   little
  submission   to   the   means   of   a   little   art;   and   to   the   limits   nay;   the   very
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  The Spirit of Place and Other Essays
  embarrassmentsof those   means。              If it   were but possible to give   here   a
  real   bell…tunewhich   cannot   be;   for   those   melodies   are   rather   longthe
  reader would understand how some village musician of the past used his
  narrow       means     as   a   composer       for   the   bells;   with    what     freshness;
  completeness; significance; fancy; and what effect of liberty。
  These   hamlet…bells   are   the   sweetest;   as   to   their   own   voices;   in   the
  world。      Then   I   speak   of   their   antiquity   I   use   the   word   relatively。   The
  belfries   are   no   older   than   the   sixteenth   or   seventeenth   century;   the   time
  when   Italy   seems   to   have   been   generally   rebuilt。       But;   needless   to   say;
  this is antiquity for music; especially in Italy。 At that time they must have
  had foundries for bells of tender voices; and pure; warm; light; and golden
  throats; precisely tuned。 The hounds of Theseus had not a more just scale;
  tuned in a peal; than a North Italian belfry holds in leash。                  But it does not
  send them out in a mere scale; it touches them in the order of the game of
  a charming melody。            Of all cheerful sounds made by man this is by far
  the    most    light…hearted。     You     do   not   hear   it  from    the  great    churches。
  Giotto's coloured tower in Florence; that carries the bells for Santa Maria
  del   Fiore   and   Brunelleschi's   silent   dome;   does   not   ring   more   than   four
  contralto   notes;   tuned   with   sweetness;   depth;   and   dignity;   and   swinging
  one musical phrase which softly fills the country。
  The   village   belfry   it   is   that   grows   so   fantastic   and   has   such   nimble
  bells。    Obviously it stands alone with its own village; and can therefore
  hear   its   own   tune   from   beginning   to   end。      There   are   no   other   bells   in
  earshot。     Other such dovecote…doors are suddenly set open to the cloud;
  on a festa morning; to let fly  those soft…voiced flocks; but the nearest is
  behind      one   of   many    mountains;       and   our   local   tune    is  uninterrupted。
  Doubtless   this   is   why   the   little;   secluded;   sequestered   art   of   composing
  melodies for bellscharming division of an art; having its own ends and
  means; and keeping its own wings for unfolding by lawdwells in these
  solitary places。       No tunes in a town would get this hearing; or would be
  made clear to the end of their frolic amid such a wide and lofty silence。
  Nor does every inner village of Italy hold a bell…tune of its own; the
  custom   is   Ligurian。       Nowhere   so   much   as   in   Genoa   does   the   nervous
  tourist complain of church bells in the morning; and in fact he is made to