ranscriptions；　as　far　as　wood　can　give　them；　of　the　original　copper…plates；　and；　this　being　the　case；　it　is　not　to　be　wondered　at　that　the　public；　who；　for　a　few　pence　can　have　practical　facsimiles　of　Blake；　of　Cruikshank；　or　of　Whistler；　are　loud　in　their　appreciation　of　the　〃new　American　School。〃　　Nor　are　its　successes　confined　to　reproduction　in　facsimile。　　Those　who　look　at　the　exquisite　illustrations；　in　the　same　periodical；　to　the　〃Tile　Club　at　Play；〃　to　Roe's　〃Success　with　Small　Fruits；〃　and　Harris's　〃Insects　Injurious　to　Vegetation；〃to　say　nothing　of　the　selected　specimens　in　the　recently　issued　〃Portfolios〃will　see　that　the　latest　comers　can　hold　their　own　on　all　fields　with　any　school　that　has　gone　before。　｛15｝
  Besides　copperplate　and　wood；　there　are　many　processes　which　have　been　and　are　still　employed　for　book…illustrations；　although　the　brief　limits　of　this　chapter　make　any　account　of　them　impossible。　Lithography　was　at　one　time　very　popular；　and；　in　books　like　Roberts's　〃Holy　Land；〃　exceedingly　effective。　　The　〃Etching　Club〃　issued　a　number　of　books　circa　1841…52；　and　most　of　the　work　of　〃Phiz〃　and　Cruikshank　was　done　with　the　needle。　　It　is　probable　that；　as　we　have　already　seen；　the　impetus　given　to　modern　etching　by　Messrs。　Hamerton；　Seymour　Haden；　and　Whistler；　will　lead　to　a　specific　revival　of　etching　as　a　means　of　book…illustration。　Already　beautiful　etchings　have　for　some　time　appeared　in　〃L'Art；〃　the　〃Portfolio；〃　and　the　〃Etcher；〃　and　at　least　one　book　of　poems　has　been　entirely　illustrated　in　this　way；the　poems　of　Mr。　W。　Bell　Scott。　　For　reproducing　old　engravings；　maps；　drawings；　and　the　like；　it　is　not　too　much　to　say　that　we　shall　never　get　anything　much　closer　than　the　facsimiles　of　M。　Amand…Durand　and　the　Typographic　Etching　and　Autotype　Companies。　　But　further　improvements　will　probably　have　to　be　made　before　these　can　compete　commercially　with　wood…engraving　as　practised　by　the　〃new　American　School。〃
  〃Of　making　many　books；〃　'twais　said；　〃There　is　no　end；〃　and　who　thereon　The　ever…running　ink　doth　shed　But　probes　the　words　of　Solomon：　Wherefore　we　now；　for　colophon；　From　London's　city　drear　and　dark；　In　the　year　Eighteen　Eight…One；　Reprint　them　at　the　press　of　Clark。
  A。　D。
  Footnotes：
  ｛1｝　　This　is　the　technical　name　for　people　who　〃illustrate〃　books　with　engravings　from　other　works。　　The　practice　became　popular　when　Granger　published　his　〃Biographical　History　of　England。〃
  ｛2｝　　Mr。　William　Blades；　in　his　〃Enemies　of　Books〃　（Trubner；　1880）；　decries　glass…doors；　〃the　absence　of　ventilation　will　assist　the　formation　of　mould。〃　　But　M。　Rouveyre　bids　us　open　the　doors　on　sunny　days；　that　the　air　may　be　renewed；　and；　close　them　in　the　evening　hours；　lest　moths　should　enter　and　lay　their　eggs　among　the　treasures。　　And；　with　all　deference　to　Mr。　Blades；　glass…doors　do　seem　to　be　useful　in　excluding　dust。
  ｛3｝　　〃Send　him　back　carefully；　for　you　can　if　you　like；　that　all　unharmed　he　may　return　to　his　own　place。〃
  ｛4｝　　No　wonder　the　books　are　scarce；　if　they　are　being　hacked　to　pieces　by　Grangerites。
  ｛5｝　　These　lines　appeared　in　〃Notes　and　Queries；〃　Jan。　8；　1881。
  ｛6｝　　In　the　Golden　Ass　of　Apuleius；　which　Polia　should　not　have　read。
  ｛7｝　　M。　Arsene　Houssaye　seems　to　think　he　has　found　them；　marked　on　the　fly…leaves　with　an　impression；　in　wax；　of　a　seal　engraved　with　the　head　of　Epicurus。
  ｛8｝　　This　chapter　was　written　by　Austin　Dobson。DP
  ｛9｝　　The　recent　Winter　Exhibition　of　the　Old　Masters　（1881）　contained　a　fine　display　of　Flaxman's　drawings；　a　large　number　of　which　belonged　to　Mr。　F。　T。　Palgrave。
  ｛10｝　　By　Mr。　Cosmo　Monkhouse。
  ｛11｝　　These　words　were　written　before　the　〃Art　Journal〃　had　published　its　programme　for　1881。　　From　this　it　appears　that　the　present　editor　fully　recognises　the　necessity　for　calling　in　the　assistance　of　the　needle。
  ｛12｝　　The　example；　here　copied　on　the　wood　by　M。　Lacour；　is　a　very　successful　reproduction　of　Clennell's　style。
  ｛13｝　　He　also　illustrated　the　〃Memoirs　of　Joseph　Grimaldi。〃　　But　this　was　simply　〃edited〃　by　〃Boz。〃
  ｛14｝　　The　reader　will　observe　that　this　volume　is　indebted　to　Mr。　Crane　for　its　beautiful　frontispiece。
  ｛15｝　　Since　this　paragraph　was　first　written　an　interesting　paper　on　the　illustrations　in　〃Scribner；〃　from　the　pen　of　Mr。　J。　Comyns　Carr；　has　appeared　in　〃L'Art。〃
  End