ennyson〃　of　1858　is　also　a　remarkable　production。　　The　Laureate；　almost　more　than　any　other；　requires　a　variety　of　illustrators；　and　here；　for　his　idylls；　he　had　Mulready　and　Millais；　and　for　his　romances　Rossetti　and　Holman　Hunt。　His　〃Princess〃　was　afterwards　illustrated　by　Maclise；　and　his　〃Enoch　Arden〃　by　Arthur　Hughes；　but　neither　of　these　can　be　said　to　be　wholly　adequate。　　The　〃Lalla　Rookh〃　of　John　Tenniel；　1860；　albeit　somewhat　stiff　and　cold；　after　this　artist's　fashion；　is　a　superb　collection　of　carefully　studied　oriental　designs。　　With　these　may　be　classed　the　illustrations　to　Aytoun's　〃Lays　of　the　Scottish　Cavaliers；〃　by　Sir　Noel　Paton；　which　have　the　same　finished　qualities　of　composition　and　the　same　academic　hardness。　　Several　good　editions　of　the　〃Pilgrim's　Progress〃　have　appeared；notably　those　of　C。　H。　Bennett；　J。　D。　Watson；　and　G。　H。　Thomas。　　Other　books　are　Millais's　〃Parables　of　our　Lord；〃　Leighton's　〃Romola；〃　Walker's　〃Philip〃　and　〃Denis　Duval；〃　the　〃Don　Quixote；〃　〃Dante；〃　〃La　Fontaine〃　and　other　works　of　Dore；　Dalziel's　〃Arabian　Nights；〃　Leighton's　〃Lyra　Germanica〃　and　〃Moral　Emblems；〃　and　the　〃Spiritual　Conceits〃　of　W。　Harry　Rogers。　　These　are　some　only　of　the　number；　which　does　not　include　books　like　Mrs。　Hugh　Blackburn's　〃British　Birds；〃　Wolf's　〃Wild　Animals；〃　Wise's　〃New　Forest；〃　Linton's　〃Lake　Country；〃　Wood's　〃Natural　History；〃　and　many　more。　　Nor　does　it　take　in　the　various　illustrated　periodicals　which　have　multiplied　so　freely　since；　in　1859；　〃Once　a　Week〃　first　began　to　attract　and　train　such　younger　draughtsmen　as　Sandys；　Lawless；　Pinwell；　Houghton；　Morten；　and　Paul　Grey；　some　of　whose　best　work　in　this　way　has　been　revived　in　the　edition　of　Thornbury's　〃Ballads　and　Songs；〃　recently　published　by　Chatto　and　Windus。　　Ten　years　later　came　the　〃Graphic；〃　offering　still　wider　opportunities　to　wood…cut　art；　and　bringing　with　it　a　fresh　school　of　artists。　　Herkomer；　Fildes；　Small；　Green；　Barnard；　Barnes；　Crane；　Caldecott；　Hopkins；　and　others；quos　nunc　perscribere　longum　esthave　contributed　good　work　to　this　popular　rival　of　the　older；　but　still　vigorous；　〃Illustrated。〃　　And　now　again；　another　promising　serial；　the　〃Magazine　of　Art；〃　affords　a　supplementary　field　to　modern　refinements　and　younger　energies。
  Not　a　few　of　the　artists　named　in　the　preceding　paragraph　have　also　earned　distinction　in　separate　branches　of　the　pictorial　art；　and　specially　in　that　of　humorous　design；a　department　which　has　always　been　so　richly　recruited　in　this　country　that　it　deserves　more　than　a　passing　mention。　　From　the　days　of　Hogarth　onwards　there　has　been　an　almost　unbroken　series　of　humorous　draughtsmen；　who；　both　on　wood　and　metal；　play　a　distinguished　part　in　our　illustrated　literature。　Rowlandson；　one　of　the　earliest；　was　a　caricaturist　of　inexhaustible　facility；　and　an　artist　who　scarcely　did　justice　to　his　own　powers。　He　illustrated　several　books；　but　he　is　chiefly　remembered　in　this　way　by　his　plates　to　Combe's　〃Three　Tours　of　Dr。　Syntax。〃　　Gillray；　his　contemporary；　whose　bias　was　political　rather　than　social；　is　said　to　have　illustrated　〃The　Deserted　Village〃　in　his　youth；　but　he　is　not　famous　as　a　book…illustrator。　　Another　of　the　early　men　was　Bunbury；　whom　〃quality〃…loving　Mr。　Walpole　calls　〃the　second　Hogarth；　and　first　imitator　who　ever　fully　equalled　his　original　（！）；〃　but　whose　prints　to　〃Tristram　Shandy；〃　are　nevertheless　completely　forgotten；　while；　if　he　be　remembered　at　all；　it　is　by　the　plate　of　〃The　Long　Minuet；〃　and　the　vulgar　〃Directions　to　Bad　Horsemen。〃　　With　the　first　years　of　the　century；　however；　appears　the　great　master　of　modern　humorists；　whose　long　life　ended　only　a　few　years　since；　〃the　veteran　George　Cruikshank〃as　his　admirers　were　wont　to　style　him。　　He　indeed　may　justly　be　compared　to　Hogarth；　since；　in　tragic　power　and　intensity　he　occasionally　comes　nearer　to　him　than　any　artist　of　our　time。　　It　is　manifestly　impossible　to　mention　here　all　the　more　important　efforts　of　this　indefatigable　worker；　from　those　far…away　days　when　he　caricatured　〃Boney〃　and　championed　Queen　Caroline；　to　that　final　frontispiece　for　〃The　Rose　and　the　Lily〃〃designed　and　etched　（according　to　the　inscription）　by　George　Cruikshank；　age　83；〃　but　the　plates　to　the　〃Points　of　Humour；〃　to　Grimm's　〃Goblins；〃　to　〃Oliver　Twist；〃　〃Jack　Sheppard；〃　Maxwell's　〃Irish　Rebellion；〃　and　the　〃Table　Book；〃　are　sufficiently　favourable　and　varied　specimens　of　his　skill　with　the　needle；　while　the　woodcuts　to　〃Three　Courses　and　a　Dessert；〃　one　of　which　is　here　given；　are　equally　good　examples　of　his　work　on　the　block。　　The　〃Triumph　of　Cupid；〃　which　begins　the　〃Table　Book；〃　is　an　excellent　instance　of　his　lavish　wealth　of　fancy；　and　it　contains　beside；　onenay　more　than　oneof　the　many　portraits　of　the　artist。　He　is　shown　en　robe　de　chambre；　smoking　（this　was　before　his　regenerate　days！）　in　front　of　a　blazing　fire；　with　a　pet　spaniel　on　his　knee。　　In　the　cloud　which　curls　from　his　lips　is　a　motley　procession　of　sailors；　sweeps；　jockeys；　Greenwich　pensioners；　Jew　clothesmen；　flunkies；　and　others　more　illustrious；　chained　to　the　chariot　wheels　of　Cupid；　who；　preceded　by　cherubic　acolytes　and　banner…bearers；　winds　round　the　top　of　the　picture　towards　an　altar　of　Hymen　on　the　table。　　When；　by　the　aid　of　a　pocket…glass；　one　has　mastered　these　swarming　figures；　as　well　as　those　in　the　foreground；　it　gradually　dawns　upon　one　that　all　the　furniture　is　strangely　vitalised。　　Masks　laugh　round　the　border　of　the　tablecloth；　the　markings　of　the　mantelpiece　resolve　themselves　into　rows　of　madly…　racing　figures；　the　tongs　leers　in　a　degage　and　cavalier　way　at　the　artist；　the　shovel　and　poker　grin　in　sympathy；　there　are　faces　in　the　smoke；　in　the　fire；　in　the　fireplace；the　very　fender　itself　is　a　ring　of　fantastic　creatures　who　jubilantly　hem　in　the　ashes。　　And　it　is　not　only　in　the　grotesque　and　fanciful　that　Cruikshank　excels；　he　is　master　of　the　strange；　the　supernatural；　and　the　terrible。　　In　range　of　character　（the　comparison　is　probably　a　hackneyed　one）；　both　by　his　gifts　and　his　limitations；　he　resembles　Dickens；　and　had　he　illustrated　more　of　that　writer's　works　the　resemblance　would　probably　have　been　more　evident。　　In　〃Oliver　Twist；〃　for　example；　where　Dickens　is　strong；　Cruikshank　is　strong；　where　Dickens　is　weak；　he　is　weak　too。　　His　Fagin；　his　Bill　Sikes；　his　Bumble；　and　their　following；　are　on　a　level　with　Dickens's　conceptions；　his　Monk　and　Rose　Maylie　are　as　poor　as　the　originals。　　But　as　the　defects　of　Dickens　are　overbalanced　by　his　merits；　so　Cruikshank's　strength　is　far　in　excess　of　his　weakness。　　It　is　not　to　his　melodramatic　heroes　or　wasp…waisted　heroines　that　we　must　look　for　his　triumphs；　it　is　to　his　delineations；　from　the　moralist's　point　of　view；　of　vulgarity　and　vice；of　the　〃rank　life　of　towns；〃　with　all　its　squalid　tragedy　and　comedy。　　Here　he　finds　his　strongest　ground；　and　possibly；　notwithstanding　his　powers　as　a　comic　artist　and　caricaturist；　his　loftiest　claim　to　recollection。
  Cruikshank　was　employed　on　two　only　of　Dickens's　books〃Oliver　Twist〃　and　the　〃Sketches　by　Boz。〃　｛13｝　　The　great　majority　of　them　were　illustrated　by　Hablot　K。　Browne；　an　artist　who　followed　the　ill…fated　Seymour　on　the　〃Pickwick　Papers。〃　　To　〃Phiz；〃　as　he　is　popularly　called；　we　are　indebted　for　our　pictorial　ideas　of　Sam　Weller；　Mrs。　Gamp；　Captain　Cuttle；　and　most　of　the　author's　characters；　down　to　the　〃Tale　of　Two　Cities。〃　　〃Phiz〃　also　illustrated　a　great　many　of　Lever's　novels；　for　which　his　skill　in　hunting　and　other　Lever…like　scenes　especially　qualified　him。
  With　the　name　of　Richard　Doyle　we　come　to　the　first　of　a　group　of　artists　whose　main　work　was；　or　is　still；　done　for　the　time…honoured　miscellany　of　Mr。　Punch。　　So　familiar　an　object　is　〃Punch〃　upon　our　tables；　that　one　is　sometimes　apt　to　forget　how　unfailing；　and　how　good　on　the　whole；　is　the　work　we　take　so　complacently　as　a　matter　of　course。　　And　of　this　good　work；　in　the　earlier　days；　a　large　proportion　was　done　by　Mr。　Doyle。　　He　is　still　living；　although　he　has　long　ceased　to　gladden　those　sprightly　pages。　　But　it　was　to　〃Punch〃　that　he　contributed　his　masterpiece；　the　〃Manners　and　Customs　of　ye　Englyshe；〃　a　series　of　outlines　illustrating　social　life　in　1849；　and　cleverly　commented　by　a　shadowy　〃Mr。　Pips；〃　a　sort　of　fetch　or　double　of　the　bustling　and　garrulous　old　Caroline　diarist。　　In　these　captivating　pictures　the　life　of　thirty　years　ago　is　indeed；　as　the　title…page　has　it；　〃drawn　from　ye　quick。〃　　We　see　the　Molesworths　and　Cantilupes　of　the　day　parading　the　Park；　we　watch　Brougham　fretting　at　a　hearing　in　the　Lords；　or　Peel　holding　forth　to　the　Commons　（where　the　Irish　members　are　already　obstructive）；　we　squeeze　in　at　the　Haymarket　to　listen　to　Jenny　Lind；　or　we　run　down　the　river　to　Greenwich　Fair；　and　visit　〃Mr。　Richardson；　his　show。〃　　Many　years　after；　in　the　〃Bird's　Eye　Views　of　Society；〃　which　appeared　in　the　early　numbers　of　the　〃Cornhill　Magazine；〃　Mr。　Doyle　returned　to　this　attractive　theme。　　But　the　later　designs　were　more　elaborate；　and　not　equally　fortunate。　　They　bear　the　same　relationship　to　Mr。　Pips's　pictorial　chronicle；　as　the　laboured　〃Temperance　Fairy　Tales〃　of　Cruikshank's　old　age　bear　to　the　little…worked　Grimm's　〃Goblins〃　of　his　youth。　　So　hazardous　is　t