第 45 节
作者:生在秋天      更新:2023-05-17 13:24      字数:9322
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  〃Ah; you are English!〃 exclaimed the landlord; brightening up。
  〃And      Monsieur       looks    tired;〃   added     the   bright    little   landlady。
  〃Monsieur will have supper。〃
  They   both   spoke   English   excellently;   nearly   as   well   as   they   spoke
  French and German; and they bustled about and made him comfortable。 At
  supper he sat next to me; and I talked to him。
  〃Tell me;〃 I saidI was curious on the subject〃what language was it
  you spoke when you first came in?〃
  〃German;〃 he explained。
  〃Oh;〃 I replied; 〃I beg your pardon。〃
  〃You did not understand it?〃 he continued。
  〃It must have been my fault;〃 I answered; 〃my knowledge is extremely
  limited。     One picks   up   a  little   here   and there   as   one goes   about;   but   of
  course that is a different thing。〃
  〃But THEY  did   not   understand   it;〃   he   replied;   〃the   landlord   and   his
  wife; and it is their own language。〃
  〃I do not think so;〃 I said。        〃The children hereabout speak German; it
  is   true;   and   our   landlord   and   landlady   know   German   to   a   certain   point。
  But throughout Alsace and Lorraine the old people still talk French。〃
  〃And I spoke to them in French also;〃 he added; 〃and they understood
  that no better。〃
  〃It is certainly very curious;〃 I agreed。
  〃It    is   more     than    curious;〃     he    replied;     〃in   my     case    it   is
  incomprehensible。         I   possess   a   diploma   for   modern   languages。       I   won
  my scholarship purely on the strength of my French and German。                           The
  correctness      of  my    construction;     the   purity   of  my    pronunciation;      was
  considered      at  my   college   to   be   quite   remarkable。      Yet;   when     I  come
  abroad hardly anybody understands a word I say。                 Can you explain it?〃
  〃I   think   I   can;〃   I   replied。 〃Your   pronunciation   is   too   faultless。 You
  remember   what   the   Scotsman   said   when   for   the   first   time   in   his   life   he
  tasted real whisky:        'It may be puir; but I canna drink it'; so it is with your
  German。       It   strikes   one   less   as   a   language   than   as   an   exhibition。 If   I
  might offer advice; I should say: Mispronounce as much as possible; and
  throw in as many mistakes as you can think of。〃
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  It   is   the   same     everywhere。        Each     country     keeps     a  special
  pronunciation exclusively for the use of foreignersa pronunciation they
  never dream of using themselves; that they cannot understand when it is
  used。    I   once  heard   an   English   lady  explaining   to   a   Frenchman   how   to
  pronounce the word Have。
  〃You will pronounce it;〃 said the lady reproachfully; 〃as if it were spelt
  H…a…v。     It isn't。  There is an 'e' at the end。〃
  〃But I thought;〃 said the pupil; 〃that you did not sound the 'e' at the
  end of h…a…v…e。〃
  〃No more you do;〃 explained his teacher。              〃It is what we call a mute
  'e'; but it exercises a modifying influence on the preceding vowel。〃
  Before that; he used to say 〃have〃 quite intelligently。 Afterwards; when
  he   came   to   the   word   he   would   stop dead;  collect his thoughts;  and   give
  expression to a sound that only the context could explain。
  Putting aside the sufferings of the early martyrs; few men; I suppose;
  have gone through more than I myself went through in trying to I attain
  the    correct   pronunciation     of   the  German      word    for  church〃Kirche。〃
  Long before I had done with it I had determined never to go to church in
  Germany; rather than be bothered with it。
  〃No; no;〃 my teacher would explainhe was a painstaking gentleman;
  〃you   say   it   as   if   it   were   spelt   K…i…r…c…h…k…e。 There   is   no   k。 It   is。〃
  And he would illustrate to me again; for the twentieth time that morning;
  how it should be pronounced; the sad thing being that I could never for the
  life of me detect any difference between the way he said it and the way I
  said it。   So he would try a new method。
  〃You say it from your throat;〃 he would explain。              He was quite right;
  I did。    〃I want you to say it from down here;〃 and with a fat forefinger he
  would indicate the region from where I was to start。              After painful efforts;
  resulting in sounds suggestive of anything rather than a place of worship; I
  would excuse myself。
  〃I really fear it is impossible;〃 I would say。         〃You see; for years I have
  always talked with my mouth; as it were; I never knew a man could talk
  with his stomach。       I doubt if it is not too late now for me to learn。〃
  By spending hours in dark corners; and practising in silent streets; to
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  the   terror   of   chance   passers…by;   I   came   at   last   to   pronounce   this   word
  correctly。     My     teacher    was   delighted    with    me;   and   until   I  came    to
  Germany  I   was   pleased   with   myself。       In   Germany   I   found   that   nobody
  understood what I meant by it。           I never got near a church with it。          I had
  to drop the correct   pronunciation;  and   painstakingly  go   back to   my   first
  wrong pronunciation。          Then they would brighten up; and tell me it was
  round the corner; or down the next street; as the case might be。
  I also think pronunciation of a  foreign tongue could be better taught
  than by  demanding   from  the  pupil   those  internal   acrobatic   feats   that   are
  generally impossible and always useless。               This is the sort of instruction
  one receives:
  〃Press your tonsils against the underside of your larynx。                 Then with
  the convex part of the septum curved upwards so as almostbut not quite
  to touch the uvula; try with the tip of your tongue to reach your thyroid。
  Take a deep breath; and compress your glottis。 Now; without opening your
  lips; say 'Garoo。'〃
  And when you have done it they are not satisfied。
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  CHAPTER XIII
  An    examination      into   the  character     and   behaviour     of  the   German
  studentThe       German      MensurUses       and   abuses    of   useViews      of  an
  impressionistThe humour of the thingRecipe for making savages The
  Jungfrau:       her    peculiar    taste   in  lacesThe      KneipeHow        to  rub    a
  SalamanderAdvice to the strangerA story that might have ended sadly
  Of two men and two wivesTogether with a bachelor。
  On   our    way   home     we   included    a  German      University   town;     being
  wishful to obtain an insight into the ways of student life; a curiosity that
  the courtesy of German friends enabled us to gratify。
  The English boy plays till he is fifteen; and works thence till twenty。
  In   Germany   it   is   the   child   that   works;   the   young   man   that   plays。 The
  German boy goes to school at seven o'clock in the summer; at eight in the
  winter;   and   at   school   he   studies。  The   result   is   that   at   sixteen   he   has   a
  thorough   knowledge   of   the   classics   and   mathematics;   knows   as   much
  history   as   any   man   compelled   to   belong   to   a   political   party   is   wise   in
  knowing;       together    with   a  thorough     grounding      in  modern      languages。
  Therefore   his   eight   College   Semesters;   extending   over   four   years;   are;
  except for the young man aiming at a professorship; unnecessarily ample。
  He is not a sportsman; which is a pity; for he should make good one。                     He
  plays   football   a   little;   bicycles   still   less;   plays   French   billiards   in   stuffy
  cafes more。       But generally speaking he; or the majority of him; lays out
  his   time   bummeling;   beer  drinking;  and   fighting。        If  he   be   the  son of   a
  wealthy father he joins a Korps to belong to a crack Korps costs about
  four hundred pounds a year。 If he be a middle…class young man; he enrols
  himself     in  a  Burschenschaft;       or  a  Landsmannschaft;        which    is  a  little
  cheaper。   These   companies   are   again   broken   up   into   smaller   circles;   in
  which   attempt   is   made   to   keep   to   nationality。   There   are   the   Swabians;
  from Swabia; the Frankonians; descend