第 19 节
作者:理性的思索      更新:2022-12-03 20:04      字数:9322
  then   a   line   of   thought   which   merits   the   wholesale   condemnations   and
  anathemas   hurled   at   it   by   those   who   profess   to   speak   in   the   name   of
  religion? At the same time; though we bring support to the New Testament;
  it would; indeed; be a misconception if these; or any such remarks; were
  quoted   as   sustaining   its   literal   accuracyan   idea   from   which   so   much
  harm     has    come    in   the   past。  It  would;     indeed;    be   a   good;    though     an
  unattainable thing; that a really honest and open… minded attempt should
  be    made      to  weed      out   from    that    record    the   obvious      forgeries     and
  interpolations which disfigure it; and lessen the value of those parts which
  are really above suspicion。
  Is it necessary; for example; to be told; as an inspired fact from Christ's
  own lips; that Zacharias; the son of Barachias;'7' was struck dead within
  the   precincts   of   the   Temple   in   the   time   of   Christ;   when;   by   a   curious
  chance;      Josephus      has    independently       narrated     the   incident     as   having
  occurred      during     the  siege    of  Jerusalem;      thirty…seven     years    later?   This
  makes   it   very   clear   that   this   particular   Gospel;   in   its   present   form;   was
  written after that event; and that the writer fitted into it at least one other
  incident   which   had   struck   his   imagination。   Unfortunately;   a   revision   by
  general   agreement   would   be   the   greatest   of   all   miracles;   for   two   of   the
  very   first   texts   to   go   would   be   those   which   refer   to   the   〃Church;〃   an
  institution and an idea utterly unfamiliar in the days of Christ。 Since the
  object   of   the   insertion   of   these   texts   is   perfectly   clear;   there   can   be   no
  doubt that they are forgeries; but as the whole system of the Papacy rests
  upon one of them; they are likely to survive for a long time to come。 The
  text   alluded   to   is   made   further   impossible   because   it   is   based   upon   the
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  supposition that Christ and His fishermen conversed together in Latin or
  Greek; even to the extent of making puns in that language。 Surely the want
  of moral courage and intellectual honesty among Christians will seem as
  strange   to   our   descendants   as   it   appears   marvellous   to   us   that   the   great
  thinkers of old could have believed; or at least have pretended to believe;
  in the fighting sexual deities of Mount Olympus。
  '7' The References are to Matthew; xxiii 35; and to Josephus; Wars of
  the Jews; Book IV; Chapter 5。
  Revision is; indeed; needed; and as I have already pleaded; a change
  of emphasis is also needed; in order to get the grand Christian conception
  back into the current of reason and progress。 The orthodox who; whether
  from   humble   faith   or   some   other   cause;   do   not   look   deeply   into   such
  matters; can hardly conceive the stumbling…blocks which are littered about
  before   the   feet   of   their   more   critical   brethren。   What   is   easy;   for   faith   is
  impossible for reflection。 Such expressions as 〃Saved by the blood of the
  Lamb〃 or 〃Baptised by His precious blood〃 fill their souls with a gentle
  and sweet emotion; while upon a more thoughtful mind they have a very
  different effect。 Apart from the apparent injustice of vicarious atonement;
  the   student   is   well   aware   that   the   whole   of   this   sanguinary   metaphor   is
  drawn   really   from   the   Pagan   rites   of   Mithra;   where   the   neophyte   was
  actually placed under a bull at the ceremony of the TAUROBOLIUM; and
  was drenched; through a grating; with the blood of the slaughtered animal。
  Such reminiscences of the more brutal side of Paganism are not helpful to
  the thoughtful and sensitive modern mind。 But what is always fresh and
  always useful and always beautiful; is the memory of the sweet Spirit who
  wandered   on   the   hillsides   of   Galilee;   who   gathered   the   children   around
  him; who met his friends in innocent good…fellowship; who shrank from
  forms and ceremonies; craving always for the inner meaning; who forgave
  the sinner; who championed the poor; and who in every decision threw his
  weight     upon    the   side  of   charity   and   breadth    of   view。   When     to  this
  character you add those wondrous psychic powers already analysed; you
  do; indeed; find a supreme character in the world's history who obviously
  stands   nearer     to  the  Highest    than   any   other。   When     one   compares     the
  general   effect   of   His   teaching   with   that   of   the   more   rigid   churches;   one
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  marvels     how     in  their  dogmatism;      their   insistence    upon    forms;   their
  exclusiveness; their pomp and their intolerance; they could have got so far
  away from the example of their Master; so that as one looks upon Him and
  them; one feels that there is absolute deep antagonism and that one cannot
  speak of the Church and Christ; but only of the Church or Christ。 And yet
  every Church produces beautiful souls; though it may be debated whether
  〃produces〃   or   〃contains〃   is   the   truthful   word。   We   have   but   to   fall   back
  upon our own personal experience if we have lived long and mixed much
  with    our   fellow…    men。    I  have   myself     lived   during   the   seven    most
  impressionable years of my life among Jesuits; the most maligned of all
  ecclesiastical orders; and I have found them honourable and good men; in
  all   ways    estimable    outside   the   narrowness     which    limits   the  world    to
  Mother   Church。   They   were   athletes;   scholars;   and   gentlemen;   nor   can   I
  ever    remember      any   examples      of  that  casuistry    with   which    they   are
  reproached。      Some    of  my   best   friends   have   been    among    the   parochial
  clergy   of   the   Church   of   England;   men   of   sweet   and   saintly   character;
  whose pecuniary straits were often a scandal and a reproach to the half…
  hearted   folk   who   accepted   their   spiritual   guidance。   I   have   known;   also;
  splendid men among the Nonconformist clergy; who have often been the
  champions of liberty; though their views upon that subject have sometimes
  seemed to contract when one ventured upon their own domain of thought。
  Each creed has brought out men who were an honour to the human race;
  and    Manning      or  Shrewsbury;      Gordon     or  Dolling;    Booth    or  Stopford
  Brooke; are all equally admirable; however diverse the roots from which
  they grow。 Among the great mass of the people; too; there are very many
  thousands      of  beautiful   souls   who    have    been   brought    up   on   the  old…
  fashioned lines; and who never heard of spiritual communion or any other
  of those matters which have been discussed in these essays; and yet have
  reached a condition of pure spirituality such as all of us may envy。 Who
  does    not   know    the   maiden    aunt;   the  widowed      mother;    the  mellowed
  elderly man; who live upon the hilltops of unselfishness; shedding kindly
  thoughts and deeds around them; but with their simple faith deeply; rooted
  in anything or everything which has come to them in a hereditary fashion
  with the sanction of some particular authority? I had an aunt who was such
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  an   one;   and   can   see   her   now;   worn   with   austerity   and   charity;   a   small;
  humble figure; creeping to church at all hours from a house which was to
  her but a waiting…room between services; while she looked at me with sad;
  wondering; grey eyes。 Such people have often reached by instinct; and in
  spite of dogma; heights; to which no system of philosophy can ever raise
  us。 But making full allowance for the high products of every creed; which
  may be only; a proof of the innate goodness of civilised humanity; it is still
  beyond       all  doubt     that   Christianity     has    broken     down;     and    that   this
  breakdown has been brought home to everyone by the terrible catastrophe
  which has befallen the world。 Can the most optimistic apologist contend
  that   this   is   a   satisfactory;   outcome   from   a   religion   which   has   had   the
  unopposed run of Europe for so many centuries? Which has come out of it
  worst; the  Lutheran Prussian;  the Catholic   Bavarian; or  the peoples   who
  have been nurt