character。　Here　and　there　were　harpers　with　groups　of
  listeners　gathered　round；　as　they　sung　the　exploits　of　their
  fathers；　and　animated　their　hearers　to　fresh　fire　and　energy　by
  relating　legends　of　the　cruelty　of　the　merciless　Danes。　Other
  groups　there　were　surrounding　the　priests；　who　were　appealing
  to　their　religious　feelings　as　well　as　to　their　patriotism。
  Men　sat　about　sharpening　their　weapons；　fixing　on　more
  firmly　the　handles　of　their　shields；　adjusting　arrows　to
  bowstrings；　and　preparing　in　other　ways　for　the　coming　fight。
  》From　some　of　the　fires；　round　which　the　marsh　men　were
  sitting；　came　snatches　of　boisterous　song；　while　here　and　there；
  apart　from　the　crowd；　priests　were　hearing　confessions；　and
  shriving　penitents。
  The　next　morning　early；　one　of　the　scouts；　who　had
  been　sent　to　observe　the　movements　of　the　Danes；　reported
  that　these　were　issuing　from　their　camp；　and　advancing　into
  the　country。
  Algar　marshalled　his　host；　each　part　under　its　leaders；
  and　moved　to　meet　them。　Near　Kesteven　the　armies　came　in
  sight　of　each　other；　and　after　advancing　until　but　a　short
  distance　apart　both　halted　to　marshal　their　ranks　anew。　Eldred；
  with　the　men　of　the　marshes　near　Croyland　and　the　contingent
  from　the　abbey；　had　their　post　in　the　central　division；
  which　was　commanded　by　Algar　himself；　Edmund　took　post
  by　his　father；　and　Egbert　stood　beside　him。
  Edmund　had　never　before　seen　the　Danes；　and　he　could
  not　but　admit　that　their　appearance　was　enough　to　shake　the
  stoutest　heart。　All　carried　great　shields　covering　them　from
  head　to　foot。　These　were　composed　of　wood；　bark；　or　leather
  painted　or　embossed；　and　in　the　cases　of　the　chiefs　plated
  with　gold　and　silver。　So　large　were　these　that　in　naval
  encounters；　if　the　fear　of　falling　into　the　enemy's　hands　forced
  them　to　throw　themselves　into　the　sea；　they　could　float　on
  their　shields；　and　after　death　in　battle　a　soldier　was　carried
  to　his　grave　on　his　buckler。　As　they　stood　facing　the　Saxons
  they　locked　their　shields　together　so　as　to　form　a　barrier
  well…nigh　impregnable　against　the　arrows。
  All　wore　helmets；　the　common　men　of　leather；　the　leaders
  of　iron　or　copper；　while　many　in　addition　wore　coats　of
  mail。　Each　carried　a　sword；　a　battle…axe；　and　a　bow　and
  arrows。　Some　of　the　swords　were　short　and　curled　like　a
  scimitar；　others　were　long　and　straight；　and　were　wielded　with
  both　hands。　They　wore　their　hair　long　and　hanging　down
  their　shoulders；　and　for　the　most　part　shaved　their　cheeks
  and　chins；　but　wore　their　moustaches　very　long。
  They　were；　for　the　most；　tall；　lithe；　and　sinewy　men；　but
  physically　in　no　way　superior　to　the　Saxons；　from　whom　they
  differed　very　widely　in　complexion；　the　Saxons　being　fair
  while　the　Danes　were　very　dark；　as　much　so　as　modern　gypsies；
  indeed；　the　Saxon　historians　speak　of　them　as　the　black
  pagans。　Upon　the　other　hand　many　of　the　Northmen；　being
  Scandinavians；　were　as　fair　as　the　Saxons　themselves。
  The　Danes　began　the　battle；　those　in　front　shouting
  fiercely；　and　striking　their　swords　on　their　shields　with　a
  clashing　noise；　while　the　ranks　behind　shot　a　shower　of　arrows
  among　the　Saxons。　These　at　once　replied。　The　combat　was
  not　continued　long　at　a　distance；　for　the　Danes　with　a　mighty
  shout　rushed　upon　the　Saxons。　These　stood　their　ground
  firmly　and　a　desperate　conflict　ensued。　The　Saxon　chiefs
  vied　with　each　other　in　acts　of　bravery；　and　singling　out　the
  leaders　of　the　Danes　engaged　with　them　in　hand…to…hand
  conflict。
  Algar　had　placed　his　swordsmen　in　the　front　line；　those
  armed　with　spears　in　the　second；　and　as　the　swordsmen
  battled　with　the　Danes　the　spearmen；　when　they　saw　a　shield
  uplifted　to　guard　the　head；　thrust　under　with　their　weapons
  and　slew　many。　Edmund；　seeing　that　with　his　sword　he　should
  have　but　little　chance　against　these　fierce　soldiers；　fell　a　little
  behind　his　father　and　kinsman；　and　as　these　were　engaged
  with　the　enemy　he　from　time　to　time；　when　he　saw　an　opportunity；
  rushed　in　and　delivered　a　thrust　with　his　spear　at　an
  unguarded　point。　The　Saxon　shouts　rose　louder　and　louder
  as　the　Danes　in　vain　endeavoured　to　break　through　their　line。
  The　monks　fought　stoutly；　and　many　a　fierce　Norseman　fell
  before　their　blows。
  The　Danes；　who　had　not　expected　so　firm　a　resistance；
  began　to　hesitate；　and　Algar　giving　the　word；　the　Saxons　took
  the　offensive；　and　the　line　pressed　forward　step　by　step。　The
  archers　poured　their　arrows　in　a　storm　among　the　Danish
  ranks。　These　fell　back　before　the　onslaught。　Already　three
  of　their　kings　and　many　of　their　principal　leaders　had　fallen；
  and　at　last；　finding　themselves　unable　to　withstand　the
  impetuous　onslaught　of　the　Saxons；　they　turned　and　fled　in
  confusion　towards　their　camp。　The　Saxons　with　exulting
  shouts　pursued　them；　and　great　numbers　were　slaughtered。
  The　Danes　had；　however；　as　was　their　custom；　fortified　the
  camp　before　advancing；　and　Algar　drew　off　his　troops；
  deeming　that　it　would　be　better　to　defer　the　attack　on
  this　position　until　the　following　day。
  There　was　high　feasting　in　the　Saxon　camp　that　evening；
  but　this　was　brought　to　an　abrupt　conclusion　by　the　arrival
  of　a　scout；　who　reported　that　a　great　Danish　army　marching
  from　the　Humber　was　approaching　the　camp　of　the　compatriots。
  The　news　was　but　too　true。　The　kings　Guthorm；　Bergsecg；
  Oskytal；　Halfdene；　and　Amund；　and　the　Jarls　Frene；　Hingwar；
  Hubba；　and　the　two　Sidrocs；　with　all　their　followers；
  had　marched　down　from　Yorkshire　to　join　the　invaders
  who　had　just　landed。
  The　news　of　this　immense　reinforcement　spread　consternation
  among　the　Angles。　In　vain　their　leaders　went　about
  among　them　and　exhorted　them　to　courage；　promising　them
  another　victory　as　decisive　as　that　they　had　won　that　day。
  Their　entreaties　were　in　vain；　for　when　the　morning　dawned
  it　was　found　that　three…fourths　of　their　number　had　left　the
  camp　during　the　night；　and　had　made　off　to　the　marshes
  and　fastnesses。
  A　council　of　the　chiefs　was　held。　The　chances　of　conflict
  appeared　hopeless；　so　vastly　were　they　out…numbered　by
  the　Danes。　Algar；　however；　declared　that　he　would　die　rather
  than　retreat。
  〃If　we　fly　now；〃　he　said；　〃all　East　Anglia　will　fall　into　the
  hands　of　the　heathen。　Even　should　we　fight　and　fall；　the
  example　of　what　a　handful　of　brave　men　can　do　against　the
  invaders　will　surely　animate　the　Angles　to　further　resistance；
  while　if　we　conquer；　so　great　a　blow　will　be　dealt　to　the
  renown　of　these　Danes　that　all　England　will　rise　against　them。〃
  On　hearing　these　words　all　the　chiefs　came　to　the　determination
  to　win　or　die　as　they　stood。　Eldred　took　Edmund　aside　after
  this　determination　had　been　arrived　at。
  〃My　son；〃　he　said；　〃I　allowed　you　yesterday　to　stand　by
  my　side　in　battle；　and　well　and　worthily　did　you　bear　yourself；
  but　to…day　you　must　withdraw。　The　fight　is　well…nigh
  hopeless；　and　I　believe　that　all　who　take　part　in　it　are　doomed
  to　perish。　I　would　not　that　my　house　should　altogether
  disappear；　and　shall　die　more　cheerfully　in　the　hope　that　some
  day　you　will　avenge　me　upon　these　heathen。　Therefore；
  Edmund；　I　bid　you　take　station　at　a　distance　behind　the　battle；
  so　that　when　you　see　the　day　goes　against　us　you　may　escape
  in　time。　I　shall　urge　our　faithtul　Egbert　to　endeavour；　when
  he　sees　that　all　is　lost；　to　make　his　way　from　the　fight　and
  rejoin　you；　and　to　journey　with　you　to　Wessex　and　there
  present　you　to　the　king。　For　myself；　if　the　battle　is　lost　I　shall
  die　rather　than　fly。　Such　is　the　resolution　of　Algar　and　our
  other　brave　chiefs；　and　Eldred　the　ealdorman　must　not　be
  the　only　one　of　the　leaders　to　run　from　the　fray。〃
  Edmund　was　deeply　touched　at　his　father's　words；　but
  the　parental　rule　was　so　strict　in　those　days　that　it　did　not
  even　enter　his　mind　to　protest　against　Eldred's　decision。
  As　the　morning　went　on　the　Danes　were　engaged　in　the
  funeral　ceremonies　of　their　dead　kings；　while　the　Saxons；
  quiet　and　resolute；　received　the　holy　sacrament　and　prepared
  for　the　fight。　Algar　chose　a　position　on　rising　ground。　He
  himself　with　Eldred　commanded　the　centre；　Toley　and　Morcar
  led　the　right　wing；　Osgot　and　Harding　the　left。
  Each　of　these　wings　contained　about　five　hundred　men。
  Algar's　centre；　which　was　a　little　withdrawn　from　its　wings；
  contained　about　200　of　his　best　warriors；　and　was　designed
  as　a　reserve；　with　which；　if　need　be；　he　could　move　to　the
  assistance　of　either　of　the　wings　which　might　be　sorely　pressed
  and　in　danger。　The　Saxons　formed　in　a　solid　mass　with　their
  bucklers　linked　together。　The　Danish　array　which　issued　out
  from　their　camp　was　vastly　superior　in　numbers；　and　was
  commanded　by　four　kings　and　eight　jarls　or　earls；　while　two
  kings　and　four　earls　remained　in　charge　of　the　camp；　and　of
  the　great　crowd　of　prisoners；　for　the　most　part　women　and
  children；　whom　they　had　brought　with　them。
  With　the　Danes　who　had　come　down　from　Yorkshire
  were　a　large　body　of　horsemen；　who　charged　furiously　down
  upon　the　Saxons；　but　these　maintained　so　firm　an　array　with
  their　lances　and　spears　projecting　outward　that　the　Danes
  failed　to　break　through　them；　and　after　making　repeated　efforts
  and　suffering　heavy　loss　they　drew　back。　Then　the　Danish
  archers　and　slingers　poured　in