used　to　rise　in　the　night；　will　make　them　to　appear　above　ground　presently。　And　you　may　take　notice；　some　say　that　camphire　put　into　your　bag　with　your　moss　and　worms　gives　them　a　strong　and　so　tempting　a　smell；　that　the　fish　fare　the　worse　and　you　the　better　for　it。
  And　now；　I　shall　shew　you　how　to　bait　your　hook　with　a　worm　so　as　shall　prevent　you　from　much　trouble；　and　the　loss　of　many　a　hook；　too；　when　you　fish　for　a　Trout　with　a　running　line；　that　is　to　say；　when　you　fish　for　him　by　hand　at　the　ground。　I　will　direct　you　in　this　as　plainly　as　I　can；　that　you　may　not　mistake。
  Suppose　it　be　a　big　lob…worm：　put　your　hook　into　him　somewhat　above　the　middle；　and　out　again　a　little　below　the　middle：　having　so　done；　draw　your　worm　above　the　arming　of　your　hook；　but　note；　that；　at　the　entering　of　your　hook；　it　must　not　be　at　the　head…end　of　the　worm；　but　at　the　tail…end　of　him；　that　the　point　of　your　hook　may　come　out　toward　the　head…end；　and；　having　drawn　him　above　the　arming　of　your　hook；　then　put　the　point　of　your　hook　again　into　the　very　head　of　the　worm；　till　it　come　near　to　the　place　where　the　point　of　the　hook　first　came　out；　and　then　draw　back　that　part　of　the　worm　that　was　above　the　shank　or　arming　of　your　hook；　and　so　fish　with　it。　And　if　you　mean　to　fish　with　two　worms；　then　put　the　second　on　before　you　turn　back　the　hook's…　head　of　the　first　worm。　You　cannot　lose　above　two　or　three　worms　before　you　attain　to　what　I　direct　you；　and　having　attained　it；　you　will　find　it　very　useful；　and　thank　me　for　it：　for　you　will　run　on　the　ground　without　tangling。
  Now　for　the　Minnow　or　Penk：　he　is　not　easily　found　and　caught　till　March；　or　in　April；　for　then　he　appears　first　in　the　river；　nature　having　taught　him　to　shelter　and　hide　himself；　in　the　winter；　in　ditches　that　be　near　to　the　river；　and　there　both　to　hide；　and　keep　himself　warm；　in　the　mud；　or　in　the　weeds；　which　rot　not　so　soon　as　in　a　running　river；　in　which　place　if　he　were　in　winter；　the　distempered　floods　that　are　usually　in　that　season　would　suffer　him　to　take　no　rest；　but　carry　him　headlong　to　mills　and　weirs；　to　his　confusion。　And　of　these　Minnows：　first；　you　are　to　know；　that　the　biggest　size　is　not　the　best；　and　next；　that　the　middle　size　and　the　whitest　are　the　best；　and　then　you　are　to　know；　that　your　minnow　must　be　so　put　on　your　hook；　that　it　must　turn　round　when　'tis　drawn　against　the　stream；　and；　that　it　may　turn　nimbly；　you　must　put　it　on　a　big…sized　hook；　as　I　shall　now　direct　you；　which　is　thus：　Put　your　hook　in　at　his　mouth；　and　out　at　his　gill；　then；　having　drawn　your　hook　two　or　three　inches　beyond　or　through　his　gill；　put　it　again　into　his　mouth；　and　the　point　and　beard　out　at　his　tail；　and　then　tie　the　hook　and　his　tail　about；　very　neatly；　with　a　white　thread；　which　will　make　it　the　apter　to　turn　quick　in　the　water；　that　done；　pull　back　that　part　of　your　line　which　was　slack　when　you　did　put　your　hook　into　the　minnow　the　second　time；　I　say；　pull　that　part　of　your　line　back；　so　that　it　shall　fasten　the　head；　so　that　the　body　of　the　minnow　shall　be　almost　straight　on　your　hook：　this　done；　try　how　it　will　turn；　by　drawing　it　across　the　water　or　against　a　stream；　and　if　it　do　not　turn　nimbly；　then　turn　the　tail　a　little　to　the　right　or　left　hand；　and　try　again；　till　it　turn　quick；　for　if　not；　you　are　in　danger　to　catch　nothing：　for　know；　that　it　is　impossible　that　it　should　turn　too　quick。　And　you　are　yet　to　know；　that　in　case　you　want　a　minnow；　then　a　small　loach；　or　a　stickle…bag；　or　any　other　small　fish　that　will　turn　quick；　will　serve　as　well。　And　you　are　yet　to　know　that　you　may　salt　them；　and　by　that　means　keep　them　ready　and　fit　for　use　three　or　four　days；　or　longer；　and　that；　of　salt；　bay…salt　is　the　best。
  And　here　let　me　tell　you；　what　many　old　anglers　know　right　well；　that　at　some　times；　and　in　some　waters；　a　minnow　is　not　to　be　got；　and　therefore；　let　me　tell　you；　I　have；　which　I　will　shew　to　you；　an　artificial　minnow；　that　will　catch　a　Trout　as　well　as　an　artificial　fly：　and　it　was　made　by　a　handsome　woman　that　had　a　fine　hand；　and　a　live　minnow　lying　by　her：　the　mould　or　body　of　the　minnow　was　cloth；　and　wrought　upon；　or　over　it；　thus；　with　a　needle；　the　back　of　it　with　very　sad　French　green　silk；　and　paler　green　silk　towards　the　belly；　shadowed　as　perfectly　as　you　can　imagine；　just　as　you　see　a　minnow：　the　belly　was　wrought　also　with　a　needle；　and　it　was；　a　part　of　it；　white　silk；　and　another　part　of　it　with　silver　thread：　the　tail　and　fins　were　of　a　quill；　which　was　shaven　thin：　the　eyes　were　of　two　little　black　beads：　and　the　head　was　so　shadowed；　and　all　of　it　so　curiously　wrought；　and　so　exactly　dissembled；　that　it　would　beguile　any　sharp…sighted　Trout　in　a　swift　stream。　And　this　minnow　I　will　now　shew　you；　look；　here　it　is；　and；　if　you　like　it；　lend　it　you；　to　have　two　or　three　made　by　it；　for　they　be　easily　carried　about　an　angler；　and　be　of　excellent　use：　for　note；　that　a　large　Trout　will　come　as　fiercely　at　a　minnow　as　the　highest…mettled　hawk　doth　seize　on　a　partridge；　or　a　greyhound　on　a　hare。　I　have　been　told　that　one　hundred　and　sixty　minnows　have　been　found　in　a　Trout's　belly：　either　the　Trout　had　devoured　so　many；　or　the　miller　that　gave　it　a　friend　of　mine　had　forced　them　down　his　throat　after　he　had　taken　him。
  Now　for　Flies；　which　is　the　third　bait　wherewith　Trouts　are　usually　taken。　You　are　to　know；　that　there　are　so　many　sorts　of　flies　as　there　be　of　fruits：　I　will　name　you　but　some　of　them；　as　the　dun…fly；　the　stone…　fly；　the　red…fly；　the　moor…fly；　the　tawny…fly；　the　shell…fly；　the　cloudy　or　blackish…fly；　the　flag…fly；　the　vine…fly；　there　be　of　flies；　caterpillars；　and　canker…flies；　and　bear…flies；　and　indeed　too　many　either　for　me　to　name；　or　for　you　to　remember。　And　their　breeding　is　so　various　and　wonderful；　that　I　might　easily　amaze　myself；　and　tire　you　in　a　relation　of　them。
  And；　yet；　I　will　exercise　your　promised　patience　by　saying　a　little　of　the　caterpillar；　or　the　palmer…fly　or　worm；　that　by　them　you　may　guess　what　a　work　it　were；　in　a　discourse；　but　to　run　over　those　very　many　flies；　worms；　and　little　living　creatures；　with　which　the　sun　and　summer　adorn　and　beautify　the　river…banks　and　meadows；　both　for　the　recreation　and　contemplation　of　us　anglers；　pleasures　which；　I　think；　myself　enjoy　more　than　any　other　man　that　is　not　of　my　profession。
  Pliny　holds　an　opinion；　that　many　have　their　birth；　or　being；　from　a　dew　that　in　the　spring　falls　upon　the　leaves　of　trees；　and　that　some　kinds　of　them　are　from　a　dew　left　upon　herbs　or　flowers；　and　others　from　a　dew　left　upon　coleworts　or　cabbages：　all　which　kinds　of　dews　being　thickened　and　condensed；　are　by　the　sun's　generative　heat；　most　of　them；　hatched；　and　in　three　days　made　living　creatures。　and　these　of　several　shapes　and　colours；　some　being　hard　and　tough；　some　smooth　and　soft；　some　are　horned　in　their　head；　some　in　their　tail；　some　have　none；　some　have　hair；　some　none：　some　have　sixteen　feet；　some　less；　and　some　have　none：　but；　as　our　Topsel　hath　with　great　diligence　observed；　those　which　have　none；　move　upon　the　earth；　or　upon　broad　leaves；　their　motion　being　not　unlike　to　the　waves　of　the　sea。　Some　of　them　he　also　observes　to　be　bred　of　the　eggs　of　other　caterpillars；　and　that　those　in　their　time　turn　to　be　butterflies；　and　again；　that　their　eggs　turn　the　following　year　to　be　caterpillars　And　some　affirm；　that　every　plant　has　its　particular　fly　or　caterpillar；　which　it　breeds　and　feeds。　I　have　seen；　and　may　therefore　affirm　it；　a　green　caterpillar；　or　worm；　as　big　as　a　small　peascod；　which　had　fourteen　legs；　eight　on　the　belly；　four　under　the　neck；　and　two　near　the　tail。　It　was　found　on　a　hedge　of　privet；　and　was　taken　thence；　and　put　into　a　large　box；　and　a　little　branch　or　two　of　privet　put　to　it；　on　which　I　saw　it　feed　as　sharply　as　a　dog　gnaws　a　bone：　it　lived　thus；　five　or　six　days；　and　thrived；　and　changed　the　colour　two　or　three　times　but　by　some　neglect　in　the　keeper　of　it；　it　then　died　and　did　not　turn　to　a　fly：　but　if　it　had　lived；　it　had　doubtless　turned　to　one　of　those　flies　that　some　call　Flies　of　prey；　which　those　that　walk　by　the　rivers　may；　in　summer；　see　fasten　on　smaller　flies；　and；　I　think；　make　them　their　food。　And　'tis　observable；　that　as　there　be　these　flies　of　prey；　which　be　very　large；　so　there　be　others；　very　little；　created；　I　think；　only　to　feed　them；　and　breed　out　of　I　know　not　what；　whose　life；　they　say；　nature　intended　not　to　exceed　an　hour；　and　yet　that　life　is　thus　made　shorter　by　other　flies；　or　accident。
  'Tis　endless　to　tell　you　what　the　curious　searchers　into　nature's　productions　have　observed　of　these　worms　and　flies：　but　yet　I　shall　tell　you　what　Aldrovandus；　our　Topsel；　and　others；　say　of　the　Palmer…worm；　or　Caterpillar：　that　whereas　others　content　themselves　to　feed　on　particular　herbs　or　leaves；　for　most　think；　those　very　leaves　that　gave　them　life　and　shape；　give　them　a　particular　feeding　and　nourishment；　and　that　upon　them　they　usually　abide；　yet　he　observes；　that　this　is　called　a　pilgrim；　or　palmer…worm；　for　his　very　wandering　life；　and　various　food；　not　contenting　himself；　as　others　do；　with　any　one　certain　place　for　his　abode；　nor　any　certain　kind　of　herb　or　flower　for　his　feeding；　but　will　boldly　and　di