第 2 节
作者:
瞎说呗 更新:2022-08-26 22:12 字数:9322
they could show in attestation of their public services in numerous
campaigns; the last of which had been against the Sabines; which
they undertook upon a promise made by their rich creditors that they
would treat them with more gentleness for the future; Marcus Valerius;
the consul; having; by order from the senate; engaged also for the
performance of it。 But when; after they had fought courageously and
beaten the enemy; there was; nevertheless; no moderation or
forbearance used; and the senate also professed to remember nothing of
that agreement; and sat without testifying the least concern to see
them dragged away like slaves and their goods seized upon as formerly;
there began now to be open disorders and dangerous meetings in the
city; and the enemy; also; aware of the popular confusion; invaded and
laid waste the country。 And when the consuls now gave notice; that all
who were of an age to bear arms should make their personal appearance;
but found no one regard the summons; the members of the government;
then coming to consult what course should be taken; were themselves
again divided in opinion; some thought it most advisable to comply a
little in favour of the poor; by relaxing their overstrained rights;
and mitigating the extreme rigour of the law; while others withstood
this proposal; Marcius in particular; with more vehemence than the
rest; alleging that the business of money on either side was not the
main thing in question; urged that this disorderly proceeding was
but the first insolent step towards open revolt against the laws;
which it would become the wisdom of the government to check at the
earliest moment。
There had been frequent assemblies of the whole senate; within a
small compass of time; about this difficulty; but without any
certain issue; the poor commonalty; therefore; perceiving there was
likely to be no redress of their grievances; on a sudden collected
in a body; and; encouraging each other in their resolution; forsook
the city; with one accord; and seizing the hill which is now called
the Holy Mount; sat down by the river Anio; without committing any
sort of violence or seditious outrage; but merely exclaiming; as
they went along; that they had this long time past been; in fact;
expelled and excluded from the city by the cruelty of the rich; that
Italy would everywhere afford them the benefit of air and water and
a place of burial; which was all they could expect in the city; unless
it were; perhaps; the privilege of being wounded and killed in time of
war for the defence of their creditors。 The senate; apprehending the
consequences; sent the most moderate and popular men of their own
order to treat with them。
Menenius Agrippa; their chief spokesman; after much entreaty to
the people; and much plain…speaking on behalf of the senate;
concluded; at length; with the celebrated fable。 〃It once happened;〃
he said; 〃that all the other members of a man mutinied against the
stomach; which they accused as the only idle; uncontributing part
the whole body; while the rest were put to hardships and the expense
of much labour to supply and minister to its appetites。 The stomach;
however; merely ridiculed the silliness of the members; who appeared
not to be aware that the stomach certainly does receive the general
nourishment; but only to return it again; and redistribute it
amongst the rest。 Such is the case;〃 he said; 〃ye citizens; between
you and the senate。 The counsels and plans that are there duly
digested; convey and secure to all of you your proper benefit and
support。〃
A reconciliation ensued; the senate acceding to the request of the
people for the annual election of five protectors for those in need of
succour; the same that are now called the tribunes of the people;
and the first two they pitched upon were Junius Brutus and Sicinnius
Vellutus; their leaders in the secession。
The city being thus united; the commons stood presently to their
arms; and followed their commanders to the war with great alacrity。 As
for Marcius; though he was not a little vexed himself to see the
populace prevail so far; and gain ground of the senators; and might
observe many other patricians have the same dislike of the late
concessions; he yet besought them not to yield at least to the
common people in the zeal and forwardness they now showed for their
country's service; but to prove that they were superior to them; not
so much in power and riches; as in merit and worth。
The Romans were now at war with the Volscian nation; whose principal
city was Corioli; when; therefore; Cominius the consul had invested
this important place; the rest of the Volscians; fearing it would be
taken; mustered up whatever force they could from all parts; to
relieve it; designing to give the Romans battle before the city; and
so attack them on both sides。 Cominius; to avoid this inconvenience;
divided his army; marching himself with one body to encounter the
Volscians on their approach from without and leaving Titus Lartius;
one of the bravest Romans of his time; to command the other and
continue the siege。 Those within Corioli; despising now the
smallness of their number; made a sally upon them; and prevailed at
first; and pursued the Romans into their trenches。 Here it was that
Marcius; flying out with a slender company; and cutting those in
pieces that first engaged him; obliged the other assailants to slacken
their speed; and then; with loud cries; called upon the Romans to
renew the battle。 For he had; what Cato thought a great point in a
soldier; not only strength of hand and stroke; but also a voice and
look that of themselves were a terror to an enemy。 Divers of his own
party now rallying and making up to him; the enemies soon retreated;
but Marcius; not content to see them draw off and retire; pressed hard
upon the rear; and drove them; as they fled away in haste; to the very
gates of their city; where; perceiving the Romans to fall back from
their pursuit; beaten off by the multitude of darts poured in upon
them from the walls; and that none of his followers had the
hardiness to think of falling in pell…mell among the fugitives and
so entering a city full of enemies in arms; he; nevertheless; stood
and urged them to the attempt; crying out; that fortune had now set
open Corioli; not so much to shelter the vanquished; as to receive the
conquerors。 Seconded by a few that were willing to venture with him;
he bore along through the crowd; made good his passage; and thrust
himself into the gate through the midst of them; nobody at first
daring to resist him。 But when the citizens on looking about saw
that a very small number had entered; they now took courage; and
came up and attacked them。 A combat ensued of the most extraordinary
description; in which Marcius; by strength of hand; and swiftness of
foot; and daring of soul; overpowering every one that he assailed;
succeeded in driving the enemy to seek refuge; for the most part; in
the interior of the town; while those remaining submitted; and threw
down their arms; thus affording Lartius abundant opportunity to
bring in the rest of the Romans with ease and safety。
Corioli being thus surprised and taken; the greater part of the
soldiers employed themselves in spoiling and pillaging it; while
Marcius indignantly reproached them; and exclaimed that it was a
dishonourable and unworthy thing; when the consul and their
Fellow…citizens had now perhaps encountered the other Volscians; and
were hazarding their lives in battle; basely to misspend the time in
running up and down for booty; and; under a pretence of enriching
themselves; keep out of danger。 Few paid him any attention; but;
putting himself at the head of these; he took the road by which the
consul's army had marched before him; encouraging his companions;
and beseeching them; as they went along; not to give up; and praying
often to the gods; too; that he might be so happy as to arrive
before the fight was over; and come seasonably up to assist
Cominius; and partake in the peril of the action。
It was customary with the Romans of that age; when they were
moving into battle array; and were on the point of taking up their
bucklers; and girding their coats about them; to make at the same time
an unwritten will; or verbal testament; and to name who should be
their heirs; in the hearing of three or four witnesses。 In this
precise posture Marcius found them at his arrival; the enemy being
advanced within view。
They were not a little disturbed by his first appearance; seeing him
covered with blood and sweat; and attended with a small train; but
when he hastily made up to the consul with gladness in his looks;
giving him his hand; and recounting to him how the city had been
taken; and when they saw Cominius also embrace and salute him; every
one took fresh heart; those that were near enough hearing; and those
that were at a distance guessing; what had happened; and all cried out
to be led to battle。 First; however; Marcius desired to know of him
how the Volscians had arrayed their army and where they had placed
their best men and on his answering that he took the troops of the
Antiates in the centre to