without　distinguishing　him　by　any　new　marks　either　of　his　favour　or
  displeasure。　He　also　took　the　greatest　precautions　for　Vitellius's
  wife　and　mother；　that　they　might　be　safe；　and　free　from　all
  apprehension　for　themselves。　He　made　Flavius　Sabinus；　Vespasian's
  brother；　governor　of　Rome；　either　in　honour　to　the　memory　of　Nero；　who
  had　advanced　him　formerly　to　that　command；　which　Galba　had　taken　away；
  or　else　to　show　his　confidence　in　Vespasian　by　his　favour　to　his
  brother。
  After　he　came　to　Brixillum；　a　town　of　Italy　near　the　Po；　he　stayed
  behind　himself；　and　ordered　the　army　to　march　under　the　conduct　of
  Marius　Celsus；　Suetonius　Paulinus；　Gallus；　and　Spurina；　all　men　of
  experience　and　reputation；　but　unable　to　carry　their　own　plans　and
  purposes　into　effect；　by　reason　of　the　ungovernable　temper　of　the
  army；　which　would　take　orders　from　none　but　the　emperor　whom　they
  themselves　had　made　their　master。　Nor　was　the　enemy　under　much
  better　discipline；　the　soldiers　there　also　being　haughty　and
  disobedient　upon　the　same　account；　but　they　were　more　experienced
  and　used　to　hard　work；　whereas　Otho's　men　were　soft　from　their　long
  easy　living　and　lack　of　service；　having　spent　most　of　their　time　in
  the　theatres　and　at　state　shows　and　on　the　stage；　while　moreover
  they　tried　to　cover　their　deficiencies　by　arrogance　and　vain
  display；　pretending　to　decline　their　duty；　not　because　they　were
  unable　to　do　the　thing　commanded；　but　because　they　thought
  themselves　above　it。　So　that　Spurina　had　like　to　have　been　cut　in
  pieces　for　attempting　to　force　them　to　their　work；　they　assailed　him
  with　insolent　language；　accusing　him　of　a　design　to　betray　and　ruin
  Caesar's　interest；　nay；　some　of　them　that　were　in　drink　forced　his
  tent　in　the　night；　and　demanded　money　for　the　expenses　of　their
  journey；　which　they　must　at　once　take；　they　said；　to　the　emperor；　to
  complain　of　him。
  However；　the　contemptuous　treatment　they　met　with　at　Placentia　did
  for　the　present　good　service　to　Spurina；　and　to　the　cause　of　Otho。　For
  Vitellius's　men　marched　up　to　the　walls；　and　upbraided　Otho's　upon　the
  ramparts；　calling　them　players；　dancers；　idle　spectators　of　Pythian
  and　Olympic　games；　but　novices　in　the　art　of　war；　who　never　so　much　as
  looked　on　at　a　battle；　mean　souls；　that　triumphed　in　the　beheading
  of　Galba；　an　old　man　unarmed；　but　had　no　desire　to　look　real　enemies
  in　the　face。　Which　reproaches　so　inflamed　them　that　they　kneeled　at
  Spurina's　feet；　entreated　him　to　give　his　orders；　and　assured　him　no
  danger　or　toil　should　be　too　great　or　too　difficult　for　them。
  Whereupon　when　Vitellius's　forces　made　a　vigorous　attack　on　the
  town；　and　brought　up　numerous　engines　against　the　walls；　the
  besieged　bravely　repulsed　them；　and；　repelling　the　enemy　with　great
  slaughter；　secured　the　safety　of　a　noble　city；　one　of　the　most
  flourishing　places　in　Italy。
  Besides；　it　was　observed　that　Otho's　officers　were　much　more
  inoffensive；　both　towards　the　public　and　to　private　men；　than　those　of
  Vitellius；　among　whom　was　Caecina；　who　used　neither　the　language　nor
  the　apparel　of　a　citizen；　an　overbearing；　foreign…seeming　man；　of
  gigantic　stature；　and　always　dressed　in　trews　and　sleeves；　after　the
  manner　of　the　Gauls；　whilst　he　conversed　with　Roman　officials　and
  magistrates。　His　wife；　too；　travelled　along　with　him；　riding　in
  splendid　attire　on　horseback；　with　a　chosen　body　of　cavalry　to
  escort　her。　And　Fabius　Valens；　the　other　general；　was　so　rapacious
  that　neither　what　he　plundered　from　enemies；　nor　what　he　stole　or
  got　as　gifts　and　bribes　from　his　friends　and　allies；　could　satisfy　his
  wishes。　And　it　was　said　that　it　was　in　order　to　have　time　to　raise
  money　that　he　had　marched　so　slowly　that　he　was　not　present　at　the
  former　attack。　But　some　lay　the　blame　on　Caecina；　saying；　that　out
  of　a　desire　to　gain　the　victory　by　himself　before　Fabius　joined　him；
  he　committed　sundry　other　errors　of　lesser　consequence；　and　by
  engaging　unseasonably　and　when　he　could　not　do　so　thoroughly；　he
  very　nearly　brought　all　to　ruin。
  When　he　found　himself　beat　off　at　Placentia；　he　set　off　to　attack
  Cremona；　another　large　and　rich　city。　In　the　meantime；　Annius　Gallus
  marched　to　join　Spurina　at　Placentia；　but　having　intelligence　that　the
  siege　was　raised；　and　that　Cremona　was　in　danger；　he　turned　to　its
  relief；　and　encamped　just　by　the　enemy；　where　he　was　daily
  reinforced　by　other　officers。　Caecina　placed　a　strong　ambush　of
  heavy　infantry　in　some　rough　and　woody　country；　and　gave　orders　to　his
  horse　to　advance；　and　if　the　enemy　should　charge　them；　then　to　make
  a　slow　retreat；　and　draw　them　into　the　snare。　But　his　stratagem　was
  discovered　by　some　deserters　to　Celsus；　who　attacked　with　a　good
  body　of　horse；　but　followed　the　pursuit　cautiously；　and　succeeded　in
  surrounding　and　routing　the　troops　in　the　ambuscade；　and　if　the
  infantry　which　he　ordered　up　from　the　camp　had　come　soon　enough　to
  sustain　the　horse；　Caecina's　whole　army；　in　all　appearance；　had　been
  totally　routed。　But　Paulinus；　moving　too　slowly；　was　accused　of　acting
  with　a　degree　of　needless　caution　not　to　have　been　expected　from　one
  of　his　reputation。　So　that　the　soldiers　incensed　Otho　against　him；
  accused　him　of　treachery；　and　boasted　loudly　that　the　victory　had　been
  in　their　power；　and　that　if　it　was　not　complete；　it　was　owing　to　the
  mismanagement　of　their　generals；　all　which　Otho　did　not　so　much
  believe　as　he　was　willing　to　appear　not　to　disbelieve。　He　therefore
  sent　his　brother　Titianus；　with　Proculus；　the　prefect　of　the　guards；
  to　the　army；　where　the　latter　was　general　in　reality；　and　the　former
  in　appearance。　Celsus　and　Paulinus　had　the　title　of　friends　and
  counsellors；　but　not　the　least　authority　or　power。　At　the　same　time；
  there　was　nothing　but　quarrel　and　disturbance　amongst　the　enemy；
  especially　where　Valens　commanded；　for　the　soldiers　here；　being
  informed　of　what　had　happened　at　the　ambuscade；　were　enraged　because
  they　had　not　been　permitted　to　be　present　to　strike　a　blow　in
  defence　of　the　lives　of　so　many　men　that　had　died　in　that　action；
  Valens；　with　much　difficulty；　quieted　their　fury；　after　they　had　now
  begun　to　throw　missiles　at　him；　and　quitting　his　camp；　joined　Caecina。
  About　this　time；　Otho　came　to　Bedriacum；　a　little　town　near　Cremona；
  to　the　camp；　and　called　a　council　of　war；　where　Proculus　and
  Titianus　declared　for　giving　battle；　while　the　soldiers　were　flushed
  with　their　late　success；　saying　they　ought　not　to　lose　their　time
  and　opportunity　and　present　height　of　strength；　and　wait　for　Vitellius
  to　arrive　out　of　Gaul。　But　Paulinus　told　them　that　the　enemy's　whole
  force　was　present；　and　that　there　was　no　body　of　reserve　behind；　but
  that　Otho；　if　he　would　not　be　too　precipitate；　and　chose　the　enemy's
  time；　instead　of　his　own；　for　the　battle；　might　expect
  reinforcements　out　of　Moesia　and　Pannonia；　not　inferior　in　numbers
  to　the　troops　that　were　already　present。　He　thought　it　probable；
  too；　that　the　soldiers；　who　were　then　in　heart　before　they　were
  joined；　would　not　be　less　so　when　the　forces　were　all　come　up。
  Besides；　the　deferring　battle　could　not　be　inconvenient　to　them　that
  were　sufficiently　provided　with　all　necessaries；　but　the　others；　being
  in　an　enemy's　country；　must　needs　be　exceedingly　straitened　in　a
  little　time。　Marius　Celsus　was　of　Paulinus's　opinion；　Annius　Gallus；
  being　absent　and　under　the　surgeon's　hands　through　a　fall　from　his
  horse；　was　consulted　by　letter；　and　advised　Otho　to　stay　for　those
  legions　that　were　marching　from　Moesia。　But　after　all　he　did　not
  follow　the　advice；　and　the　opinion　of　those　that　declared　for　a　battle
  prevailed。
  There　are　several　reasons　given　for　this　determination；　but　the　most
  apparent　is　this；　that　the　praetorian　soldiers；　as　they　are　called；
  who　serve　as　guards；　not　relishing　the　military　discipline　which
  they　now　had　begun　a　little　more　to　experience；　and　longing　for
  their　amusements　and　unwarlike　life　among　the　shows　of　Rome；　would　not
  be　commanded；　but　were　eager　for　a　battle；　imagining　that　upon　the
  first　onset　they　should　carry　all　before　them。　Otho　also　himself　seems
  not　to　have　shown　the　proper　fortitude　in　bearing　up　against　the
  uncertainty；　and；　out　of　effeminacy　and　want　of　use；　had　not
  patience　for　the　calculations　of　danger；　and　was　so　uneasy　at　the
  apprehension　of　it　that　he　shut　his　eyes；　and　like　one　going　to　leap
  from　a　precipice；　left　everything　to　fortune。　This　is　the　account
  Secundus　the　rhetorician；　who　was　his　secretary；　gave　of　the　matter。
  But　others　would　tell　you　that　there　were　many　movements　in　both
  armies　for　acting　in　concert；　and　if　it　were　possible　for　them　to
  agree；　then　they　should　proceed　to　choose　one　of　their　most
  experienced　officers　that　were　present；　if　not；　they　should　convene
  the　senate；　and　invest　it　with　the　power　of　election。　And　it　is　not
  improbable　that；　neither　of　the　emperors　then　bearing　the　title　having
  really　any　reputation；　such　purposes　were　really　entertained　among　the
  genuine；　serviceable；　and　sober…minded　part　of　the　soldiers。　For
  what　could　be　more　odious　and　unreasonable　than　that　the　evils　which
  the　Roman　citizens　had　formerly　thought　it　so　lamentable　to　inflict
  upon　each　other　for　the　sake　of　a　Sylla　or　a　Marius；