authors　of　the　eighteenth　century。　　In　him　Christian　charity　was
  joined　to　a　philosophical　indulgence　for　the　failings　of　human
  nature。　　But　the　memory　of　these　miserably　anxious　early　years；
  his　young　man's　years　robbed　of　all　generous　illusions　by　the
  cynicism　of　the　sordid　lawsuit；　stood　in　the　way　of　forgiveness。
  He　never　succumbed　to　the　fascination　of　the　great　shoot；　and　X；
  his　heart　set　to　the　last　on　reconciliation　with　the　draft　of　the
  will　ready　for　signature　kept　by　his　bedside；　died　intestate。
  The　fortune　thus　acquired　and　augmented　by　a　wise　and　careful
  management　passed　to　some　distant　relatives　whom　he　had　never
  seen　and　who　even　did　not　bear　his　name。
  Meantime　the　blessing　of　general　peace　descended　upon　Europe。
  Mr。　Nicholas　B。；　bidding　good…bye　to　his　hospitable　relative；　the
  〃fearless〃　Austrian　officer；　departed　from　Galicia；　and　without
  going　near　his　native　place；　where　the　odious　lawsuit　was　still
  going　on；　proceeded　straight　to　Warsaw　and　entered　the　army　of
  the　newly　constituted　Polish　kingdom　under　the　sceptre　of
  Alexander　I。；　Autocrat　of　all　the　Russias。
  This　kingdom；　created　by　the　Vienna　Congress　as　an　acknowledgment
  to　a　nation　of　its　former　independent　existence；　included　only
  the　central　provinces　of　the　old　Polish　patrimony。　　A　brother　of
  the　Emperor；　the　Grand　Duke　Constantine　（Pavlovitch）；　its　Viceroy
  and　Commander…in…Chief；　married　morganatically　to　a　Polish　lady
  to　whom　he　was　fiercely　attached；　extended　this　affection　to　what
  he　called　〃My　Poles〃　in　a　capricious　and　savage　manner。　　Sallow
  in　complexion；　with　a　Tartar　physiognomy　and　fierce　little　eyes；
  he　walked　with　his　fists　clenched；　his　body　bent　forward；　darting
  suspicious　glances　from　under　an　enormous　cocked　hat。　　His
  intelligence　was　limited　and　his　sanity　itself　was　doubtful。　　The
  hereditary　taint　expressed　itself；　in　his　case；　not　by　mystic
  leanings　as　in　his　two　brothers；　Alexander　and　Nicholas　（in　their
  various　ways；　for　one　was　mystically　liberal　and　the　other
  mystically　autocratic）；　but　by　the　fury　of　an　uncontrollable
  temper　which　generally　broke　out　in　disgusting　abuse　on　the
  parade　ground。　　He　was　a　passionate　militarist　and　an　amazing
  drill…master。　　He　treated　his　Polish　Army　as　a　spoiled　child
  treats　a　favourite　toy；　except　that　he　did　not　take　it　to　bed
  with　him　at　night。　　It　was　not　small　enough　for　that。　　But　he
  played　with　it　all　day　and　every　day；　delighting　in　the　variety
  of　pretty　uniforms　and　in　the　fun　of　incessant　drilling。　　This
  childish　passion；　not　for　war　but　for　mere　militarism；　achieved　a
  desirable　result。　　The　Polish　Army；　in　its　equipment；　in　its
  armament　and　in　its　battlefield　efficiency；　as　then　understood；
  became；　by　the　end　of　the　year　1830；　a　first…rate　tactical
  instrument。　　Polish　peasantry　（not　serfs）　served　in　the　ranks　by
  enlistment；　and　the　officers　belonged　mainly　to　the　smaller
  nobility。　　Mr。　Nicholas　B。；　with　his　Napoleonic　record；　had　no
  difficulty　in　obtaining　a　lieutenancy；　but　the　promotion　in　the
  Polish　Army　was　slow；　because；　being　a　separate　organisation；　it
  took　no　part　in　the　wars　of　the　Russian　Empire　against　Persia　or
  Turkey。　　Its　first　campaign；　against　Russia　itself；　was　to　be　its
  last。　　In　1831；　on　the　outbreak　of　the　Revolution；　Mr。　Nicholas
  B。　was　the　senior　captain　of　his　regiment。　　Some　time　before　he
  had　been　made　head　of　the　remount　establishment　quartered　outside
  the　kingdom　in　our　southern　provinces；　whence　almost　all　the
  horses　for　the　Polish　cavalry　were　drawn。　　For　the　first　time
  since　he　went　away　from　home　at　the　age　of　eighteen　to　begin　his
  military　life　by　the　battle　of　Friedland；　Mr。　Nicholas　B。
  breathed　the　air　of　the　〃Border；〃　his　native　air。　　Unkind　fate
  was　lying　in　wait　for　him　amongst　the　scenes　of　his　youth。　　At
  the　first　news　of　the　rising　in　Warsaw　all　the　remount
  establishment；　officers；　vets。；　and　the　very　troopers；　were　put
  promptly　under　arrest　and　hurried　off　in　a　body　beyond　the
  Dnieper　to　the　nearest　town　in　Russia　proper。　　From　there　they
  were　dispersed　to　the　distant　parts　of　the　Empire。　　On　this
  occasion　poor　Mr。　Nicholas　B。　penetrated　into　Russia　much　farther
  than　he　ever　did　in　the　times　of　Napoleonic　invasion；　if　much
  less　willingly。　　Astrakhan　was　his　destination。　　He　remained
  there　three　years；　allowed　to　live　at　large　in　the　town　but
  having　to　report　himself　every　day　at　noon　to　the　military
  commandant；　who　used　to　detain　him　frequently　for　a　pipe　and　a
  chat。　　It　is　difficult　to　form　a　just　idea　of　what　a　chat　with
  Mr。　Nicholas　B。　could　have　been　like。　　There　must　have　been　much
  compressed　rage　under　his　taciturnity；　for　the　commandant
  communicated　to　him　the　news　from　the　theatre　of　war　and　this
  news　was　such　as　it　could　be；　that　is；　very　bad　for　the　Poles。
  Mr。　Nicholas　B。　received　these　communications　with　outward
  phlegm；　but　the　Russian　showed　a　warm　sympathy　for　his　prisoner。
  〃As　a　soldier　myself　I　understand　your　feelings。　　You；　of　course；
  would　like　to　be　in　the　thick　of　it。　　By　heavens！　I　am　fond　of
  you。　　If　it　were　not　for　the　terms　of　the　military　oath　I　would
  let　you　go　on　my　own　responsibility。　　What　difference　could　it
  make　to　us；　one　more　or　less　of　you？〃
  At　other　times　he　wondered　with　simplicity。
  〃Tell　me；　Nicholas　Stepanovitch〃（my　great…grandfather's　name
  was　Stephen　and　the　commandant　used　the　Russian　form　of　polite
  address）〃tell　me　why　is　it　that　you　Poles　are　always　looking
  for　trouble？　　What　else　could　you　expect　from　running　up　against
  Russia？〃
  He　was　capable；　too；　of　philosophical　reflections。
  〃Look　at　your　Napoleon　now。　　A　great　man。　　There　is　no　denying　it
  that　he　was　a　great　man　as　long　as　he　was　content　to　thrash　those
  Germans　and　Austrians　and　all　those　nations。　　But　no！　　He　must　go
  to　Russia　looking　for　trouble；　and　what's　the　consequence？　　Such
  as　you　see　me；　I　have　rattled　this　sabre　of　mine　on　the　pavements
  of　Paris。〃
  After　his　return　to　Poland　Mr。　Nicholas　B。　described　him　as　a
  〃worthy　man　but　stupid；〃　whenever　he　could　be　induced　to　speak　of
  the　conditions　of　his　exile。　　Declining　the　option　offered　him　to
  enter　the　Russian　Army　he　was　retired　with　only　half　the　pension
  of　his　rank。　　His　nephew　（my　uncle　and　guardian）　told　me　that　the
  first　lasting　impression　on　his　memory　as　a　child　of　four　was　the
  glad　excitement　reigning　in　his　parents'　house　on　the　day　when
  Mr。　Nicholas　B。　arrived　home　from　his　detention　in　Russia。
  Every　generation　has　its　memories。　　The　first　memories　of　Mr。
  Nicholas　B。　might　have　been　shaped　by　the　events　of　the　last
  partition　of　Poland；　and　he　lived　long　enough　to　suffer　from　the
  last　armed　rising　in　1863；　an　event　which　affected　the　future　of
  all　my　generation　and　has　coloured　my　earliest　impressions。　　His
  brother；　in　whose　house　he　had　sheltered　for　some　seventeen　years
  his　misanthropical　timidity　before　the　commonest　problems　of
  life；　having　died　in　the　early　fifties；　Mr。　Nicholas　B。　had　to
  screw　his　courage　up　to　the　sticking…point　and　come　to　some
  decision　as　to　the　future。　　After　a　long　and　agonising　hesitation
  he　was　persuaded　at　last　to　become　the　tenant　of　some　fifteen
  hundred　acres　out　of　the　estate　of　a　friend　in　the　neighbourhood。
  The　terms　of　the　lease　were　very　advantageous；　but　the　retired
  situation　of　the　village　and　a　plain　comfortable　house　in　good
  repair　were；　I　fancy；　the　greatest　inducements。　He　lived　there
  quietly　for　about　ten　years；　seeing　very　few　people　and　taking　no
  part　in　the　public　life　of　the　province；　such　as　it　could　be
  under　an　arbitrary　bureaucratic　tyranny。　　His　character　and　his
  patriotism　were　above　suspicion；　but　the　organisers　of　the　rising
  in　their　frequent　journeys　up　and　down　the　province　scrupulously
  avoided　coming　near　his　house。　　It　was　generally　felt　that　the
  repose　of　the　old　man's　last　years　ought　not　to　be　disturbed。
  Even　such　intimates　as　my　paternal　grandfather；　a　comrade…in…arms
  during　Napoleon's　Moscow　campaign　and　later　on　a　fellow…officer
  in　the　Polish　Army；　refrained　from　visiting　his　crony　as　the　date
  of　the　outbreak　approached。　　My　paternal　grandfather's　two　sons
  and　his　only　daughter　were　all　deeply　involved　in　the
  revolutionary　work；　he　himself　was　of　that　type　of　Polish　squire
  whose　only　ideal　of　patriotic　action　was　to　〃get　into　the　saddle
  and　drive　them　out。〃　　But　even　he　agreed　that　〃dear　Nicholas　must
  not　be　worried。〃　　All　this　considerate