第 70 节
作者:桃桃逃      更新:2022-08-21 16:33      字数:9309
  lying out of one another; conveying them away from the semblance of
  independent subsistence back into subjectivity; so that all the members are
  reciprocally momentary means as well as momentary ends。 Thus as life is the
  initial particularisation; so it results in the negative self…asserting unity: in the
  dialectic of its corporeity it only coalesces with itself。 In this way life is essentially
  something alive; and in point of its immediacy this individual living thing。 It is
  characteristic of finitude in this sphere that; by reason of the immediacy of the
  idea; body and soul are separable。 This constitutes the mortality of the living
  being。 It is only; however; when the living being is dead; that these two sides of
  the idea are different ingredients。
  § 216n
  The single members of the body are what they are only by and in relation to their unity。 A hand
  e。g。 when hewn off from the body is; as Aristotle has observed; a hand in name only; not in fact。
  From the point of view of understanding; life is usually spoken of as a mystery; and in general as
  incomprehensible。 By giving it such a name; however; the Understanding only confesses its own
  finitude and nullity。 So far is life from being incomprehensible; that in it the very notion is presented
  to us; or rather the immediate idea existing as a notion。 And having said this; we have indicated the
  defect of life。 Its notion and reality do not thoroughly correspond to each other。 The notion of life
  is the soul; and this notion has the body for its reality。 The soul is; as it were; infused into its
  corporeity; and in that way it is at first sentient only; and not yet freely self…conscious。 The process
  of life consists in getting the better of the immediacy with which it is still beset: and this process;
  which is itself threefold; results in the idea under the form of judgement; i。e。 the idea as Cognition。
  § 217
  A living being is a syllogism; of which the very elements are in themselves
  systems and syllogisms (§ § 198; 201; 207)。 They are however active syllogisms
  or processes; and in the subjective unity of the vital agent make only one process。
  'Thus the living being is the process of its coalescence with itself; which runs on
  through three processes。
  Organic Nature
  Sensibility; Irritability; and Reproduction
  § 218
  (1) The first is the process of the living being inside itself。 In that process it makes
  a split on its own self; and reduces its corporeity to its object or its inorganic
  nature。 This corporeity; as an aggregate of correlations; enters in its very nature
  into difference and opposition of its elements; which mutually become each
  other's prey; and assimilate one another; and are retained by producing
  themselves。 Yet this action of the several members (organs) is only the living
  subject's one act to which their productions revert; so that in these productions
  nothing is produced except the subject: in other words; the subject only
  reproduces itself。
  The process of the vital subject within its own limits has in Nature the threefold form of Sensibility;
  Irritability; and Reproduction。 As Sensibility; the living being is immediately simple self…relation…it is
  the soul omnipresent in its body; the outsideness of each member of which to others has for it no
  truth。 As Irritability; the living being appears split up in itself; and as Reproduction; it is perpetually
  restoring itself from the inner distinction of its members and organs。 A vital agent only exists as this
  continually self…renewing process within its own limits。
  Objective Nature
  The matter which it assimilates
  § 219
  (2) But the judgement of the notion proceeds; as free; to discharge the objective
  or bodily nature as an independent totality from itself; and the negative relation of
  the living thing to itself makes; as immediate individuality; the presupposition of
  an inorganic nature confronting it。 As this negative of the animate is no less a
  function in the notion of the animate itself; it exists consequently in the latter
  (which is at the same time a concrete universal) in the shape of a defect or want。
  The dialectic by which the object; being implicitly null; is merged is the action of
  the self…assured living thing; which in this process against an inorganic nature thus
  retains; develops; and objectifies itself。
  § 219n
  The living being stands face to face with an inorganic nature; to which it comports itself as a master
  and which it assimilates to itself。 The result of the assimilation is not; as in the chemical process; a
  neutral product in which the independence of the two confronting sides is merged; but the living
  being shows itself as large enough to embrace its other which cannot withstand its power。 The
  inorganic nature which is subdued by the vital agent suffers this fate; because it is virtually the
  same as what life is actually。 Thus in the other the living being only coalesces with itself。 But when
  the soul has fled from the body; the elementary powers of objectivity begin their play。 These
  powers are; as it were; continually on the spring; ready to begin their process in the organic body;
  and life is the constant battle against them。
  ?
  The living individual
  § 220
  (3) The living individual; which in its first process comports itself as intrinsically
  subject and notion; through its second assimilates its external objectivity and thus
  puts the character of reality into itself。 It is now therefore implicitly a Kind; with
  essential universality of nature。 The particularising of this Kind is the relation of
  the living subject to another subject of its Kind: and the judgement is the tie of
  Kind over these individuals thus appointed for each other。 This is the Affinity of
  the Sexes。
  Birth; Death and Genus
  § 221
  The process of Kind brings it to a being of its own。 Life being no more than the
  idea immediate; the product of this process breaks up into two sides。 On the one
  hand; the living individual; which was at first presupposed as immediate; is now
  seen to be mediated and generated。 On the other; however; the living
  individuality; which; on account of its first immediacy; stands in a negative
  attitude towards universality; sinks in the superior power of the latter。
  § 221n
  The living being dies; because it is a contradiction。 Implicitly it is the universal or Kind; and yet
  immediately it exists as an individual only。 Death shows the Kind to be the power that rules the
  immediate individual。 For the animal the process of Kind is the highest point of its vitality。 But the
  animal never gets so far in its Kind as to have a being of its own; it succumbs to the power of
  Kind。 In the process of Kind the immediate living being mediates itself with itself; and thus rises
  above its immediacy; only however to sink back into it again。 Life thus runs away; in the first
  instance; only into the false infinity of the progress ad infinitum。 The real result; however; of the
  process of life; in the point of its notion; is to merge and overcome that immediacy with which the
  idea; in the shape of life; is still beset。
  § 222
  In this manner however the idea of life has thrown off not some one particular
  and immediate 'This'; but this first immediacy as a whole。 It thus comes to itself;
  to its truth: it enters upon existence as a free Kind self…subsistent。 The death of
  merely immediate and individual vitality is the 'procession' of spirit。
  (b) Cognition in general
  §223
  The idea exists free for itself; in so far as it has universality for the medium of its
  existence … as objectivity itself has notional being … as the idea is its own object。
  Its subjectivity; thus universalised; is pure self…contained distinguishing of the
  idea…intuition which keeps itself in this identical universality。 But; as specific
  distinguishing; it is the further judgement of repelling itself as a totality from itself;
  and thus; in the first place; presupposing itself as an external universe。 There are
  two judgements; which though implicitly identical are not yet explicitly put as
  identical。
  § 224
  The relation of these two ideas; which implicitly and as life are identical; is thus
  one of correlation: and it is that correlativity which constitutes the characteristic of
  finitude in this sphere。 It is the relationship of reflection; seeing that the
  distinguishing of the idea in its own self is only the first judgement … presupposing
  the other and not yet supposing itself to constitute it。 And thus for the subjective
  idea the objective is the immediate world found ready to hand; or the idea as life
  is in the phenomenon of indi