all　the　labourers　depending　on　such。
  4。　　As　navigation　was　at　a　stop；　our　ships　neither　coming　in　or　going
  out　as　before；　so　the　seamen　were　all　out　of　employment；　and　many　of
  them　in　the　last　and　lowest　degree　of　distress；　and　with　the　seamen
  were　all　the　several　tradesmen　and　workmen　belonging　to　and
  depending　upon　the　building　and　fitting　out　of　ships；　such　as　ship…
  carpenters；　caulkers；　ropemakers；　dry　coopers；　sailmakers；
  anchorsmiths；　and　other　smiths；　blockmakers；　carvers；　gunsmiths；
  ship…chandlers；　ship…carvers；　and　the　like。　　The　masters　of　those
  perhaps　might　live　upon　their　substance；　but　the　traders　were
  universally　at　a　stop；　and　consequently　all　their　workmen　discharged。
  Add　to　these　that　the　river　was　in　a　manner　without　boats；　and　all　or
  most　part　of　the　watermen；　lightermen；　boat…builders；　and　lighter…
  builders　in　like　manner　idle　and　laid　by。
  5。　　All　families　retrenched　their　living　as　much　as　possible；　as　well
  those　that　fled　as　those　that　stayed；　so　that　an　innumerable　multitude
  of　footmen；　serving…men；　shopkeepers；　journeymen；　merchants'
  bookkeepers；　and　such　sort　of　people；　and　especially　poor　maid…
  servants；　were　turned　off；　and　left　friendless　and　helpless；　without
  employment　and　without　habitation；　and　this　was　really　a　dismal　article。
  I　might　be　more　particular　as　to　this　part；　but　it　may　suffice　to
  mention　in　general；　all　trades　being　stopped；　employment　ceased：　the
  labour；　and　by　that　the　bread；　of　the　poor　were　cut　off；　and　at　first
  indeed　the　cries　of　the　poor　were　most　lamentable　to　hear；　though　by
  the　distribution　of　charity　their　misery　that　way　was　greatly　abated。
  Many　indeed　fled　into　the　counties；　but　thousands　of　them　having
  stayed　in　London　till　nothing　but　desperation　sent　them　away；　death
  overtook　them　on　the　road；　and　they　served　for　no　better　than　the
  messengers　of　death；　indeed；　others　carrying　the　infection　along　with
  them；　spread　it　very　unhappily　into　the　remotest　parts　of　the　kingdom。
  Many　of　these　were　the　miserable　objects　of　despair　which　I　have
  mentioned　before；　and　were　removed　by　the　destruction　which
  followed。　　These　might　be　said　to　perish　not　by　the　infection　itself　but
  by　the　consequence　of　it；　indeed；　namely；　by　hunger　and　distress　and
  the　want　of　all　things：　being　without　lodging；　without　money；　without
  friends；　without　means　to　get　their　bread；　or　without　anyone　to　give　it
  them；　for　many　of　them　were　without　what　we　call　legal　settlements；
  and　so　could　not　claim　of　the　parishes；　and　all　the　support　they　had
  was　by　application　to　the　magistrates　for　relief；　which　relief　was　（to
  give　the　magistrates　their　due）　carefully　and　cheerfully　administered
  as　they　found　it　necessary；　and　those　that　stayed　behind　never　felt　the
  want　and　distress　of　that　kind　which　they　felt　who　went　away　in　the
  manner　above　noted。
  Let　any　one　who　is　acquainted　with　what　multitudes　of　people　get
  their　daily　bread　in　this　city　by　their　labour；　whether　artificers　or　mere
  workmen　…　I　say；　let　any　man　consider　what　must　be　the　miserable
  condition　of　this　town　if；　on　a　sudden；　they　should　be　all　turned　out　of
  employment；　that　labour　should　cease；　and　wages　for　work　be　no　more。
  This　was　the　case　with　us　at　that　time；　and　had　not　the　sums　of
  money　contributed　in　charity　by　well…disposed　people　of　every　kind；
  as　well　abroad　as　at　home；　been　prodigiously　great；　it　had　not　been　in
  the　power　of　the　Lord　Mayor　and　sheriffs　to　have　kept　the　public
  peace。　　Nor　were　they　without　apprehensions；　as　it　was；　that
  desperation　should　push　the　people　upon　tumults；　and　cause　them　to
  rifle　the　houses　of　rich　men　and　plunder　the　markets　of　provisions；　in
  which　case　the　country　people；　who　brought　provisions　very　freely
  and　boldly　to　town；　would　have　been　terrified　from　coming　any　more；
  and　the　town　would　have　sunk　under　an　unavoidable　famine。
  But　the　prudence　of　my　Lord　Mayor　and　the　Court　of　Aldermen
  within　the　city；　and　of　the　justices　of　peace　in　the　out…parts；　was　such；
  and　they　were　supported　with　money　from　all　parts　so　well；　that　the
  poor　people　were　kept　quiet；　and　their　wants　everywhere　relieved；　as
  far　as　was　possible　to　be　done。
  Two　things　besides　this　contributed　to　prevent　the　mob　doing　any
  mischief。　　One　was；　that　really　the　rich　themselves　had　not　laid　up
  stores　of　provisions　in　their　houses　as　indeed　they　ought　to　have　done；
  and　which　if　they　had　been　wise　enough　to　have　done；　and　locked
  themselves　entirely　up；　as　some　few　did；　they　had　perhaps　escaped　the
  disease　better。　　But　as　it　appeared　they　had　not；　so　the　mob　had　no
  notion　of　finding　stores　of　provisions　there　if　they　had　broken　in。　as　it
  is　plain　they　were　sometimes　very　near　doing；　and　which：　if　they　bad；
  they　had　finished　the　ruin　of　the　whole　city；　for　there　were　no　regular
  troops　to　have　withstood　them；　nor　could　the　trained　bands　have　been
  brought　together　to　defend　the　city；　no　men　being　to　be　found　to　bear　arms。
  But　the　vigilance　of　the　Lord　Mayor　and　such　magistrates　as　could
  be　had　（for　some；　even　of　the　aldermen；　were　dead；　and　some　absent）
  prevented　this；　and　they　did　it　by　the　most　kind　and　gentle　methods
  they　could　think　of；　as　particularly　by　relieving　the　most　desperate
  with　money；　and　putting　others　into　business；　and　particularly　that
  employment　of　watching　houses　that　were　infected　and　shut　up。　　And
  as　the　number　of　these　were　very　great　（for　it　was　said　there　was　at
  one　time　ten　thousand　houses　shut　up；　and　every　house　had　two
  watchmen　to　guard　it；　viz。；　one　by　night　and　the　other　by　day）；　this
  gave　opportunity　to　employ　a　very　great　number　of　poor　men　at　a
  time。
  The　women　and　servants　that　were　turned　off　from　their　places　were
  likewise　employed　as　nurses　to　tend　the　sick　in　all　places；　and　this
  took　off　a　very　great　number　of　them。
  And；　which　though　a　melancholy　article　in　itself；　yet　was　a
  deliverance　in　its　kind：　namely；　the　plague；　which　raged　in　a　dreadful
  manner　from　the　middle　of　August　to　the　middle　of　October；　carried
  off　in　that　time　thirty　or　forty　thousand　of　these　very　people　which；
  had　they　been　left；　would　certainly　have　been　an　insufferable　burden
  by　their　poverty；　that　is　to　say；　the　whole　city　could　not　have
  supported　the　expense　of　them；　or　have　provided　food　for　them；　and
  they　would　in　time　have　been　even　driven　to　the　necessity　of
  plundering　either　the　city　itself　or　the　country　adjacent；　to　have
  subsisted　themselves；　which　would　first　or　last　have　put　the　whole
  nation；　as　well　as　the　city；　into　the　utmost　terror　and　confusion。
  It　was　observable；　then；　that　this　calamity　of　the　people　made　them
  very　humble；　for　now　for　about　nine　weeks　together　there　died　near　a
  thousand　a　day；　one　day　with　another；　even　by　the　account　of　the
  weekly　bills；　which　yet；　I　have　reason　to　be　assured；　never　gave　a　full
  account；　by　many　thousands；　the　confusion　being　such；　and　the　carts
  working　in　the　dark　when　they　carried　the　dead；　that　in　some　places
  no　account　at　all　was　kept；　but　they　worked　on；　the　clerks　and　sextons
  not　attending　for　weeks　together；　and　not　knowing　what　number　they
  carried。　　This　account　is　verified　by　the　following　bills　of　mortality：　…
  Of　all　of　the
  Diseases。　　　　　　Plague
  From　August　　　8　　　　to　August　15　　　　　　　　　　5319　　　　　　　　　　3880
  〃　　　　　〃　　　　　　15　　　　　　　　　〃　　　　22　　　　　　　　　　5568　　　　　　　　　　4237
  〃　　　　　〃　　　　　　22　　　　　　　　　〃　　　　29　　　　　　　　　　7496　　　　　　　　　　6102
  〃　　　　　〃　　　　　　29　to　September　　5　　　　　　　　　　8252　　　　　　　　　　6988
  〃　　September　　5　　　　　　　　　〃　　　　12　　　　　　　　　　7690　　　　　　　　　　6544
  〃　　　　　〃　　　　　　12　　　　　　　　　〃　　　　19　　　　　　　　　　8297　　　　　　　　　　7165
  〃　　　　　〃　　　　　　19　　　　　　　　　〃　　　　26　　　　　　　　　　6460　　　　　　　　　　5533
  〃　　　　　〃　　　　　　26　to　October　　　　3　　　　　　　　　　5720　　　　　　　　　　4979
  〃　　　October　　　3　　　　　　　　　〃　　　　10　　　　　　　　　　5068　　　　　　　　　　4327
  …　　　　　　　　　…
  59；870　　　　　　　　49；705
  So　that　the　gross　of　the　people　were　carried　off　in　these　two　months；
  for；　as　the　whole　number　which　was　brought　in　to　die　of　the　plague
  was　but　68；590；　here　is　50；000　of　them；　within　a　trifle；　in　two　months；
  I　say　50；000；　because；　as　there　wants　295　in　the　number　above；　so
  there　wants　two　days　of　two　months　in　the　account　of　time。
  Now　when　I　say　that　the　parish　officers　did　not　give　in　a　full
  account；　or　were　not　to　be　depended　upon　for　their　account；　let　any
  one　but　consider　how　men　could　be　exact　in　such　a　time　of　dreadful
  distress；　and　when　many　of　them　were　taken　sick　themselves　and
  perhaps　died　in　the　very　time　when　their　accounts　were　to　be　given　in；
  I　mean　the　parish　clerks；　besides　inferior　officers；　for　though　these
  poor　men　ventured　at　all　hazards；　yet　they　were　far　from　being　exempt
  from　the　common　calamity；　especially　if　it　be　true　that　the　parish　of
  Stepney　had；　within　the　year；　116　sextons；　gravediggers；　and　their
  assistants；　that　is　to　say；　bearers；　bellmen；　and　drivers　of　carts　fo