第 23 节
作者:莫莫言      更新:2022-08-21 16:32      字数:9322
  He is about to commence his discourses on the Parmenides; that book
  in   which   we   generally  now   consider   that   Plato   has   been   most   untrue   to
  himself;   and   fallen   from   his   usual   inductive   method   to   the   ground   of   a
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  mere e priori theoriserand yet of which Proclus is reported to have said;
  and;   I   should   conceive;   said   honestly;   that   if   it;   the   Timaeus;   and   the
  Orphic   fragments   were   preserved;   he   did   not   care   whether   every   other
  book on earth were destroyed。           But how does he commence?
  〃I   pray   to  all  the  gods   and   goddesses      to  guide   my    reason   in  the
  speculation which lies before me; and having kindled in me the pure light
  of   truth; to   direct   my  mind   upward   to   the very  knowledge   of the   things
  which are; and to open the doors of my soul to receive the divine guidance
  of Plato; and; having directed my knowledge into the very brightness of
  being;    to  withdraw      me   from    the  various    forms    of  opinion;    from    the
  apparent wisdom; from the wandering about things which do not exist; by
  that purest intellectual exercise about the things which do exist; whereby
  alone the eye of the soul is nourished and brightened; as Socrates says in
  the Phaedrus; and that the Noetic Gods will give to me the perfect reason;
  and the Noeric Gods the power which leads up to this; and that the rulers
  of the Universe above the heaven will impart to me an energy unshaken by
  material   notions     and   emancipated       from   them;    and   those   to  whom   the
  world is given   as their dominion a  winged life;  and the  angelic choirs   a
  true manifestation of divine things; and the good daemons the fulness of
  the inspiration which comes from the Gods; and the heroes a grand; and
  venerable; and lofty fixedness of mind; and the whole divine race together
  a   perfect   preparation   for   sharing   in   Plato's   most   mystical   and   far…seeing
  speculations; which he declares to us himself in the Parmenides; with the
  profundity   befitting   such   topics;   but   which   he   (i。e。   his   master   Syrianus)
  completed by  his   most   pure   and   luminous   apprehensions;   who   did   most
  truly   share   the   Platonic   feast;   and   was   the   medium   for   transmitting   the
  divine   truth;   the   guide   in   our   speculations;   and   the   hierophant   of   these
  divine words; who; as I think; came down as a type of philosophy; to do
  good to the souls that are here; in place of idols; sacrifices; and the whole
  mystery of purification; a leader of salvation to the men who are now and
  who shall be hereafter。        And may the whole band of those who are above
  us be propitious; and may the whole force which they supply be at hand;
  kindling before us that light which; proceeding from them; may guide us
  to them。〃
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  Surely this is an interesting document。            The last Pagan Greek prayer;
  I believe; which we have on record; the death…wail of the old worldnot
  without a touch of melody。           One cannot altogether admire the style; it is
  inflated;  pedantic;  written;  I  fear;   with   a  considerable   consciousness   that
  he was saying the right thing and in the very finest way:                 but still it is a
  prayer。     A  cry   for   lightby   no   means;   certainly;   like   that   noble   one   in
  Tennyson's 〃In Memoriam:〃
  So runs my dream。         But what am I? An infant crying in the night;
  An infant crying for the light; And with no language but a cry。
  Yet   he   asks   for   light: perhaps   he   had   settled   already  for   himself
  like too many more of uswhat sort of light he chose to have:                    but still
  the eye is turned upward to the sun; not inward in conceited fancy that self
  is its own illumination。        He askssurely not in vain。         There was light to
  be had for asking。        That prayer certainly was not answered in the letter:
  it may have been ere now in the spirit。           And yet it is a sad prayer enough。
  Poor old man; and poor old philosophy!
  This he and his teachers had gained by despising the simpler and yet
  far profounder doctrine of the Christian schools; that the Logos; the Divine
  Teacher   in   whom   both   Christians   and   Heathens   believed;   was   the   very
  archetype of men; and that He had proved that fact by being made flesh;
  and dwelling bodily among them; that they might behold His glory; full of
  grace and truth; and see that it was at once the perfection of man and the
  perfection of God:        that that which was most divine was most human; and
  that which was most human; most divine。                That was the outcome of their
  metaphysic; that they had found the Absolute One; because One existed in
  whom  the   apparent   antagonism  between   that   which is   eternally  and   that
  which   becomes   in   time;   between   the   ideal   and   the   actual;   between   the
  spiritual and the material; in a word; between God and man; was explained
  and reconciled for ever。
  And     Proclus's   prayer;   on   the  other   hand;   was    the  outcome     of  the
  Neoplatonists'   metaphysic;   the   end   of   all   their   search   after   the   One;   the
  Indivisible; the Absolute; this cry to all manner of innumerable phantoms;
  ghosts     of  ideas;   ghosts   of   traditions;   neither   things   nor   persons;    but
  thoughts; to give the philosopher each something or other; according to the
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  nature of each。       Not that he very clearly defines what each is to give him;
  but still he feels himself in want of all manner of things; and it is as well to
  have   as   many   friends   at   court   as   possible   Noetic   Gods;   Noeric   Gods;
  rulers;    angels;    daemons;      heroesto     enable     him    to  do    what?      To
  understand       Plato's   most    mystical     and   far…seeing     speculations。      The
  Eternal Nous; the Intellectual Teacher has vanished further and further off;
  further off still some dim vision of a supreme Goodness。                   Infinite spaces
  above   that   looms   through   the   mist   of   the   abyss   a   Primaeval   One。    But
  even that has a predicate; for it is one; it is not pure essence。               Must there
  not    be  something      beyond     that  again;    which    is  not   even   one;   but   is
  nameless;      inconceivable;      absolute?     What      an  abyss!     How      shall  the
  human mind find anything whereon to rest; in the vast nowhere between it
  and the object of its search?          The search after the One issues in a wail to
  the innumerable; and kind gods; angels; and heroes; not human indeed; but
  still conceivable enough to satisfy at least the imagination; step in to fill
  the   void;   as   they   have   done   since;   and   may   do   again;   and   so;   as   Mr。
  Carlyle has it; 〃the bottomless pit got roofed over;〃 as it may be again ere
  long。
  Are     we   then    to   say;  that   Neoplatonism        was    a   failure?    That
  Alexandria; during four centuries of profound and earnest thought; added
  nothing? Heaven forbid that we should say so of a philosophy which has
  exercised on European thought; at the crisis of its noblest life and action;
  an influence as great as did the Aristotelian system during the Middle Ages。
  We must never forget; that during the two centuries which commence with
  the fall of Constantinople; and end with our civil wars; not merely almost
  all great thinkers; but courtiers; statesmen; warriors; poets; were more or
  less   Neoplatonists。       The   Greek   grammarians;   who   migrated   into   Italy;
  brought   with   them   the   works   of   Plotinus;   Iamblichus;   and   Proclus;   and
  their gorgeous reveries were welcomed eagerly by the European mind; just
  revelling     in   the   free   thought    of   youthful    manhood。        And     yet   the
  Alexandrian   impotence   for   any   practical   and   social   purposes   was   to   be
  manifested; as utterly as it was in Alexandria or in Athens of old。                 Ficinus
  and Picus of Mirandola worked no deliverance; either for Italian morals or
  polity;   at  a  time    when    such    deliverance    was    needed     bitterly  enough。
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  Neoplatonism  was   pet