第 22 节
作者:莫莫言      更新:2022-08-21 16:32      字数:9322
  cannot     wonder      at  the  old   Neoplatonists      for   attributing    these   strange
  phenomena to spiritual influence; when we see some who ought to know
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  better   doing   the   same   thing   now;   and   others;   who   more   wisely   believe
  them to be strictly physical and nervous; so utterly unable to give reasons
  for   them;   that   they   feel   it   expedient   to   ignore   them   for   awhile;   till   they
  know more about those physical phenomena which can be put under some
  sort of classification; and attributed to some sort of inductive law。
  But again。       These ecstasies; cures; and so forth; brought them rapidly
  back   to   the   old   priestcrafts。    The   Egyptian   priests;   the   Babylonian   and
  Jewish sorcerers; had practised all this as a trade for ages; and reduced it to
  an    art。   It   was    by   sleeping    in  the   temples     of   the  deities;    after  due
  mesmeric   manipulations;   that   cures   were   even   then   effected。   Surely   the
  old    priests   were    the   people    to  whom   to     go   for  information。      The    old
  philosophers   of   Greece   were   venerable。           How   much   more   those   of   the
  East;  in   comparison   with   whom  the  Greeks   were   children?               Besides;   if
  these daemons and deities were so near them; might it not be possible to
  behold them?         They seemed to have given up caring much for the world
  and its course …
  Effugerant adytis templisque relictis Di quibus imperium steterat。
  The old priests used to make them appearperhaps they might do it
  again。     And   if   spirit   could   act   directly  and   preternaturally  on   matter;   in
  spite of the laws   of matter; perhaps   matter might act   on spirit。 After   all;
  were matter and spirit so absolutely different?                  Was not spirit some sort
  of   pervading   essence;   some   subtle   ethereal   fluid;   differing   from   matter
  principally in being less gross and dense?                 This was the point to which
  they   went   down   rapidly   enough;   the   point   to   which   all   philosophies;   I
  firmly believe; will descend; which do not keep in sight that the spiritual
  means the moral。          In trying to make it mean exclusively the intellectual;
  they will degrade it to mean the merely logical and abstract; and when that
  is   found   to   be   a   barren   and   lifeless   phantom;   a   mere   projection   of   the
  human       brain;   attributing    reality   to  mere     conceptions      and   names;     and
  confusing       the    subject    with    the    object;    as   logicians     say    truly   the
  Neoplatonists did; then in despair; the school will try to make the spiritual
  something real; or; at least; something conceivable; by reinvesting it with
  the properties of matter; and talking of it as if it were some manner of gas;
  or heat; or electricity; or force; pervading time and space; conditioned by
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  the accidents of brute matter; and a part of that nature which is born to die。
  The     culmination      of  all  this   confusion     we    see  in   Proclus。     The
  unfortunate   Hypatia;   who   is   the   most   important   personage   between   him
  and Iamblichus; has left no writings to our times; we can only judge of her
  doctrine by that of her instructors and her pupils。               Proclus was taught by
  the men who had heard her lecture; and the golden chain of the Platonic
  succession      descended      from   her   to  him。    His    throne;   however;     was    at
  Athens; not at Alexandria。           After the murder of the maiden philosopher;
  Neoplatonism prudently retired to Greece。                But Proclus is so essentially
  the child of the Alexandrian school that we cannot pass him over。                    Indeed;
  according      to  M。   Cousin;     as  I  am   credibly   informed;     he   is  the  Greek
  philosopher;   the   flower   and   crown   of   all   its   schools;   in   whom;   says   the
  learned   Frenchman;   〃are   combined;   and   from   whom   shine   forth;   in   no
  irregular   or   uncertain   rays;   Orpheus;   Pythagoras;   Plato;  Aristotle;   Zeno;
  Plotinus; Porphyry; and Iamblichus;〃 and who 〃had so comprehended all
  religions in his mind; and paid them such equal reverence; that he was; as
  it were; the priest of the whole universe!〃
  I   have   not   the   honour   of   knowing   much   of   M。   Cousin's   works。       I
  never   came   across   them   but   on   one   small   matter   of   fact;   and   on   that   I
  found him copying at second hand an anachronism which one would have
  conceived palpable to any reader of the original authorities。                  This is all I
  know   of   him;   saving   these   his   raptures   over   Proclus;   of   which   I   have
  quoted only a small portion; and of which I can only say; in Mr。 Thomas
  Carlyle's words; 〃What things men will worship; in their extreme need!〃
  Other moderns; however; have expressed their admiration of Proclus; and;
  no doubt; many neat sayings may be found in him (for after all he was a
  Greek);   which   will   be   both   pleasing   and   useful   to   those   who   consider
  philosophic       method     to   consist    in   putting    forth   strings    of   brilliant
  apophthegms;   careless   about   either   their   consistency   or   coherence:          but
  of the method of Plato or Aristotle; any more than of that of Kant or Mill;
  you will find nothing in him。            He seems to my simplicity to be at once
  the    most   timid   and   servile   of   commentators;       and   the  most    cloudy   of
  declaimers。       He can rave symbolism like Jacob Bohmen; but without an
  atom   of    his  originality   and    earnestness。     He     can   develop    an   inverted
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  pyramid   of   daemonology;   like   Father   Newman   himself;   but   without   an
  atom   of   his   art;   his   knowledge   of   human   cravings。         He   combines   all
  schools;   truly;   Chaldee   and   Egyptian   as   well   as   Greek;   but   only   scraps
  from   their   mummies;   drops   from   their   quintessences;   which   satisfy   the
  heart and conscience as little as they do the logical faculties。                   His Greek
  gods   and   heroes;   even   his Alcibiades   and   Socrates;   are   〃ideas;〃   that   is;
  symbols of certain notions or qualities:               their flesh and bones; their heart
  and brain; have been distilled away; till nothing is left but a word; a notion;
  which may patch a hole in his huge heaven…and…earth… embracing system。
  He; too; is a commentator and a deducer; all has been discovered; and he
  tries to discover nothing more。              Those who followed him seem to have
  commented   on   his   comments。            With   him   Neoplatonism   properly   ends。
  Is   its  last  utterance     a  culmination      or  a  fall?   Have      the  Titans    sealed
  heaven;   or   died     of   old  age;   〃exhibiting;〃   as   Gibbon   says   of   them;   〃a
  deplorable instance of the senility of the human mind?〃 Read Proclus; and
  judge for yourselves:         but first contrive to finish everything else you have
  to   do   which   can   possibly  be   useful   to   any  human   being。        Life   is   short;
  and Artat least the art of obtaining practical guidance from the last of the
  Alexandriansvery long。
  And yetif Proclus and his school became gradually unfaithful to the
  great root…idea of their philosophy; we must not imitate them。                       We must
  not believe that the last of the Alexandrians was under no divine teaching;
  because   he   had   be…systemed   himself   into   confused   notions   of   what   that
  teaching was like。          Yes;  there  was good in poor old   Proclus; and   it   too
  came from the only source whence all good comes。                       Were there no good
  in   him   I   could   not   laugh   at   him   as   I   have   done;   I   could   only  hate   him。
  There are moments when he rises above his theories; moments when he
  recurs in spirit; if not in the letter; to the faith of Homer; almost to the faith
  of    Philo。    Whether       these   are   the   passages     of  his   which     his  modern
  admirers   prize   most;   I   cannot   tell。     I   should   fancy   not:    nevertheless   I
  will read you one of them。
  He is about to commence his discourses on the Parmenides; that book
  in   which   we   generally  n