第 9 节
作者:
莫莫言 更新:2022-08-21 16:32 字数:9322
themselves with reaffirming and verifying the conclusions of their earlier
years; and too often; alas! with denying and anathematising all conclusions
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which have been arrived at since their own meridian。 It is sad: but it is
patent and common。 It is sad to think that the day may come to each of
us; when we shall have ceased to hope for discovery and for progress;
when a thing will seem e priori false to us; simply because it is new; and
we shall be saying querulously to the Divine Light which lightens every
man who comes into the world: 〃Hitherto shalt thou come; and no
further。 Thou hast taught men enough; yea rather; thou hast exhausted
thine own infinitude; and hast no more to teach them。〃 Surely such a
temper is to be fought against; prayed against; both in ourselves; and in the
generation in which we live。 Surely there is no reason why such a
temper should overtake old age。 There may be reason enough; 〃in the
nature of things。〃 For that which is of nature is born only to decay and
die。 But in man there is more than dying nature; there is spirit; and a
capability of spiritual and everlasting life; which renews its youth like the
eagle's; and goes on from strength to strength; and which; if it have its
autumns and its winters; has no less its ever…recurring springs and
summers; if it has its Sabbaths; finds in them only rest and refreshment for
coming labour。 And why not in nations; societies; scientific schools?
These too are not merely natural: they are spiritual; and are only living
and healthy in as far as they are in harmony with spiritual; unseen; and
everlasting laws of God。 May not they; too; have a capability of
everlasting life; as long as they obey those laws in faith; and patience; and
humility? We cannot deny the analogy between the individual man and
these societies of men。 We cannot; at least; deny the analogy between
them in growth; decay; and death。 May we not have hope that it holds
good also for that which can never die; and that if they do die; as this old
Greek society did; it is by no brute natural necessity; but by their own
unfaithfulness to that which they knew; to that which they ought to have
known? It is always more hopeful; always; as I think; more philosophic;
to throw the blame of failure on man; on our own selves; rather than on
God; and the perfect law of His universe。 At least let us be sure for
ourselves; that such an old age as befell this Greek society; as befalls many
a man nowadays; need not be our lot。 Let us be sure that earth shows no
fairer sight than the old man; whose worn…out brain and nerves make it
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painful; and perhaps impossible; to produce fresh thought himself: but
who can yet welcome smilingly and joyfully the fresh thoughts of others;
who keeps unwearied his faith in God's government of the universe; in
God's continual education of the human race; who draws around him the
young and the sanguine; not merely to check their rashness by his wise
cautions; but to inspirit their sloth by the memories of his own past
victories; who hands over; without envy or repining; the lamp of truth to
younger runners than himself; and sits contented by; bidding the new
generation God speed along the paths untrodden by him; but seen afar off
by faith。 A few such old persons have I seen; both men and women; in
whom the young heart beat pure and fresh; beneath the cautious and
practised brain of age; and gray hairs which were indeed a crown of glory。
A few such have I seen; and from them I seemed to learn what was the
likeness of our Father who is in heaven。 To such an old age may He
bring you and me; and all for whom we are bound to pray。
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LECTURE IITHE PTOLEMAIC
ERA (Continued。)
I said in my first Lecture; that even if royal influence be profitable for
the prosecution of physical science; it cannot be profitable for art。 It can
only produce a literary age; as it did in the Ptolemaic era; a generation of
innumerable court…poets; artificial epigrammatists; artificial idyllists;
artificial dramatists and epicists; above all; a generation of critics。 Or
rather shall we say; that the dynasty was not the cause of a literary age; but
only its correlative? That when the old Greeks lost the power of being
free; of being anything but the slaves of oriental despots; as the Ptolemies
in reality were; they lost also the power of producing true works of art;
because they had lost that youthful vigour of mind from which both art
and freedom sprang? Let the case be as it will; Alexandrian literature need
not detain us longthough; alas! it has detained every boy who ever
trembled over his Greek grammar; for many a weary year; and; I cannot
help suspecting; has been the main cause that so many young men who
have spent seven years in learning Greek; know nothing about it at the end
of the seven。 For I must say; that as far as we can see; these Alexandrian
pedants were thorough pedants; very polished and learned gentlemen; no
doubt; and; like Callimachus; the pets of princes: but after all; men who
thought that they could make up for not writing great works themselves;
by showing; with careful analysis and commentation; how men used to
write them of old; or rather how they fancied men used to write them; for;
consider; if they had really known how the thing was done; they must
needs have been able to do it themselves。 Thus Callimachus; the
favourite of Ptolemy Philadelphus; and librarian of his Museum; is the
most distinguished grammarian; critic; and poet of his day; and has for
pupils Eratosthenes; Apollonius Rhodius; Aristophanes of Byzantium; and
a goodly list more。 He is an encyclopaedia in himself。 There is nothing
the man does not know; or probably; if we spoke more correctly; nothing
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he does not know about。 He writes on history; on the Museum; on
barbarous names; on the wonders of the world; on public games; on
colonisation; on winds; on birds; on the rivers of the world; and ominous
subjecta sort of comprehensive history of Greek literature; with a careful
classification of all authors; each under his own heading。 Greek
literature was rather in the sere and yellow leaf; be sure; when men
thought of writing that sort of thing about it。 But still; he is an
encyclopaedic man; and; moreover; a poet。 He writes an epic; 〃Aitia;〃 in
four books; on the causes of the myths; religious ceremonies; and so forth…
…an ominous sign for the myths also; and the belief in them; also a Hecate;
Galataea; Glaucusfour epics; besides comedies; tragedies; iambics;
choriambics; elegies; hymns; epigrams seventy…threeand of these last
alone can we say that they are in any degree readable; and they are courtly;
far…fetched; neat; and that is all。 Six hymns remain; and a few fragments
of the elegies: but the most famous elegy; on Berenice's hair; is
preserved to us only in a Latin paraphrase of Catullus。 It is curious; as
the earliest instance we have of genuinely ungenuine Court poetry; and of
the complimentary lie which does not even pretend to be true; the flattery
which will not take the trouble to prevent your seeing that it is laughing in
your face。
Berenic