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作者:
莫莫言 更新:2022-08-21 16:32 字数:9322
ALEXANDRIA AND HER SCHOOLS
ALEXANDRIA AND
HER SCHOOLS
By Charles Kingsley
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ALEXANDRIA AND HER SCHOOLS
PREFACE
I should not have presumed to choose for any lectures of mine such a
subject as that which I have tried to treat in this book。 The subject was
chosen by the Institution where the lectures were delivered。 Still less
should I have presumed to print them of my own accord; knowing how
fragmentary and crude they are。 They were printed at the special request
of my audience。 Least of all; perhaps; ought I to have presumed to
publish them; as I have done; at Cambridge; where any inaccuracy or
sciolism (and that such defects exist in these pages; I cannot but fear)
would be instantly detected; and severely censured: but nevertheless; it
seemed to me that Cambridge was the fittest place in which they could see
the light; because to Cambridge I mainly owe what little right method or
sound thought may be found in them; or indeed; in anything which I have
ever written。 In the heyday of youthful greediness and ambition; when
the mind; dazzled by the vastness and variety of the universe; must needs
know everything; or rather know about everything; at once and on the spot;
too many are apt; as I have been in past years; to complain of Cambridge
studies as too dry and narrow: but as time teaches the student; year by
year; what is really required for an understanding of the objects with
which he meets; he begins to find that his University; in as far as he has
really received her teaching into himself; has given him; in her criticism;
her mathematics; above all; in Plato; something which all the popular
knowledge; the lectures and institutions of the day; and even good books
themselves; cannot give; a boon more precious than learning; namely; the
art of learning。 That instead of casting into his lazy lap treasures which
he would not have known how to use; she has taught him to mine for them
himself; and has by her wise refusal to gratify his intellectual greediness;
excited his hunger; only that he may be the stronger to hunt and till for his
own subsistence; and thus; the deeper he drinks; in after years; at fountains
wisely forbidden to him while he was a Cambridge student; and sees his
old companions growing up into sound…headed and sound…hearted
practical men; liberal and expansive; and yet with a firm standing… ground
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for thought and action; he learns to complain less and less of Cambridge
studies; and more and more of that conceit and haste of his own; which
kept him from reaping the full advantage of her training。
These Lectures; as I have said; are altogether crude and fragmentary
how; indeed; could they be otherwise; dealing with so vast a subject; and
so long a period of time? They are meant neither as Essays nor as
Orations; but simply as a collection of hints to those who may wish to
work out the subject for themselves; and; I trust; as giving some glimpses
of a central idea; in the light of which the spiritual history of Alexandria;
and perhaps of other countries also; may be seen to have in itself a
coherence and organic method。
I was of course compelled; by the circumstances under which these
Lectures were delivered; to keep clear of all points which are commonly
called 〃controversial。〃 I cannot but feel that this was a gain; rather than a
loss; because it forced me; if I wished to give any interpretation at all of
Alexandrian thought; any Theodicy at all of her fate; to refer to laws which
I cannot but believe to be deeper; wider; more truly eternal than the points
which cause most of our modern controversies; either theological or
political; laws which will; I cannot but believe also; reassert themselves;
and have to be reasserted by all wise teachers; very soon indeed; and it
may be under most novel embodiments; but without any change in their
eternal spirit。
For I may say; I hope; now (what if said ten years ago would have only
excited laughter); that I cannot but subscribe to the opinion of the many
wise men who believe that Europe; and England as an integral part thereof;
is on the eve of a revolution; spiritual and political; as vast and awful as
that which took place at the Reformation; and that; beneficial as that
revolution will doubtless be to the destinies of mankind in general; it
depends upon the wisdom and courage of each nation individually;
whether that great deluge shall issue; as the Reformation did; in a fresh
outgrowth of European nobleness and strength or usher in; after pitiable
confusions and sorrows; a second Byzantine age of stereotyped
effeminacy and imbecility。 For I have as little sympathy with those who
prate so loudly of the progress of the species; and the advent of I know…
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not…what Cockaigne of universal peace and plenty; as I have with those
who believe on the strength of 〃unfulfilled prophecy;〃 the downfall of
Christianity; and the end of the human race to be at hand。 Nevertheless;
one may well believe that prophecy will be fulfilled in this great crisis; as
it is in every great crisis; although one be unable to conceive by what
method of symbolism the drying up of the Euphrates can be twisted to
signify the fall of Constantinople: and one can well believe that a day of
judgment is at hand; in which for every nation and institution; the wheat
will be sifted out and gathered into God's garner; for the use of future
generations; and the chaff burnt up with that fire unquenchable which will
try every man's work; without being of opinion that after a few more years
are over; the great majority of the human race will be consigned
hopelessly to never…ending torments。
If prophecy be indeed a divine message to man; if it be anything but a
cabbala; useless either to the simple…minded or to the logical; intended
only for the plaything of a few devout fancies; it must declare the
unchangeable laws by which the unchangeable God is governing; and has
always governed; the human race; and therefore only by understanding
what has happened; can we understand what will happen; only by
understanding history; can we understand prophecy; and that not merely
by picking outtoo often arbitrarily and unfairlya few names and dates
from the records of all the ages; but by trying to discover its organic laws;
and the causes which produce in nations; creeds; and systems; health and
disease; growth; change; decay and death。 If; in one small corner of this
vast field; I shall have thrown a single ray of light upon these subjectsif I
shall have done anything in these pages towards illustrating the pathology
of a single people; I shall believe that I have done better service to the
Catholic Faith and the Scriptures; than if I did really 〃know the times and
the seasons; which the Father has kept in His own hand。〃 For by the
former act I may have helped to make some one man more prudent and
brave to see and to do what God requires of him; by the latter I could only
add to that paralysis of superstitious fear; which is already but too
common among us; and but too likely to hinder us from doing our duty
manfully against our real foes; whether it be pestilence at home or tyranny
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abroad。
These last words lead me to another subject; on which I am bound to
say a few words。 I have; at the end of these Lectures; made some
allusion to t