第 74 节
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seclusion of the study or the cloister。
Contact with others is also requisite to enable a man to know
himself。 It is only by mixing freely in the world that one can
form a proper estimate of his own capacity。 Without such
experience; one is apt to become conceited; puffed…up; and
arrogant; at all events; he will remain ignorant of himself;
though he may heretofore have enjoyed no other company。
Swift once said: 〃It is an uncontroverted truth; that no man ever
made an ill…figure who understood his own talents; nor a good one
who mistook them。〃 Many persons; however; are readier to take
measure of the capacity of others than of themselves。 〃Bring him
to me;〃 said a certain Dr。 Tronchin; of Geneva; speaking of
Rousseau〃Bring him to me; that I may see whether he has got
anything in him!〃the probability being that Rousseau; who knew
himself better; was much more likely to take measure of Tronchin
than Tronchin was to take measure of him。
A due amount of self…knowledge is; therefore; necessary for those
who would BE anything or DO anything in the world。 It is also one
of the first essentials to the formation of distinct personal
convictions。 Frederic Perthes once said to a young friend: 〃You
know only too well what you CAN do; but till you have learned what
you CANNOT do; you will neither accomplish anything of moment; nor
know inward peace。〃
Any one who would profit by experience will never be above asking
for help。 He who thinks himself already too wise to learn of
others; will never succeed in doing anything either good or great。
We have to keep our minds and hearts open; and never be ashamed to
learn; with the assistance of those who are wiser and more
experienced than ourselves。
The man made wise by experience endeavours to judge correctly of
the thugs which come under his observation; and form the subject
of his daily life。 What we call common sense is; for the most
part; but the result of common experience wisely improved。 Nor is
great ability necessary to acquire it; so much as patience;
accuracy; and watchfulness。 Hazlitt thought the most sensible
people to be met with are intelligent men of business and of the
world; who argue from what they see and know; instead of spinning
cobweb distinctions of what things ought to be。
For the same reason; women often display more good sense than men;
having fewer pretensions; and judging of things naturally; by the
involuntary impression they make on the mind。 Their intuitive
powers are quicker; their perceptions more acute; their sympathies
more lively; and their manners more adaptive to particular ends。
Hence their greater tact as displayed in the management of others;
women of apparently slender intellectual powers often contriving
to control and regulate the conduct of men of even the most
impracticable nature。 Pope paid a high compliment to the
tact and good sense of Mary; Queen of William III。; when
he described her as possessing; not a science; but (what was
worth all else) prudence。
The whole of life may be regarded as a great school of experience;
in which men and women are the pupils。 As in a school; many of
the lessons learnt there must needs be taken on trust。 We may not
understand them; and may possibly think it hard that we have to
learn them; especially where the teachers are trials; sorrows;
temptations; and difficulties; and yet we must not only accept
their lessons; but recognise them as being divinely appointed。
To what extent have the pupils profited by their experience in the
school of life? What advantage have they taken of their
opportunities for learning? What have they gained in discipline
of heart and mind?how much in growth of wisdom; courage; self…
control? Have they preserved their integrity amidst prosperity;
and enjoyed life in temperance and moderation? Or; has life been
with them a mere feast of selfishness; without care or thought for
others? What have they learnt from trial and adversity? Have
they learnt patience; submission; and trust in God?or have they
learnt nothing but impatience; querulousness; and discontent?
The results of experience are; of course; only to be achieved by
living; and living is a question of time。 The man of experience
learns to rely upon Time as his helper。 〃Time and I against any
two;〃 was a maxim of Cardinal Mazarin。 Time has been described as
a beautifier and as a consoler; but it is also a teacher。 It is
the food of experience; the soil of wisdom。 It may be the friend
or the enemy of youth; and Time will sit beside the old as a
consoler or as a tormentor; according as it has been used or
misused; and the past life has been well or ill spent。
Time;〃 says George Herbert; 〃is the rider that breaks youth。〃 To
the young; how bright the new world looks!how full of novelty;
of enjoyment; of pleasure! But as years pass; we find the world
to be a place of sorrow as well as of joy。 As we proceed through
life; many dark vistas open upon usof toil; suffering;
difficulty; perhaps misfortune and failure。 Happy they who can
pass through and amidst such trials with a firm mind and pure
heart; encountering trials with cheerfulness; and standing erect
beneath even the heaviest burden!
A little youthful ardour is a great help in life; and is useful as
an energetic motive power。 It is gradually cooled down by Time;
no matter how glowing it has been; while it is trained and subdued
by experience。 But it is a healthy and hopeful indication of
character;to be encouraged in a right direction; and not to be
sneered down and repressed。 It is a sign of a vigorous unselfish
nature; as egotism is of a narrow and selfish one; and to begin
life with egotism and self…sufficiency is fatal to all breadth and
vigour of character。 Life; in such a case; would be like a year
in which there was no spring。 Without a generous seedtime; there
will be an unflowering summer and an unproductive harvest。 And
youth is the springtime of life; in which; if there be not a fair
share of enthusiasm; little will be attempted; and still less
done。 It also considerably helps the working quality; inspiring
confidence and hope; and carrying one through the dry details of
business and duty with cheerfulness and joy。
〃It is the due admixture of romance and reality;〃 said Sir Henry
Lawrence; 〃that best carries a man through life。。。 The quality of
romance or enthusiasm is to be valued as an energy imparted to the
human mind to prompt and sustain its noblest efforts。〃 Sir Henry
always urged upon young men; not that they should repress
enthusiasm; but sedulously cultivate and direct the feeling; as
one implanted for wise and noble purposes。 〃When the two
faculties of romance and reality;〃 he said; 〃are duly blended;
reality pursues a straight rough path to a desirable and
practicable result; while romance beguiles the road by pointing
out its beautiesby bestowing a deep and practical conviction
that; even in this dark and material existence; there may be found
a joy with which a stranger intermeddleth nota light that
shineth more and more unto the perfect day。〃 (1)
It was characteristic of Joseph Lancaster; when a boy of only
fourteen years of age; after reading 'Clarkson on the Slave
Trade;' to form the resolution of leaving his home and going out
to the West Indies to teach the poor blacks to read the Bible。
And he actually set out with a Bible and 'Pilgrim's Progress' in
his bundle; and only a few shillings in his purse。 He even
succeeded in reaching the West Indies; doubtless very much at a
loss how to set about his proposed work; but in the meantime his
distressed parents; having discovered whither he had gone; had him
speedily brought back; yet with his enthusiasm unabated; and from
that time forward he unceasingly devoted himself to the truly
philanthropic work of educating the destitute poor。 (2)
There needs all the force that enthusiasm can give to enable a man
to succeed in any great enterprise of life。 Without it; the
obstruction and difficulty he has to encounter on every side might
compel him to succumb; but with courage and perseverance; inspired
by enthusiasm; a man feels strong enough to face any danger; to
grapple with any difficulty。 What an enthusiasm was that of
Columbus; who; believing in the existence of a new world; braved
the dangers of unknown seas; and when those about him despaired
and rose up against him; threatening to cast him into the sea;
still stood firm upon his hope and courage until the great new
world at length rose upon the horizon!
The brave man will not be baffled; but tries and tries again until
he succeeds。 The tree does not fall at the first stroke; but only
by repeated strokes and after great labour。 We may see the
visible success at which a man has arrived; but forget the toil
and suffering and peril through which it has been achi