neglected；　it　should　ever　be　held　in　mind　that　there　is　something
  far　higher　and　nobler　to　be　aimed　atgreater　than　pleasure；
  greater　than　art；　greater　than　wealth；　greater　than　power；　greater
  than　intellect；　greater　than　geniusand　that　is；　purity　and
  excellence　of　character。　　Without　a　solid　sterling　basis　of
  individual　goodness；　all　the　grace；　elegance；　and　art　in　the　world
  would　fail　to　save　or　to　elevate　a　people。
  NOTES
  （1）　Locke　thought　it　of　greater　importance　that　an　educator　of　youth
  should　be　well…bred　and　well…tempered；　than　that　he　should　be
  either　a　thorough　classicist　or　man　of　science。　　Writing　to　Lord
  Peterborough　on　his　son's　education；　Locke　said：　〃Your　Lordship
  would　have　your　son's　tutor　a　thorough　scholar；　and　I　think　it　not
  much　matter　whether　he　be　any　scholar　or　no：　if　he　but　understand
  Latin　well；　and　have　a　general　scheme　of　the　sciences；　I　think
  that　enough。　　But　I　would　have　him　WELL…BRED　and　WELL…TEMPERED。〃
  （2）　Mrs。　Hutchinson's　'Memoir　of　the　Life　of　Lieut。…Colonel
  Hutchinson；'　p。　32。
  （3）　'Letters　and　Essays；'　p。　59。
  （4）　'Lettres　d'un　Voyageur。'
  （5）　Sir　Henry　Taylor's　'Statesman；'　p。　59。
  （6）　Introduction　to　the　'Principal　Speeches　and　Addresses　of　His　Royal
  Highness　the　Prince　Consort；'　1862。
  （7）　〃When　in　disgrace　with　fortune　and　men's　eyes；
  I　all　alone　beween　my　outcast　state；
  And　troubled　deaf　heaven　with　my　bootless　cries；
  And　look　upon　myself　and　curse　my　fate；
  WISHING　ME　LIKE　TO　ONE　MORE　RICH　IN　HOPE；
  Featured　like　him；　like　him　with　friends　possessed；
  Desiring　this　man's　art；　and　that　man's　scope；
  With　what　I　most　enjoy；　contented　least；
  Yet　in　these　thoughts；　MYSELF　ALMOST　DESPISING；
  Haply　I　think　on　thee；〃　&c。SONNET　XXIX。
  〃So　I；　MADE　LAME　by　sorrow's　dearest　spite；〃　&c。SONNET　XXXVI
  （8）　〃And　strength；　by　LIMPING　sway　disabled；〃　&c。SONNET　LXVI。
  〃Speak　of　MY　LAMENESS；　and　I　straight　will　halt。〃SONNET　LXXXIX。
  （9）　　〃Alas！　'tis　true；　I　have　gone　here　and　there；
  And　MADE　MYSELF　A　MOTLEY　TO　THE　VIEW；
  Gored　mine　own　thoughts；　sold　cheap　what　is　most　dear；
  Made　old　offences　of　affections　new；〃　&c。SONNET　CX。
  〃Oh；　for　my　sake　do　you　with　fortune　chide！
  The　guilty　goddess　of　my　harmful　deeds；
  That　did　not　better　for　my　life　provide；
  THAN　PUBLIC　MEANS；　WHICH　PUBLIC　MANNERS　BREED；
  Thence　comes　it　that　my　name　receives　a　brand；
  And　almost　thence　my　nature　is　subdued；
  To　what　it　works　in　like　the　dyer's　hand；〃　&c。SONNET　CXI。
  （10）　〃In　our　two　loves　there　is　but　one　respect；
  Though　in　our　loves　a　separable　spite；
  Which　though　it　alter　not　loves　sole　effect；
  Yet　doth　it　steal　sweet　hours　from　love's　delight；
  I　may　not　evermore　acknowledge　thee；
  Lest　MY　BEWAILED　GUILT　SHOULD　DO　THEE　SHAME。〃SONNET　XXXVI。
  （11）　It　is　related　of　Garrick；　that　when　subpoenaed　on　Baretti's　trial；
  and　required　to　give　his　evidence　before　the　courtthough　he　had
  been　accustomed　for　thirty　years　to　act　with　the　greatest　self…
  possession　in　the　presence　of　thousandshe　became　so　perplexed
  and　confused；　that　he　was　actually　sent　from　the　witness…box　by
  the　judge；　as　a　man　from　whom　no　evidence　could　be　obtained。
  （12）Mrs。　Mathews'　'Life　and　Correspondence　of　Charles　Mathews；'　（Ed。
  1860）　p。　232。
  （13）　Archbishop　Whately's　'Commonplace　Book。'
  （14）　Emerson　is　said　to　have　had　Nathaniel　Hawthorne　in　his　mind　when
  writing　the　following　passage　in　his　'Society　and　Solitude：'
  〃The　most　agreeable　compliment　you　could　pay　him　was；　to　imply
  that　you　had　not　observed　him　in　a　house　or　a　street　where　you　had
  met　him。　　Whilst　he　suffered　at　being　seen　where　he　was；　he
  consoled　himself　with　the　delicious　thought　of　the　inconceivable
  number　of　places　where　he　was　not。　　All　he　wished　of　his　tailor
  was　to　provide　that　sober　mean　of　colour　and　cut　which　would　never
  detain　the　eye　for　a　moment。。。。　　He　had　a　remorse；　running　to
  despair；　of　his　social　GAUCHERIES；　and　walked　miles　and　miles　to
  get　the　twitchings　out　of　his　face；　and　the　starts　and　shrugs　out
  of　his　arms　and　shoulders。　　'God　may　forgive　sins；'　he　said；　'but
  awkwardness　has　no　forgiveness　in　heaven　or　earth。'〃
  （15）　In　a　series　of　clever　articles　in　the　REVUE　DES　DEUX　MONDES；
  entitled；　'Six　mille　Lieues　a　toute　Vapeur；'　giving　a　description
  of　his　travels　in　North　America；　Maurice　Sand　keenly　observed　the
  comparatively　anti…social　proclivities　of　the　American　compared
  with　the　Frenchman。　　The　one；　he　says；　is　inspired　by　the　spirit
  of　individuality；　the　other　by　the　spirit　of　society。　　In　America
  he　sees　the　individual　absorbing　society；　as　in　France　he　sees
  society　absorbing　the　individual。　　〃Ce　peuple　Anglo…Saxon；〃　he
  says；　〃qui　trouvait　devant　lui　la　terre；　l'instrument　de　travail；
  sinon　inepuisable；　du　mons　inepuise；　s'est　mis　a　l'exploiter　sous
  l'inspiration　de　l'egoisme；　et　nous　autres　Francais；　nous　n'avons
  rien　su　en　faire；　parceque　NOUS　NE　POUVONS　RIEN　DANS
  L'ISOLEMENT。。。。　　L'Americain　supporte　la　solitude　avec　un
  stoicisme　admirable；　mais　effrayant；　il　ne　l'aime　pas；　il　ne　songe
  qu'a　la　detruire。。。。　　Le　Francais　est　tout　autre。　　Il　aime　son
  parent；　son　ami；　son　compagnon；　et　jusqu'a　son　voisin　d'omnibus　ou
  de　theatre；　si　sa　figure　lui　est　sympathetique。　　Pourquoi？　　Parce
  qu'il　le　regarde　et　cherche　son　ame；　parce　qu'il　vit　dans　son
  semblable　autant　qu'en　lui…meme。　　Quand　il　est　longtemps　seul；　il
  deperit；　et　quand　il　est　toujours　seul；　it　meurt。〃
  All　this　is　perfectly　true；　and　it　explains　why　the　comparatively
  unsociable　Germans；　English；　and　Americans；　are　spreading　over　the
  earth；　while　the　intensely　sociable　Frenchmen；　unable　to　enjoy
  life　without　each　other's　society；　prefer　to　stay　at　home；　and
  France　fails　to　extend　itself　beyond　France。
  （16）　The　Irish　have；　in　many　respects；　the　same　strong　social　instincts
  as　the　French。　　In　the　United　States　they　cluster　naturally　in　the
  towns；　where　they　have　their　〃Irish　Quarters；〃　as　in　England。
  They　are　even　more　Irish　there　than　at　home；　and　can　no　more
  forget　that　they　are　Irishmen　than　the　French　can　that　they　are
  Frenchmen。　　〃I　deliberately　assert；〃　says　Mr。　Maguire；　in　his
  recent　work　on　'The　Irish　in　America；'　〃that　it　is　not　within　the
  power　of　language　to　describe　adequately；　much　less　to　exaggerate；
  the　evils　consequent　on　the　unhappy　tendency　of　the　Irish　to
  congregate　in　the　large　towns　of　America。〃　　It　is　this　intense
  socialism　of　the　Irish　that　keeps　them　in　a　comparatively　hand…to…
  mouth　condition　in　all　the　States　of　the　Union。
  （17）　'The　Statesman；'　p。　35。
  （18）　Nathaniel　Hawthorne；　in　his　'First　Impressions　of　France　and
  Italy；'　says　his　opinion　of　the　uncleanly　character　of　the　modern
  Romans　is　so　unfavourable　that　he　hardly　knows　how　to　express　it
  〃But　the　fact　is　that　through　the　Forum；　and　everywhere　out　of　the
  commonest　foot…track　and　roadway；　you　must　look　well　to　your
  steps。。。。　　Perhaps　there　is　something　in　the　minds　of　the　people
  of　these　countries　that　enables　them　to　dissever　small　ugliness
  from　great　sublimity　and　beauty。　　They　spit　upon　the　glorious
  pavement　of　St。　Peter's；　and　wherever　else　they　like；　they　place
  paltry…looking　wooden　confessionals　beneath　its　sublime　arches；
  and　ornament　them　with　cheap　little　coloured　prints　of　the
  Crucifixion；　they　hang　tin　hearts；　and　other　tinsel　and　trumpery；
  at　the　gorgeous　shrines　of　the　saints；　in　chapels　that　are
  encrusted　with　gems；　or　marbles　almost　as　precious；　they　put
  pasteboard　statues　of　saints　beneath　the　dome　of　the　Pantheon；
  in　short；　they　let　the　sublime　and　the　ridiculous　come　close
  together；　and　are　not　in　the　least　troubled　by　the　proximity。〃
  （19）　Edwin　Chadwick's　'Address　to　the　Economic　Science　and　Statistic
  Section；'　British　Association　（Meeting；　1862）。
  CHAPTER　XCOMPANIONSHIP　OF　BOOKS。
  〃Books；　we　know；
  Are　a　substantial　world；　both　pure　and　good；
  Round　which；　with　tendrils　strong　as　flesh　and　blood；
  Our　pastime　and　our　happiness　can　grow。〃　WORDSWORTH。
  〃Not　only　in　the　common　speech　of　men；　but　in　all　art　toowhich
  is　or　should　be　the　concentrated　and　conserved　essence　of　what　men
  can　speak　and　showBiography　is　almost　the　one　thing　needful〃
  CARLYLE。
  〃I　read　all　biographies　with　intense　interest。　Even　a　man　without
  a　heart；　like　Cavendish；　I　think　about；　and　read　about；　and　dream
  about；　and　picture　to　myself　in　all　possible　ways；　till　he　grows
  into　a　living　being　beside　me；　and　I　put　my　feet　into　his　shoes；
  and　become　for　the　time　Cavendish；　and　think　as　he　thought；　and　do
  as　he　did。〃GEORGE　WILSON。
  〃My　thoughts　are　with　the　dead；　with　them
  I　live　in　long…past　years；
  Their　virtues　love；　their　faults　condemn；