第 41 节
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another; for he that loveth another hath fulfilled the law;〃
Thus duty rounds the whole of life; from our entrance into it
until our exit from itduty to superiors; duty to inferiors; and
duty to equalsduty to man; and duty to God。 Wherever there is
power to use or to direct; there is duty。 For we are but as
stewards; appointed to employ the means entrusted to us for our
own and for others' good。
The abiding sense of duty is the very crown of character。 It is
the upholding law of man in his highest attitudes。 Without it;
the individual totters and falls before the first puff of
adversity or temptation; whereas; inspired by it; the weakest
becomes strong and full of courage。 〃Duty;〃 says Mrs。 Jameson;
〃is the cement which binds the whole moral edifice together;
without which; all power; goodness; intellect; truth; happiness;
love itself; can have no permanence; but all the fabric of
existence crumbles away from under us; and leaves us at last
sitting in the midst of a ruin; astonished at our own desolation。〃
Duty is based upon a sense of justicejustice inspired by love;
which is the most perfect form of goodness。 Duty is not a
sentiment; but a principle pervading the life: and it exhibits
itself in conduct and in acts; which are mainly determined by
man's conscience and freewill。
The voice of conscience speaks in duty done; and without its
regulating and controlling influence; the brightest and greatest
intellect may be merely as a light that leads astray。 Conscience
sets a man upon his feet; while his will holds him upright。
Conscience is the moral governor of the heartthe governor of
right action; of right thought; of right faith; of right life
and only through its dominating influence can the noble and
upright character be fully developed。
The conscience; however; may speak never so loudly; but without
energetic will it may speak in vain。 The will is free to choose
between the right course and the wrong one; but the choice is
nothing unless followed by immediate and decisive action。 If the
sense of duty be strong; and the course of action clear; the
courageous will; upheld by the conscience; enables a man to
proceed on his course bravely; and to accomplish his purposes in
the face of all opposition and difficulty。 And should failure be
the issue; there will remain at least this satisfaction; that it
has been in the cause of duty。
〃Be and continue poor; young man;〃 said Heinzelmann;〃 while others
around you grow rich by fraud and disloyalty; be without place or
power while others beg their way upwards; bear the pain of
disappointed hopes; while others gain the accomplishment of theirs
by flattery; forego the gracious pressure of the hand; for which
others cringe and crawl。 Wrap yourself in your own virtue; and
seek a friend and your daily bread。 If you have in your own cause
grown gray with unbleached honour; bless God and die!〃
Men inspired by high principles are often required to sacrifice
all that they esteem and love rather than fail in their duty。
The old English idea of this sublime devotion to duty was expressed
by the loyalist poet to his sweetheart; on taking up arms for
his sovereign:…
〃I could love thee; dear; so much;
Loved I not honour more。' (1)
And Sertorius has said: 〃The man who has any dignity of character;
should conquer with honour; and not use any base means even to
save his life。〃 So St。 Paul; inspired by duty and faith; declared
himself as not only 〃ready to be bound; but to die at Jerusalem。〃
When the Marquis of Pescara was entreated by the princes of Italy
to desert the Spanish cause; to which he was in honour bound; his
noble wife; Vittoria Colonna; reminded him of his duty。 She wrote
to him: 〃Remember your honour; which raises you above fortune and
above kings; by that alone; and not by the splendour of titles; is
glory acquiredthat glory which it will be your happiness and
pride to transmit unspotted to your posterity。〃 Such was the
dignified view which she took of her husband's honour; and when he
fell at Pavia; though young and beautiful; and besought by many
admirers; she betook herself to solitude; that she might lament
over her husband's loss and celebrate his exploits。 (2)
To live really; is to act energetically。 Life is a battle to be
fought valiantly。 Inspired by high and honourable resolve; a man
must stand to his post; and die there; if need be。 Like the old
Danish hero; his determination should be; 〃to dare nobly; to will
strongly; and never to falter in the path of duty。〃 The power of
will; be it great or small; which God has given us; is a Divine
gift; and we ought neither to let it perish for want of using on
the one hand; nor profane it by employing it for ignoble purposes
on the other。 Robertson; of Brighton; has truly said; that man's
real greatness consists not in seeking his own pleasure; or fame;
or advancement〃not that every one shall save his own life; not
that every man shall seek his own glorybut that every man shall
do his own duty。〃
What most stands in the way of the performance of duty; is
irresolution; weakness of purpose; and indecision。 On the one
side are conscience and the knowledge of good and evil; on the
other are indolence; selfishness; love of pleasure; or passion。
The weak and ill…disciplined will may remain suspended for a time
between these influences; but at length the balance inclines one
way or the other; according as the will is called into action or
otherwise。 If it be allowed to remain passive; the lower
influence of selfishness or passion will prevail; and thus manhood
suffers abdication; individuality is renounced; character is
degraded; and the man permits himself to become the mere passive
slave of his senses。
Thus; the power of exercising the will promptly; in obedience to
the dictates of conscience; and thereby resisting the impulses of
the lower nature; is of essential importance in moral discipline;
and absolutely necessary for the development of character in its
best forms。 To acquire the habit of well…doing; to resist evil
propensities; to fight against sensual desires; to overcome inborn
selfishness; may require a long and persevering discipline; but
when once the practice of duty is learnt; it becomes consolidated
in habit; and thence…forward is comparatively easy。
The valiant good man is he who; by the resolute exercise of his
freewill; has so disciplined himself as to have acquired the habit
of virtue; as the bad man is he who; by allowing his freewill to
remain inactive; and giving the bridle to his desires and
passions; has acquired the habit of vice; by which he becomes; at
last; bound as by chains of iron。
A man can only achieve strength of purpose by the action of his
own freewill。 If he is to stand erect; it must be by his own
efforts; for he cannot be kept propped up by the help of others。
He is master of himself and of his actions。 He can avoid
falsehood; and be truthful; he can shun sensualism; and be
continent; he can turn aside from doing a cruel thing; and be
benevolent and forgiving。 All these lie within the sphere of
individual efforts; and come within the range of self…discipline。
And it depends upon men themselves whether in these respects they
will be free; pure; and good on the one hand; or enslaved; impure;
and miserable on the other。
Among the wise sayings of Epictetus we find the following: 〃We do
not choose our own parts in life; and have nothing to do with
those parts: our simple duty is confined to playing them well。
The slave may be as free as the consul; and freedom is the chief
of blessings; it dwarfs all others; beside it all others are
insignificant; with it all others are needless; without it no
others are possible。。。。 You must teach men that happiness is not
where; in their blindness and misery; they seek it。 It is not in
strength; for Myro and Ofellius were not happy; not in wealth; for
Croesus was not happy; not in power; for the Consuls were not
happy; not in all these together; for Nero and Sardanapulus and
Agamemnon sighed and wept and tore their hair; and were the slaves
of circumstances and the dupes of semblances。 It lies in
yourselves; in true freedom; in the absence or conquest of every
ignoble fear; in perfect self…government; and in a power of
contentment and peace; and the even flow of life amid poverty;
exile; disease; and the very valley of the shadow of death。〃 (3)
The sense of duty is a sustaining power even to a courageous man。
It holds him upright; and makes him strong。 It was a noble saying
of Pompey; when his friends tried to dissuade him from embarking
for Rome in a storm; telling him that he did so at the great peril
of his life: 〃It is necessary for me to go;〃 he said; 〃it is not
necessary for me to live。〃 What it was right that he should do;
he would do; i