第 12 节
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importance in the home。 Work can only be got through by method。
Muddle flies before it; and hugger…mugger becomes a thing unknown。
Method demands punctuality; another eminently business quality。
The unpunctual woman; like the unpunctual man; occasions dislike;
because she consumes and wastes time; and provokes the reflection
that we are not of sufficient importance to make her more prompt。
To the business man; time is money; but to the business woman;
method is moreit is peace; comfort; and domestic prosperity。
Prudence is another important business quality in women; as in
men。 Prudence is practical wisdom; and comes of the cultivated
judgment。 It has reference in all things to fitness; to
propriety; judging wisely of the right thing to be done; and
the right way of doing it。 It calculates the means; order;
time; and method of doing。 Prudence learns from experience;
quickened by knowledge。
For these; amongst other reasons; habits of business are necessary
to be cultivated by all women; in order to their being efficient
helpers in the world's daily life and work。 Furthermore; to
direct the power of the home aright; women; as the nurses;
trainers; and educators of children; need all the help and
strength that mental culture can give them。
Mere instinctive love is not sufficient。 Instinct; which
preserves the lower creatures; needs no training; but human
intelligence; which is in constant request in a family; needs to
be educated。 The physical health of the rising generation is
entrusted to woman by Providence; and it is in the physical nature
that the moral and mental nature lies enshrined。 It is only by
acting in accordance with the natural laws; which before she can
follow woman must needs understand; that the blessings of health
of body; and health of mind and morals; can be secured at home。
Without a knowledge of such laws; the mother's love too often
finds its recompence only in a child's coffin。 (19)
It is a mere truism to say that the intellect with which woman as
well as man is endowed; has been given for use and exercise; and
not 〃to fust in her unused。〃 Such endowments are never conferred
without a purpose。 The Creator may be lavish in His gifts; but he
is never wasteful。
Woman was not meant to be either an unthinking drudge; or the
merely pretty ornament of man's leisure。 She exists for herself;
as well as for others; and the serious and responsible duties she
is called upon to perform in life; require the cultivated head as
well as the sympathising heart。 Her highest mission is not to be
fulfilled by the mastery of fleeting accomplishments; on which so
much useful time is now wasted; for; though accomplishments may
enhance the charms of youth and beauty; of themselves sufficiently
charming; they will be found of very little use in the affairs
of real life。
The highest praise which the ancient Romans could express of a
noble matron was that she sat at home and span〃DOMUM MANSIT;
LANAM FECIT。〃 In our own time; it has been said that chemistry
enough to keep the pot boiling; and geography enough to know the
different rooms in her house; was science enough for any woman;
whilst Byron; whose sympathies for woman were of a very imperfect
kind; professed that he would limit her library to a Bible and a
cookery…book。 But this view of woman's character and culture is
as absurdly narrow and unintelligent; on the one hand; as the
opposite view; now so much in vogue; is extravagant and unnatural
on the otherthat woman ought to be educated so as to be as much
as possible the equal of man; undistinguishable from him; except
in sex; equal to him in rights and votes; and his competitor in
all that makes life a fierce and selfish struggle for place and
power and money。
Speaking generally; the training and discipline that are most
suitable for the one sex in early life; are also the most suitable
for the other; and the education and culture that fill the mind of
the man will prove equally wholesome for the woman。 Indeed; all
the arguments which have yet been advanced in favour of the higher
education of men; plead equally strongly in favour of the higher
education of women。 In all the departments of home; intelligence
will add to woman's usefulness and efficiency。 It will give her
thought and forethought; enable her to anticipate and provide for
the contingencies of life; suggest improved methods of management;
and give her strength in every way。 In disciplined mental power
she will find a stronger and safer protection against deception
and imposture than in mere innocent and unsuspecting ignorance; in
moral and religious culture she will secure sources of influence
more powerful and enduring than in physical attractions; and in
due self…reliance and self…dependence she will discover the truest
sources of domestic comfort and happiness。
But while the mind and character of women ought to be cultivated
with a view to their own wellbeing; they ought not the less to be
educated liberally with a view to the happiness of others。 Men
themselves cannot be sound in mind or morals if women be the
reverse; and if; as we hold to be the case; the moral condition of
a people mainly depends upon the education of the home; then the
education of women is to be regarded as a matter of national
importance。 Not only does the moral character but the mental
strength of man find their best safeguard and support in the moral
purity and mental cultivation of woman; but the more completely
the powers of both are developed; the more harmonious and well…
ordered will society bethe more safe and certain its elevation
and advancement。
When about fifty years since; the first Napoleon said that the
great want of France was mothers; he meant; in other words; that
the French people needed the education of homes; provided over by
good; virtuous; intelligent women。 Indeed; the first French
Revolution presented one of the most striking illustrations of the
social mischiefs resulting from a neglect of the purifying
influence of women。 When that great national outbreak occurred;
society was impenetrated with vice and profligacy。 Morals;
religion; virtue; were swamped by sensualism。 The character of
woman had become depraved。 Conjugal fidelity was disregarded;
maternity was held in reproach; family and home were alike
corrupted。 Domestic purity no longer bound society together。
France was motherless; the children broke loose; and the
Revolution burst forth; 〃amidst the yells and the fierce violence
of women。〃 (20)
But the terrible lesson was disregarded; and again and again
France has grievously suffered from the want of that discipline;
obedience; self…control; and self…respect which can only be truly
learnt at home。 It is said that the Third Napoleon attributed the
recent powerlessness of France; which left her helpless and
bleeding at the feet of her conquerors; to the frivolity and lack
of principle of the people; as well as to their love of pleasure
which; however; it must be confessed; he himself did not a little
to foster。 It would thus seem that the discipline which France
still needs to learn; if she would be good and great; is that
indicated by the First Napoleonhome education by good mothers。
The influence of woman is the same everywhere。 Her condition
influences the morals; manners; and character of the people in all
countries。 Where she is debased; society is debased; where she is
morally pure and enlightened; society will be proportionately
elevated。
Hence; to instruct woman is to instruct man; to elevate her
character is to raise his own; to enlarge her mental freedom is to
extend and secure that of the whole community。 For Nations are
but the outcomes of Homes; and Peoples of Mothers。
But while it is certain that the character of a nation will be
elevated by the enlightenment and refinement of woman; it is much
more than doubtful whether any advantage is to be derived from her
entering into competition with man in the rough work of business
and polities。 Women can no more do men's special work in the
world than men can do women's。 And wherever woman has been
withdrawn from her home and family to enter upon other work; the
result has been socially disastrous。 Indeed; the efforts of some
of the best philanthropists have of late years been devoted to
withdrawing women from toiling alongside of men in coalpits;
factories; nailshops; and brickyards。
It is still not uncommon in the North for the husbands to be idle
at home; while the mothers and daughters are working in the
factory; the result being; in many cases; an entire subversion of
family order; of domestic discipline; and of home rule。 (21) And
for many years past; in Paris; that state of things has been
reached which some women desire to effect amongst ourselves。 The
women there mainly attend to busin