waste　paper；　a　manboots　and　spurs；　hat　and　cravat；　trinkets　and
  gold；　and　all〃
  〃What　a　fearful　machine！〃
  〃Instead　of　flinging　their　brats　into　the　water；　the　Chinese　ought　to
  make　them　useful　in　this　way；〃　the　man　of　science　went　on；　without
  reflecting　on　the　regard　man　has　for　his　progeny。
  Quite　absorbed　by　his　idea；　Planchette　took　an　empty　flower…pot；　with
  a　hole　in　the　bottom；　and　put　it　on　the　surface　of　the　dial；　then　he
  went　to　look　for　a　little　clay　in　a　corner　of　the　garden。　Raphael
  stood　spellbound；　like　a　child　to　whom　his　nurse　is　telling　some
  wonderful　story。　Planchette　put　the　clay　down　upon　the　slab；　drew　a
  pruning…knife　from　his　pocket；　cut　two　branches　from　an　elder　tree；
  and　began　to　clean　them　of　pith　by　blowing　through　them；　as　if　Raphael
  had　not　been　present。
  〃There　are　the　rudiments　of　the　apparatus；〃　he　said。　Then　he　connected
  one　of　the　wooden　pipes　with　the　bottom　of　the　flower…pot　by　way　of　a
  clay　joint；　in　such　a　way　that　the　mouth　of　the　elder　stem　was　just
  under　the　hole　of　the　flower…pot；　you　might　have　compared　it　to　a　big
  tobacco…pipe。　He　spread　a　bed　of　clay　over　the　surface　of　the　slab；　in
  a　shovel…shaped　mass；　set　down　the　flower…pot　at　the　wider　end　of　it；
  and　laid　the　pipe　of　the　elder　stem　along　the　portion　which
  represented　the　handle　of　the　shovel。　Next　he　put　a　lump　of　clay　at
  the　end　of　the　elder　stem　and　therein　planted　the　other　pipe；　in　an
  upright　position；　forming　a　second　elbow　which　connected　it　with　the
  first　horizontal　pipe　in　such　a　manner　that　the　air；　or　any　given
  fluid　in　circulation；　could　flow　through　this　improvised　piece　of
  mechanism　from　the　mouth　of　the　vertical　tube；　along　the　intermediate
  passages；　and　so　into　the　large　empty　flower…pot。
  〃This　apparatus；　sir；〃　he　said　to　Raphael；　with　all　the　gravity　of　an
  academician　pronouncing　his　initiatory　discourse；　〃is　one　of　the　great
  Pascal's　grandest　claims　upon　our　admiration。〃
  〃I　don't　understand。〃
  The　man　of　science　smiled。　He　went　up　to　a　fruit…tree　and　took　down　a
  little　phial　in　which　the　druggist　had　sent　him　some　liquid　for
  catching　ants；　he　broke　off　the　bottom　and　made　a　funnel　of　the　top；
  carefully　fitting　it　to　the　mouth　of　the　vertical　hollowed　stem　that
  he　had　set　in　the　clay；　and　at　the　opposite　end　to　the　great
  reservoir；　represented　by　the　flower…pot。　Next；　by　means　of　a
  watering…pot；　he　poured　in　sufficient　water　to　rise　to　the　same　level
  in　the　large　vessel　and　in　the　tiny　circular　funnel　at　the　end　of　the
  elder　stem。
  Raphael　was　thinking　of　his　piece　of　skin。
  〃Water　is　considered　to…day；　sir；　to　be　an　incompressible　body；〃　said
  the　mechanician；　〃never　lose　sight　of　that　fundamental　principle；
  still　it　can　be　compressed；　though　only　so　very　slightly　that　we
  should　regard　its　faculty　for　contracting　as　a　zero。　You　see　the
  amount　of　surface　presented　by　the　water　at　the　brim　of　the　flower…
  pot？〃
  〃Yes；　sir。〃
  〃Very　good；　now　suppose　that　that　surface　is　a　thousand　times　larger
  than　the　orifice　of　the　elder　stem　through　which　I　poured　the　liquid。
  Here；　I　am　taking　the　funnel　away〃
  〃Granted。〃
  〃Well；　then；　if　by　any　method　whatever　I　increase　the　volume　of　that
  quantity　of　water　by　pouring　in　yet　more　through　the　mouth　of　the
  little　tube；　the　water　thus　compelled　to　flow　downwards　would　rise　in
  the　reservoir；　represented　by　the　flower…pot；　until　it　reached　the
  same　level　at　either　end。〃
  〃That　is　quite　clear；〃　cried　Raphael。
  〃But　there　is　this　difference；〃　the　other　went　on。　〃Suppose　that　the
  thin　column　of　water　poured　into　the　little　vertical　tube　there　exerts
  a　force　equal；　say；　to　a　pound　weight；　for　instance；　its　action　will
  be　punctually　communicated　to　the　great　body　of　the　liquid；　and　will
  be　transmitted　to　every　part　of　the　surface　represented　by　the　water
  in　the　flower…pot　so　that　at　the　surface　there　will　be　a　thousand
  columns　of　water；　every　one　pressing　upwards　as　if　they　were　impelled
  by　a　force　equal　to　that　which　compels　the　liquid　to　descend　in　the
  vertical　tube；　and　of　necessity　they　reproduce　here；〃　said　Planchette；
  indicating　to　Raphael　the　top　of　the　flower…pot；　〃the　force　introduced
  over　there；　a　thousand…fold；〃　and　the　man　of　science　pointed　out　to
  the　marquis　the　upright　wooden　pipe　set　in　the　clay。
  〃That　is　quite　simple；〃　said　Raphael。
  Planchette　smiled　again。
  〃In　other　words；〃　he　went　on；　with　the　mathematician's　natural
  stubborn　propensity　for　logic；　〃in　order　to　resist　the　force　of　the
  incoming　water；　it　would　be　necessary　to　exert；　upon　every　part　of　the
  large　surface；　a　force　equal　to　that　brought　into　action　in　the
  vertical　column；　but　with　this　differenceif　the　column　of　liquid　is
  a　foot　in　height；　the　thousand　little　columns　of　the　wide　surface　will
  only　have　a　very　slight　elevating　power。
  〃Now；〃　said　Planchette；　as　he　gave　a　fillip　to　his　bits　of　stick；　〃let
  us　replace　this　funny　little　apparatus　by　steel　tubes　of　suitable
  strength　and　dimensions；　and　if　you　cover　the　liquid　surface　of　the
  reservoir　with　a　strong　sliding　plate　of　metal；　and　if　to　this　metal
  plate　you　oppose　another；　solid　enough　and　strong　enough　to　resist　any
  test；　if；　furthermore；　you　give　me　the　power　of　continually　adding
  water　to　the　volume　of　liquid　contents　by　means　of　the　little　vertical
  tube；　the　object　fixed　between　the　two　solid　metal　plates　must　of
  necessity　yield　to　the　tremendous　crushing　force　which　indefinitely
  compresses　it。　The　method　of　continually　pouring　in　water　through　a
  little　tube；　like　the　manner　of　communicating　force　through　the　volume
  of　the　liquid　to　a　small　metal　plate；　is　an　absurdly　primitive
  mechanical　device。　A　brace　of　pistons　and　a　few　valves　would　do　it
  all。　Do　you　perceive；　my　dear　sir；〃　he　said　taking　Valentin　by　the
  arm；　〃there　is　scarcely　a　substance　in　existence　that　would　not　be
  compelled　to　dilate　when　fixed　in　between　these　two　indefinitely
  resisting　surfaces？〃
  〃What！　the　author　of　the　Lettres　provinciales　invented　it？〃　Raphael
  exclaimed。
  〃He　and　no　other；　sir。　The　science　of　mechanics　knows　no　simpler　nor
  more　beautiful　contrivance。　The　opposite　principle；　the　capacity　of
  expansion　possessed　by　water；　has　brought　the　steam…engine　into　being。
  But　water　will　only　expand　up　to　a　certain　point；　while　its
  incompressibility；　being　a　force　in　a　manner　negative；　is；　of
  necessity；　infinite。〃
  〃If　this　skin　is　expanded；〃　said　Raphael；　〃I　promise　you　to　erect　a
  colossal　statue　to　Blaise　Pascal；　to　found　a　prize　of　a　hundred
  thousand　francs　to　be　offered　every　ten　years　for　the　solution　of　the
  grandest　problem　of　mechanical　science　effected　during　the　interval；
  to　find　dowries　for　all　your　cousins　and　second　cousins；　and　finally
  to　build　an　asylum　on　purpose　for　impoverished　or　insane
  mathematicians。〃
  〃That　would　be　exceedingly　useful；〃　Planchette　replied。　〃We　will　go　to
  Spieghalter　to…morrow；　sir；〃　he　continued；　with　the　serenity　of　a　man
  living　on　a　plane　wholly　intellectual。　〃That　distinguished　mechanic
  has　just　completed；　after　my　own　designs；　an　improved　mechanical
  arrangement　by　which　a　child　could　get　a　thousand　trusses　of　hay
  inside　his　cap。〃
  〃Then　good…bye　till　to…morrow。〃
  〃Till　to…morrow；　sir。〃
  〃Talk　of　mechanics！〃　cried　Raphael；　〃isn't　it　the　greatest　of　the
  sciences？　The　other　fellow　with　his　onagers；　classifications；　ducks；
  and　species；　and　his　phials　full　of　bottled　monstrosities；　is　at　best
  only　fit　for　a　billiard…marker　in　a　saloon。〃
  The　next　morning　Raphael　went　off　in　great　spirits　to　find　Planchette；
  and　together　they　set　out　for　the　Rue　de　la　Santeauspicious
  appellation！　Arrived　at　Spieghalter's；　the　young　man　found　himself　in
  a　vast　foundry；　his　eyes　lighted　upon　a　multitude　of　glowing　and
  roaring　furnaces。　There　was　a　storm　of　sparks；　a　deluge　of　nails；　an
  ocean　of　pistons；　vices；　levers；　valves；　girders；　files；　and　nuts；　a
  sea　of　melted　metal；　baulks　of　timber　and　bar…steel。　Iron　filings
  filled　your　throat。　There　was　iron　in　the　atmosphere；　the　men　were
  covered　with　it；　everything　reeked　of　iron。　The　iron　seemed　to　be　a
  living　organism；　it　became　a　fluid；　moved；　and　seemed　to　shape　itself
  intelligently　after　every　fashion；　to　obey　the　worker's　every　caprice。
  Through　the　uproar　made　by　the　bellows；　the　crescendo　of　the　falling
  hammers；　and　the　shrill　sounds　of　the　lathes　that　drew　groans　from　the
  steel；　Raphael　passed　into　a　large；　clean；　and　airy　place　where　he　was
  able　to　inspect　at　his　leisure　the　great　press　that　Planchette　had
  told　him　about。　He　admired　the　cast…iron　beams；　as　one　might　call
  them；　and　the　twin　bars　of　steel　coupled　together　with　indestructible
  bolts。
  〃If　you　were　to　give　seven　rapid　turns　to　that　crank；〃　said
  Spieghalter；　pointing　out　a　beam　of　polished　steel；　〃you　would　make　a
  steel　bar　spurt　out　in　thousands　of　jets；　that　would　get　into　your
  legs　like　needles。〃
  〃The　deuce！〃　exclaimed　Raphael。
  Planchette　himself　slipped　the　piece　of　skin　between　the　metal　plates
  of　the　all…powerful　press；　and；　brimful　of　the　certainty　of　a
  scientific　conviction；　he　worked　the　crank　energetically。
  〃Lie　flat；　all　of　you；　we　are　dead　men！〃　thundered　Spieghalter；　as　he
  himself　fell　prone　on　the　floor。
  A　hideous　shrieking　sound　rang　through　the　workshops。