een　separated　with　his　cavalry　from　his　infantry。　〃But　now；〃　said　he；　〃we　find　ourselves　at　dawn　of　day　all　happily　together；　just　as　we　ought　to　be。　Do　you　wait　for　me　here；〃　he　proceeded；　〃and　recruit　yourselves。　I　will　take　a　look　round　and　rejoin　you。〃　So　saying　he　took　a　certain　path　over　hill　and　rode　off。　As　soon　as　he　had　reached　deep　snow；　he　looked　to　see　whether　there　were　footprints　of　human　beings　leading　forward　or　in　the　opposite　direction；　and　having　satisfied　himself　that　the　road　was　untrodden；　back　he　came；　exclaiming：　〃God　willing；　sirs；　it　will　be　all　right；　we　shall　fall　on　the　fellows；　before　they　know　where　they　are。　I　will　lead　on　with　the　cavalry；　so　that　if　we　catch　sight　of　any　one；　he　shall　not　escape　and　give　warning　to　the　enemy。　Do　you　follow；　and　if　you　are　left　behind；　keep　to　the　trail　of　the　horses。　Once　on　the　other　side　of　the　mountains；　we　shall　find　ourselves　in　numerous　thriving　villages。〃
  By　the　middle　of　the　day　he　had　already　gained　the　top　of　the　pass　and　looked　down　upon　the　villages　below。　Back　he　came　riding　to　the　heavy　infantry　and　said：　〃I　will　at　once　send　off　the　cavalry　into　the　plain　below；　and　the　peltasts　too；　to　attack　the　villages。　Do　you　follow　with　what　speed　you　may；　so　that　in　case　of　resistance　you　may　lend　us　your　aid。〃　Hearing　this；　Xenophon　dismounted；　and　the　other　asked：　〃Why　do　you　dismount　just　when　speed　is　the　thing　we　want？〃　The　other　answered：　〃But　you　do　not　want　me　alone；　I　am　sure。　The　hoplites　will　run　all　the　quicker　and　more　cheerily　if　I　lead　them　on　foot。〃
  Thereupon　Seuthes　went　off；　and　Timasion　with　him；　taking　the　Hellene　squadron　of　something　like　forty　troopers。　Then　Xenophon　passed　the　order：　the　active　young　fellows　up　to　thirty　years　of　age　from　the　different　companies　to　the　front；　and　off　with　these　he　went　himself；　bowling　along＇7＇；　while　Cleanor　led　the　other　Hellenes。　When　they　had　　　46　reached　the　villages；　Seuthes；　with　about　thirty　troopers；　rode　up；　exclaiming：　〃Well；　Xenophon；　this　is　just　what　you　said！　the　fellows　are　caught；　but　now　look　here。　My　cavalry　have　gone　off　unsupported；　they　are　scattered　in　pursuit；　one　here；　one　there；　and　upon　my　word；　I　am　more　than　half　afraid　the　enemy　will　collect　somewhere　and　do　them　a　mischief。　Some　of　us　must　remain　in　the　villages；　for　they　are　swarming　with　human　beings。〃　〃Well　then；〃　said　Xenophon；　〃I　will　seize　the　heights　with　the　men　I　have　with　me；　and　do　you　bid　Cleanor　extend　his　line　along　the　level　beside　the　villages。〃　When　they　had　done　so；　there　were　enclosedof　captives　for　the　slave　market；　one　thousand；　of　cattle；　two　thousand；　and　of　other　small　cattle；　ten　thousand。　For　the　time　being　they　took　up　quarters　there。
  ＇7＇　｛etropkhaze｝；　a　favourite　word　with　our　author。　Herodotus　uses　it；　　　　　so　does　Aristot。；　so　also　Polybius；　but　the　Atticists　condemn　it；　　　　　except　of　course　in　poetry。
  IV
  But　the　next　day　Seuthes　burnt　the　villages　to　the　ground；　he　left　not　　1　a　single　house；　being　minded　to　inspire　terror　in　the　rest　of　his　enemies；　and　to　show　them　what　they　also　were　to　expect；　if　they　refused　obedience；　and　so　he　went　back　again。　As　to　the　booty；　he　sent　off　Heracliedes　to　Perinthus　to　dispose　of　it；　with　a　view　to　future　pay　for　the　soldiers。　But　for　himself　he　encamped　with　the　Hellenes　in　the　lowland　country　of　the　Thynians；　the　natives　leaving　the　flats　and　betaking　themselves　in　flight　to　the　uplands。
  There　was　deep　snow；　and　cold　so　intense　that　the　water　brought　in　for　dinner　and　the　wine　within　the　jars　froze；　and　many　of　the　Hellenes　had　their　noses　and　ears　frost…bitten。　Now　they　came　to　understand　why　the　Thracians　wear　fox…skin　caps　on　their　heads　and　about　their　ears；　and　why；　on　the　same　principle；　they　are　frocked　not　only　about　the　chest　and　bust　but　so　as　to　cover　the　loins　and　thighs　as　well；　and　why　on　horseback　they　envelop　themselves　in　long　shawls　which　reach　down　to　the　feet；　instead　of　the　ordinary　short　rider's　cloak。　Seuthes　sent　off　some　of　the　prisoners　to　the　hills　with　a　message　to　say　that　if　they　did　not　come　down　to　their　homes；　and　live　quietly　and　obey　him；　he　would　burn　down　their　villages　and　their　corn；　and　leave　them　　　5　to　perish　with　hunger。　Thereupon　down　they　came；　women　and　children　and　the　older　men；　the　younger　men　preferred　to　quarter　themselves　in　the　villages　on　the　skirts　of　the　hills。　On　discovering　this；　Seuthes　bade　Xenophon　take　the　youngest　of　the　heavy　infantry　and　join　him　on　an　expedition。　They　rose　in　the　night；　and　by　daybreak　had　reached　the　villages；　but　the　majority　of　the　inhabitants　made　good　their　escape；　for　the　hills　were　close　at　hand。　Those　whom　he　did　catch；　Seuthes　unsparingly　shot　down。
  Now　there　was　a　certain　Olynthian；　named　Episthenes；　he　was　a　great　lover　of　boys；　and　seeing　a　handsome　lad；　just　in　the　bloom　of　youth；　and　carrying　a　light　shield；　about　to　be　slain；　he　ran　up　to　Xenophon　and　supplicated　him　to　rescue　the　fair　youth。　Xenophon　went　to　Seuthes　and　begged　him　not　to　put　the　boy　to　death。　He　explained　to　him　the　disposition　of　Episthenes；　how　he　had　once　enrolled　a　company；　the　only　qualification　required　being　that　of　personal　beauty；　and　with　these　handsome　young　men　at　his　side　there　were　none　so　brave　as　he。　Seuthes　put　the　question；　〃Would　you　like　to　die　on　his　behalf；　Episthenes？〃　whereat　the　other　stretched　out　his　neck；　and　said；　〃Strike；　if　the　boy　bids　you；　and　will　thank　his　preserver。〃　Seuthes；　turning　to　the　boy；　asked；　〃Shall　I　smite　him　instead　of　you？〃　The　boy　shook　his　head；　imploring　him　to　slay　neither　the　one　nor　the　other；　whereupon　Episthenes　caught　the　lad　in　his　arms；　exclaiming；　〃It　is　time　you　did　battle　with　me；　Seuthes；　for　my　boy；　never　will　I　yield　him　up；〃　and　Seuthes　laughed：　〃what　must　be　must；〃　and　so　consented。
  In　these　villages　he　decided　that　they　must　bivouac；　so　that　the　men　on　the　mountains　might　be　still　further　deprived　of　subsistence。　Stealthily　descending　he　himself　found　quarters　in　the　plain；　while　Xenophon　with　his　picked　troops　encamped　in　the　highest　village　on　the　skirts　of　the　hills；；　and　the　rest　of　the　Hellenes　hard　by；　among　the　highland　Thracians＇1＇；　as　they　are　called。
  ＇1＇　Cf。　〃Highlanders。〃
  After　this；　not　many　days　had　idly　slipt　away　before　the　Thracians　from　the　mountains　came　down　and　wished　to　arrange　with　Seuthes　for　　　　　12　terms　of　truce　and　hostages。　Simultaneously　came　Xenophon　and　informed　Seuthes　that　they　were　camped　in　bad　quarters；　with　the　enemy　next　door；　〃it　would　be　pleasanter　too；〃　he　added；　〃to　bivouac　in　a　strong　position　in　the　open；　than　under　cover　on　the　edge　of　destruction。〃　The　other　bade　him　take　heart　and　pointed　to　some　of　their　hostages；　as　much　as　to　say　〃Look　there！〃　Parties　also　from　the　mountaineers　came　down　and　pleaded　with　Xenophon　himself；　to　help　arrange　a　truce　for　them。　This　he　agreed　to　do；　bidding　them　to　pluck　up　heart；　and　assuring　them　that　they　would　meet　with　no　mischief；　if　they　yielded　obedience　to　Seuthes。　All　their　parleying；　however；　was；　as　it　turned　out；　merely　to　get　a　closer　inspection　of　things。　This　happened　in　the　day；　and　in　the　following　night　the　Thynians　descended　from　the　hill　country　and　made　an　attack。　In　each　case；　the　guide　was　the　master　of　the　house　attacked；　otherwise　it　would　have　taxed　their　powers　to　discover　the　houses　in　the　dark；　which；　for　the　sake　of　their　flocks　and　herds；　were　palisaded　all　round　with　great　stockades。　As　soon　as　they　had　reached　the　doors　of　any　particular　house；　the　attack　began；　some　hurling　in　their　spears；　others　belabouring　with　their　clubs；　which　they　carried；　it　was　said；　for　the　purpose　of　knocking　off　the　lance　points　from　the　shaft。　Others　were　busy　setting　the　place　on　fire；　and　they　kept　calling　Xenophon　by　name：　〃Come　out；　Xenophon；　and　die　like　a　man；　or　we　will　roast　you　alive　inside。〃
  By　this　time　too　the　flames　were　making　their　appearance　through　the　roof；　and　Xenophon　and　his　followers　were　within；　with　their　coats　of　mail　on；　and　big　shields；　swords；　and　helmets。　Then　Silanus；　a　Macistian＇2＇；　a　youth　of　some　eighteen　years；　signalled　on　the　trumpet；　and　in　an　instant；　out　they　all　leapt　with　their　drawn　swords；　and　the　inmates　of　other　quarters　as　well。　The　Thracians　took　to　their　heels；　according　to　their　custom；　swinging　their　light　shields　round　their　backs。　As　they　leapt　over　the　stockade　some　were　captured；　hanging　on　the　top　with　their　shields　caught　in　the　palings；　others　missed　the　way　out；　and　so　were　slain；　and　the　Hellenes　chased　them　hotly；　till　they　were　outside　the　village。
  ＇2＇　〃Of　Macistus；〃　a　town　in　the　Triphylia　near　Scillus。
  A　party　of　Thynians　turned　back；　and　as　the　men　ran　past　in　bold　　　　　　　　18　relief　against　a　blazing　house；　they　let　fly　a　volley　of　javelins；　out　of　the　darkness　into　the　glare；　and　wounded　two　captains；　Hieronymus；　an　Euodean＇3＇；　and　Theogenes；　a　Locrian。　No　one　was　killed；　only　the　clothes　and　baggage　of　some　of　the　men　were　consumed　in　the　flames。　Presently　up　came　Seuthes　to　the　rescue　with　seven　troopers；　the　first　to　hand；　and　his　Thracian　trumpeteer　by　his　side。　Seeing　that　something　had　happened；　he　hastened　to　the　rescue；　and　ever　the　while　his　bugler　wound　his　horn；　which　music　added　terror　to　the　foe。　Arrived　at　length；　he　gr