t。　If　you　mean　to　go　on　so　doing；　you　will　drive　us　to　make　friends　with　Corylas　and　the　Paphlagonians；　or　any　one　else　we　can　find。〃
  To　meet　these　charges　Xenophon；　on　behalf　of　the　soldiers；　rose　and　said：　〃As　to　ourselves；　men　of　Sinope；　having　got　so　far；　we　are　well　content　to　have　saved　our　bodies　and　our　arms。　Indeed　it　was　impossible　at　one　and　the　same　moment　to　keep　our　enemies　at　bay　and　to　despoil　them　of　their　goods　and　chattels。　And　now；　since　we　have　reached　Hellenic　cities；　how　has　it　fared　with　us？　At　Trapezus　they　gave　us　a　market；　and　we　paid　for　our　provisions　at　a　fair　market　price。　In　return　for　the　honour　they　did　us；　and　the　gifts　of　hospitality　they　gave　the　army；　we　requited　them　with　honour。　Where　the　barbarian　was　friendly　to　them；　we　stayed　our　hands　from　injury；　or　under　their　escort；　we　did　damage　to　their　enemies　to　the　utmost　of　our　power。　Ask　them；　what　sort　of　people　they　found　us。　They　are　here；　some　of　them；　to　answer　for　themselves。　Their　fellow…citizens　and　the　state　of　Trapezus；　for　friendship's　sake；　have　sent　them　with　us　to　act　as　our　guides。
  〃But　wherever　we　come；　be　it　foreign　or　Hellenic　soil；　and　find　no　market　for　provisions；　we　are　wont　to　help　ourselves；　not　out　of　insolence　but　from　necessity。　There　have　been　tribes　like　the　Carduchians；　the　Taochians；　the　Chaldaeans；　which；　albeit　they　were　not　subject　to　the　great　king；　yet　were　no　less　formidable　than　independent。　These　we　had　to　bring　over　by　our　arms。　The　necessity　of　getting　provisions　forced　us；　since　they　refused　to　offer　us　a　market。　Whereas　some　other　folk；　like　the　Macrones；　in　spite　of　their　being　barbarians；　we　regarded　as　our　friends；　simply　because　they　did　provide　us　with　the　best　market　in　their　power；　and　we　took　no　single　　　18　thing　of　theirs　by　force。　But；　to　come　to　these　Cotyorites；　whom　you　claim　to　be　your　people；　if　we　have　taken　aught　from　them；　they　have　themselves　to　blame；　for　they　did　not　deal　with　us　as　friends；　but　shut　their　gates　in　our　faces。　They　would　neither　welcome　us　within　nor　furnish　us　with　a　market　without。　The　only　justification　they　alleged　was　that　your　governor＇2＇　had　authorised　this　conduct。
  ＇2＇　Lit。　〃harmost〃。　The　term；　denoting　properly　a　governor　of　the　　　　　islands　and　foreign　cities　sent　out　by　the　Lacedaemonians　during　　　　　their　supremacy；　came；　it　would　seem；　to　be　adopted　by　other　Greek　　　　　communities　under　somewhat　similar　circumstances。　Cotyora　receives　　　　　a　harmost　from　her　mother…city；　Sinope。　For　the　Greek　colonies　　　　　here　mentioned；　see　Kiepert's　〃Man。　Anct。　Geog。〃　（Engl。　tr。；　Mr。　　　　　G。　A。　Macmillan）；　p。　63。
  〃As　to　your　assertion；〃　he　continued；　turning　to　Hecatonymus；　〃that　we　have　got　in　by　force　and　have　taken　up　quarters；　this　is　what　we　did。　We　requested　them　to　receive　our　sick　and　wounded　under　cover；　and　when　they　refused　to　open　their　gates；　we　walked　in　where　the　place　itself　invited　us。　All　the　violence　we　have　committed　amounts　to　this；　that　our　sick　folk　are　quartered　under　cover；　paying　for　their　expenses；　and　we　keep　a　sentry　at　the　gates；　so　that　our　sick　and　wounded　may　not　lie　at　the　mercy　of　your　governor；　but　we　may　have　it　in　our　power　to　remove　them　whenever　we　like。　The　rest　of　us；　you　observe；　are　camping　under　the　canopy　of　heaven；　in　regular　rank　and　file；　and　we　are　ready　to　requite　kindness　with　kindness；　but　to　repel　evil　vigorously。　And　as　for　your　threat；〃　he　said；　once　again　turning　to　the　spokesman；　〃that　you　will；　if　it　suits　you；　make　alliance　with　Corylas　and　the　Paphlagonians　to　attack　us；　for　our　part；　we　have　no　objection　to　fighting　both　sets　of　you；　if　so　be　we　must；　we　have　already　fought　others　many　times　more　numerous　than　you。　Besides；　'if　it　suits　us；'　as　you　put　it；　to　make　the　Paphlagonian　our　friend　（report　says　that　he　has　a　hankering　after　your　city　and　some　other　places　on　the　seaboard）；　we　can　enhance　the　value　of　our　friendship　by　helping　to　win　for　him　what　he　covets。〃
  Thereupon　the　ambassadors　showed　very　plainly　their　annoyance　with　Hecatonymus；　on　account　of　the　style　of　his　remarks；　and　one　of　them　stept　forward　to　explain　that　their　intention　in　coming　was　not　at　all　to　raise　a　war；　but　on　the　contrary　to　demonstrate　their　friendliness。　　24　〃And　if　you　come　to　Sinope　itself；〃　the　speaker　continued；　〃we　will　welcome　you　there　with　gifts　of　hospitality。　Meanwhile　we　will　enjoin　upon　the　citizens　of　this　place　to　give　you　what　they　can；　for　we　can　see　that　every　word　of　what　you　say　is　true。〃　Thereupon　the　Cotyorites　sent　gifts　of　hospitality；　and　the　generals　of　the　Hellenes　entertained　the　ambassadors　of　the　Sinopeans。　Many　and　friendly　were　the　topics　of　conversation；　freely　flowed　the　talk　on　things　in　general；　and；　in　particular；　both　parties　were　able　to　make　inquiries　and　satisfy　their　curiosity　concerning　the　remaining　portion　of　the　march。
  VI
  Such　was　the　conclusion　of　that　day。　On　the　following　day　the　generals　　1　summoned　an　assembly　of　the　soldiers；　when　it　was　resolved　to　invite　the　men　of　Sinope；　and　to　take　advice　with　them　touching　the　remainder　of　the　journey。　In　the　event　of　their　having　to　continue　it　on　foot；　the　Sinopeans　through　their　acquaintance　with　Paphlagonia　would　be　useful　to　them；　while；　if　they　had　to　go　by　sea；　the　services　of　the　same　people　would　be　at　a　premium；　for　who　but　they　could　furnish　ships　sufficient　for　the　army？　Accordingly；　they　summoned　their　ambassadors；　and　took　counsel　with　them；　begging　them；　on　the　strength　of　the　sacred　ties　which　bind　Hellenes　to　Hellenes；　to　inaugurate　the　good　reception　they　had　spoken　of；　by　present　kindliness　and　their　best　advice。
  Hecatonymus　rose　and　wished　at　once　to　offer　an　apology　with　regard　to　what　he　had　said　about　the　possibility　of　making　friends　with　the　Paphlagonians。　〃The　words　were　not　intended；〃　he　said；　〃to　convey　a　threat；　as　though　they　were　minded　to　go　to　war　with　the　Hellenes；　but　as　meaning　rather：　albeit　we　have　it　in　our　power　to　be　friendly　with　the　barbarians；　we　will　choose　the　Hellenes。〃　Then；　being　urged　to　aid　them　by　some　advice；　with　a　pious　ejaculation；　he　commenced：　〃If　I　bestow　upon　you　the　best　counsel　I　am　able；　God　grant　that　blessings　in　abundance　may　descend　on　me；　but　if　the　contrary；　may　evil　betide　　　　4　me！　'Sacred　counsel＇1＇；'　as　the　saying　goeswell；　sirs；　if　ever　the　saying　held；　it　should　hold　I　think　to…day；　when；　if　I　be　proved　to　have　given　you　good　counsel；　I　shall　not　lack　panegyrists；　or　if　evil；　your　imprecations　will　be　many…tongued。
  ＇1＇　Cf。　Plato；　〃Theages；〃　122。
  〃As　to　trouble；　I　am　quite　aware；　we　shall　have　much　more　trouble　if　you　are　conveyed　by　sea；　for　we　must　provide　the　vessels；　whereas；　if　you　go　by　land；　all　the　fighting　will　evolve　on　you。　Still；　let　come　what　may；　it　behoves　me　to　state　my　views。　I　have　an　intimate　acquaintance　with　the　country　of　the　Paphlagonians　and　their　power。　The　country　possesses　the　two　features　of　hill　and　vale；　that　is　to　say；　the　fairest　plains　and　the　highest　mountains。　To　begin　with　the　mountains；　I　know　the　exact　point　at　which　you　must　make　your　entry。　It　is　precisely　where　the　horns　of　a　mountain　tower　over　both　sides　of　the　road。　Let　the　merest　handful　of　men　occupy　these　and　they　can　hold　the　pass　with　ease；　for　when　that　is　done　not　all　the　enemies　in　the　world　could　effect　a　passage。　I　could　point　out　the　whole　with　my　finger；　if　you　like　to　send　any　one　with　me　to　the　scene。
  〃So　much　for　the　mountain　barrier。　But　the　next　thing　I　know　is　that　there　are　plains　and　a　cavalry　which　the　barbarians　themselves　hold　to　be　superior　to　the　entire　cavalry　of　the　great　king。　Why；　only　the　other　day　these　people　refused　to　present　themselves　to　the　summons　of　the　king；　their　chief　is　too　proud　for　that。
  〃But　now；　supposing　you　were　able　to　seize　the　mountain　barrier；　by　stealth；　or　expedition；　before　the　enemy　could　stop　you；　supposing　further；　you　were　able　to　win　an　engagement　in　the　plain　against　not　only　their　cavalry　but　their　more　than　one　hundred　and　twenty　thousand　infantryyou　will　only　find　yourself　face　to　face　with　rivers；　a　series　of　them。　First　the　Thermodon；　three　hundred　feet　broad；　which　I　take　it　will　be　difficult　to　pass；　especially　with　a　host　of　foes　in　front　and　another　following　behind。　Next　comes　the　Iris　river；　three　hundred　feet　broad；　and　thirdly；　the　Halys；　at　least　two　furlongs　broad；　which　you　could　not　possibly　cross　without　vessels；　and　who　is　going　to　supply　you　with　vessels？　In　the　same　way　too　the　Parthenius　　　　9　is　impassable；　which　you　will　reach　if　you　cross　the　Halys。　For　my　part；　then；　I　consider　the　land…journey；　I　will　not　say　difficult；　but　absolutely　impossible　for　you。　Whereas　if　you　go　by　sea；　you　can　coast　along　from　here　to　Sinope；　and　from　Sinope　to　Heraclea。　From　Heraclea　onwards　there　is　no　difficulty；　whether　by　land　or　by　sea；　for　there　are　plenty　of　vessels　at　Heraclea。〃
  After　he　had　finished　his　remarks；　some　of　his　hearers　thought　they　detected　a　certain　bias　in　them。　He　would　not　have　spoken　so；　but　for　his　friendship　with　Corylas；　whose　official　representative　he　was。　Others　guessed　he　had　an　itching　palm；　and　that　he　was　hoping　to　receive　a　present　for　his　〃sacred　advice。〃　Others　again　suspected　that　his　object　was　to　prevent　their　going　by　foot　and　d