ll　of　wild　beasts；　which　he　used　to　hunt　on　horseback；　whenever　he　wished　to　give　himself　or　his　horses　exercise。　Through　the　midst　of　the　park　flows　the　river　Maeander；　the　sources　of　which　are　within　the　palace　buildings；　and　it　flows　through　the　city　of　Celaenae。　The　great　king　also　has　a　palace　in　Celaenae；　a　strong　place；　on　the　sources　of　another　river；　the　Marsyas；　at　the　foot　of　the　acropolis。　This　river　also　flows　through　the　city；　discharging　itself　into　the　Maeander；　and　is　five…and…twenty　feet　broad。　Here　is　the　place　where　Apollo　is　said　to　have　flayed　Marsyas；　when　he　had　conquered　him　in　the　contest　of　skill。　He　hung　up　the　skin　of　the　conquered　man；　in　the　cavern　where　the　spring　wells　forth；　and　hence　the　name　of　the　river；　Marsyas。　It　was　on　this　site　that　Xerxes；　as　tradition　tells；　built　this　very　palace；　as　well　as　the　citadel　of　Celaenae　itself；　on　his　retreat　from　Hellas；　after　he　had　lost　the　famous　battle。　Here　Cyrus　remained　for　thirty　days；　during　which　Clearchus　the　Lacedaemonian　arrived　with　one　thousand　hoplites　and　eight　hundred　Thracian　peltasts　and　two　hundred　Cretan　archers。　At　the　same　time；　also；　came　Sosis　the　Syracusian　with　three　thousand　hoplites；　and　Sophaenetus　the　Arcadian＇6＇　with　one　thousand　hoplites；　and　here　Cyrus　held　a　review；　and　numbered　his　Hellenes　in　the　park；　and　found　that　they　amounted　in　all　to　eleven　thousand　hoplites　and　about　two　thousand　peltasts。
  ＇2＇　The　Persian　〃farsang〃　=　30　stades；　nearly　1　league；　3　1/2　statute　　　　　miles；　though　not　of　uniform　value　in　all　parts　of　Asia。
  ＇3＇　〃Two　plethra〃：　the　plethron　=　about　101　English　feet。
  ＇4＇　Lit。　〃inhabited；〃　many　of　the　cities　of　Asia　being　then　as　now　　　　　deserted；　but　the　suggestion　is　clearly　at　times　〃thickly　　　　　inhabited；〃　〃populous。〃
  ＇5＇　Lit。　〃paradise；〃　an　oriental　word　=　park　or　pleasure　ground。
  ＇6＇　Perhaps　this　should　be　Agias　the　Arcadian；　as　Mr。　Macmichael　　　　　suggests。　Sophaenetus　has　already　been　named　above。
  From　this　place　he　continued　his　march　two　stagesten　parasangsto　　　　10　the　populous　city　of　Peltae；　where　he　remained　three　days；　while　Xenias；　the　Arcadian；　celebrated　the　Lycaea＇7＇　with　sacrifice；　and　instituted　games。　The　prizes　were　headbands　of　gold；　and　Cyrus　himself　was　a　spectator　of　the　contest。　From　this　place　the　march　was　continued　two　stagestwelve　parasangsto　Ceramon…agora；　a　populous　city；　the　last　on　the　confines　of　Mysia。　Thence　a　march　of　three　stagesthirty　parasangsbrought　him　to　Caystru…pedion＇8＇；　a　populous　city。　Here　Cyrus　halted　five　days；　and　the　soldiers；　whose　pay　was　now　more　than　three　months　in　arrear；　came　several　times　to　the　palace　gates　demanding　their　dues；　while　Cyrus　put　them　off　with　fine　words　and　expectations；　but　could　not　conceal　his　vexation；　for　it　was　not　his　fashion　to　stint　payment；　when　he　had　the　means。　At　this　point　Epyaxa；　the　wife　of　Syennesis；　the　king　of　the　Cilicians；　arrived　on　a　visit　to　Cyrus；　and　it　was　said　that　Cyrus　received　a　large　gift　of　money　from　the　queen。　At　this　date；　at　any　rate；　Cyrus　gave　the　army　four　months'　pay。　The　queen　was　accompanied　by　a　bodyguard　of　Cilicians　and　Aspendians；　and；　if　report　speaks　truly；　Cyrus　had　intimate　relations　with　the　queen。
  ＇7＇　The　Lycaea；　an　Arcadian　festival　in　honour　of　Zeus　｛Arcaios｝；　akin　　　　　to　the　Roman　Lupercalia；　which　was　originally　a　shepherd　festival；　　　　　the　introduction　of　which　the　Romans　ascribe　to　the　Arcadian　　　　　Evander。
  ＇8＇　Lit。　〃plain　of　the　Cayster；〃　like　Ceramon…agora；　〃the　market　of　　　　　the　Ceramians〃　above；　the　name　of　a　town。
  From　this　place　he　marched　two　stagesten　parasangsto　Thymbrium；　a　populous　city。　Here；　by　the　side　of　the　road；　is　the　spring　of　Midas；　the　king　of　Phrygia；　as　it　is　called；　where　Midas；　as　the　story　goes；　caught　the　satyr　by　drugging　the　spring　with　wine。　From　this　place　he　marched　two　stagesten　parasangsto　Tyriaeum；　a　populous　city。　Here　he　halted　three　days；　and　the　Cilician　queen；　according　to　the　popular　account；　begged　Cyrus　to　exhibit　his　armament　for　her　amusement。　The　latter　being　only　too　glad　to　make　such　an　exhibition；　held　a　review　of　the　Hellenes　and　barbarians　in　the　plain。　He　ordered　the　Hellenes　to　draw　up　their　lines　and　post　themselves　in　their　customary　battle　order；　each　general　marshalling　his　own　battalion。　Accordingly　they　drew　up　four…deep。　The　right　was　held　by　Menon　and　those　with　him；　the　　15　left　by　Clearchus　and　his　men；　the　centre　by　the　remaining　generals　with　theirs。　Cyrus　first　inspected　the　barbarians；　who　marched　past　in　troops　of　horses　and　companies　of　infantry。　He　then　inspected　the　Hellenes；　driving　past　them　in　his　chariot；　with　the　queen　in　her　carriage。　And　they　all　had　brass　helmets　and　purple　tunics；　and　greaves；　and　their　shields　uncovered＇9＇。
  ＇9＇　I。e。　ready　for　action；　c。f。　〃bayonets　fixed〃。
  After　he　had　driven　past　the　whole　body；　he　drew　up　his　chariot　in　front　of　the　centre　of　the　battle…line；　and　sent　his　interpreter　Pigres　to　the　generals　of　the　Hellenes；　with　orders　to　present　arms　and　to　advance　along　the　whole　line。　This　order　was　repeated　by　the　generals　to　their　men；　and　at　the　sound　of　the　bugle；　with　shields　forward　and　spears　in　rest；　they　advanced　to　meet　the　enemy。　The　pace　quickened；　and　with　a　shout　the　soldiers　spontaneously　fell　into　a　run；　making　in　the　direction　of　the　camp。　Great　was　the　panic　of　the　barbarians。　The　Cilician　queen　in　her　carriage　turned　and　fled；　the　sutlers　in　the　marketing　place　left　their　wares　and　took　to　their　heels；　and　the　Hellenes　meanwhile　came　into　camp　with　a　roar　of　laughter。　What　astounded　the　queen　was　the　brilliancy　and　order　of　the　armament；　but　Cyrus　was　pleased　to　see　the　terror　inspired　by　the　Hellenes　in　the　hearts　of　the　Asiatics。
  From　this　place　he　marched　on　three　stagestwenty　parasangsto　Iconium；　the　last　city　of　Phrygia；　where　he　remained　three　days。　Thence　he　marched　through　Lycaonia　five　stagesthirty　parasangs。　This　was　hostile　country；　and　he　gave　it　over　to　the　Hellenes　to　pillage。　At　this　point　Cyrus　sent　back　the　Cilician　queen　to　her　own　country　by　the　quickest　route；　and　to　escort　her　he　sent　the　soldiers　of　Menon；　and　Menon　himself。　With　the　rest　of　the　troops　he　continued　his　march　through　Cappadocia　four　stagestwenty…five　parasangsto　Dana；　a　populous　city；　large　and　flourishing。　Here　they　halted　three　days；　within　which　interval　Cyrus　put　to　death；　on　a　charge　of　conspiracy；　a　Persian　nobleman　named　Megaphernes；　a　wearer　of　the　royal　purple；　and　along　with　him　another　high　dignitary　among　his　subordinate　commanders。
  From　this　place　they　endeavoured　to　force　a　passage　into　Cilicia。　Now　　　21　the　entrance　was　by　an　exceedingly　steep　cart…road；　impracticable　for　an　army　in　face　of　a　resisting　force；　and　report　said　that　Syennesis　was　on　the　summit　of　the　pass　guarding　the　approach。　Accordingly　they　halted　a　day　in　the　plain；　but　next　day　came　a　messenger　informing　them　that　Syenesis　had　left　the　pass；　doubtless；　after　perceiving　that　Menon's　army　was　already　in　Cilicia　on　his　own　side　of　the　mountains；　and　he　had　further　been　informed　that　ships　of　war；　belonging　to　the　Lacedaemonians　and　to　Cyrus　himself；　with　Tamos　on　board　as　admiral；　were　sailing　round　from　Ionia　to　Cilicia。　Whatever　the　reason　might　be；　Cyrus　made　his　way　up　into　the　hills　without　let　or　hindrance；　and　came　in　sight　of　the　tents　where　the　Cilicians　were　on　guard。　From　that　point　he　descended　gradually　into　a　large　and　beautiful　plain　country；　well　watered；　and　thickly　covered　with　trees　of　all　sorts　and　vines。　This　plain　produces　sesame　plentifully；　as　also　panic　and　millet　and　barley　and　wheat；　and　it　is　shut　in　on　all　sides　by　a　steep　and　lofty　wall　of　mountains　from　sea　to　sea。　Descending　through　this　plain　country；　he　advanced　four　stagestwenty…five　parasangsto　Tarsus；　a　large　and　prosperous　city　of　Cilicia。　Here　stood　the　palace　of　Syennesis；　the　king　of　the　country；　and　through　the　middle　of　the　city　flows　a　river　called　the　Cydnus；　two　hundred　feet　broad。　They　found　that　the　city　had　been　deserted　by　its　inhabitants；　who　had　betaken　themselves；　with　Syennesis；　to　a　strong　place　on　the　hills。　All　had　gone；　except　the　tavern…keepers。　The　sea…board　inhabitants　of　Soli　and　Issi　also　remained。　Now　Epyaxa；　Syennesis's　queen；　had　reached　Tarsus　five　days　in　advance　of　Cyrus。　During　their　passage　over　the　mountains　into　the　plain；　two　companies　of　Menon's　army　were　lost。　Some　said　they　had　been　cut　down　by　the　Cilicians；　while　engaged　on　some　pillaging　affair；　another　account　was　that　they　had　been　left　behind；　and　being　unable　to　overtake　the　main　body；　or　discover　the　route；　had　gone　astray　and　perished。　However　it　was；　they　numbered　one　hundred　hoplites；　and　when　the　rest　arrived；　being　in　a　fury　at　the　destruction　of　their　fellow　soldiers；　they　vented　their　spleen　by　pillaging　the　city　of　Tarsus　and　the　palace　to　boot。　Now　when　Cyrus　had　marched　into　the　city；　he　sent　for　Syennesis　to　come　to　him；　but　　　　26　the　latter　replied　that　he　had　never　yet　put　himself　into　the　hands　of　any　one　who　was　his　superior；　nor　was　he　willing　to　accede　to　the　proposal　of　Cyrus　now；　until；　in　the　end；　his　wife　persuaded　him；　and　he　accepted　pledges　of　good　faith。　After　this　they　met；　and　Syennesis　gave　Cyrus　large　sums　in　aid　of　his　army；　while　Cyrus　pre