第 2 节
作者:恐龙王      更新:2022-07-12 16:21      字数:9320
  of   bull   hunts;   and   a   few   of   these   pictures   may   still   be   seen。 At   night
  torches were lit; and placed in the hands of golden figures of boys; but all
  the smoke of fire and torches escaped by a hole in the roof; and made the
  ceiling   black。   On   the   walls   hung   swords   and   spears   and   helmets   and
  shields; which needed to   be often   cleaned   from the stains of   the smoke。
  The minstrel or poet sat beside the King and Queen; and; after supper he
  struck his harp; and sang stories of old wars。 At night the King and Queen
  slept in their own place; and the women in their own rooms; the princesses
  had their chambers upstairs; and the young princes had each his room built
  separate in the courtyard。
  There were bath rooms with polished baths; where guests were taken
  when they arrived dirty from a journey。           The guests lay at night on beds
  in the portico; for the climate was warm。           There were plenty of servants;
  who were usually slaves taken in war; but they were very kindly treated;
  and were friendly with their masters。         No coined money was used; people
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  paid   for   things   in   cattle;   or   in   weighed   pieces   of   gold。 Rich   men   had
  plenty of gold cups; and gold…hilted swords; and bracelets; and brooches。
  The kings were the leaders in war and judges in peace; and did sacrifices
  to the Gods; killing cattle and swine and sheep; on which they afterwards
  dined。
  They dressed in a simple way; in a long smock of linen or silk; which
  fell almost to the feet; but was tucked up into a belt round the waist; and
  worn   longer   or   shorter;   as   they   happened   to   choose。   Where   it   needed
  fastening at the throat; golden brooches were used; beautifully made; with
  safety pins。      This garment was much like the plaid that the Highlanders
  used to wear; with its belt and brooches。             Over it the Greeks wore great
  cloaks of woollen cloth when the weather was cold; but these they did not
  use in battle。 They fastened their breastplates; in war; over their smocks;
  and had other armour covering the lower parts of the body; and leg armour
  called   〃greaves〃;   while   the   great   shield   which   guarded   the   whole   body
  from  throat   to   ankles   was   carried   by  a  broad   belt slung   round   the   neck。
  The sword was worn in another belt; crossing the shield belt。                   They had
  light shoes in peace; and higher and heavier boots in war; or for walking
  across country。
  The women wore the smock; with more brooches and jewels than the
  men;     and   had   head    coverings;    with   veils;  and    mantles    over   all;  and
  necklaces of gold and amber; earrings; and bracelets of gold or of bronze。
  The colours of their dresses were various; chiefly white and purple; and;
  when in mourning; they wore very dark blue; not black。                   All the armour;
  and the sword blades and spearheads were made; not of steel or iron; but
  of bronze; a mixture of copper and tin。            The shields were made of several
  thicknesses of leather; with a plating of bronze above; tools; such as axes
  and ploughshares; were either of iron or bronze; and so were the blades of
  knives and daggers。
  To us the houses and way of living would have seemed very splendid;
  and also; in some ways; rather rough。              The palace floors; at least in the
  house of Ulysses; were littered with bones and feet of the oxen slain for
  food;   but   this   happened   when   Ulysses   had   been   long   from  home。       The
  floor of the hall in the house of Ulysses was not boarded with planks; or
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  paved with stone:         it was made of clay; for he was a poor king of small
  islands。     The cooking was coarse:           a pig or sheep was killed; roasted and
  eaten   immediately。        We   never   hear   of   boiling   meat;   and   though   people
  probably ate fish; we do not hear of their doing so; except when no meat
  could   be   procured。   Still   some   people   must   have   liked   them;   for   in   the
  pictures that were painted or cut in precious stones in these times we see
  the half…naked fisherman walking home; carrying large fish。
  The   people   were   wonderful   workers   of   gold  and   bronze。         Hundreds
  of their golden jewels have been found in their graves; but probably these
  were made and buried two or three centuries before the time of Ulysses。
  The dagger blades had pictures of fights with lions; and of flowers; inlaid
  on them; in gold of various colours; and in silver; nothing so beautiful is
  made now。        There are figures of men hunting bulls on some of the gold
  cups;     and   these    are   wonderfully      life…like。    The     vases   and    pots   of
  earthenware       were    painted    in   charming     patterns:     in   short;   it  was    a
  splendid world to live in。
  The people believed in many Gods; male and female; under the chief
  God; Zeus。       The Gods were thought to be taller than men; and immortal;
  and   to   live   in   much   the   same   way   as   men    did;   eating;   drinking;   and
  sleeping in glorious palaces。          Though they were supposed to reward good
  men;   and   to   punish   people   who   broke   their   oaths   and   were   unkind   to
  strangers;   there   were   many   stories   told   in   which   the   Gods   were   fickle;
  cruel; selfish; and set very bad examples to men。                 How far these stories
  were   believed   is   not   sure;   it   is   certain   that   〃all   men   felt   a   need   of   the
  Gods;〃 and thought that they were pleased by good actions and displeased
  by  evil。 Yet;  when   a   man   felt   that his behaviour   had   been bad;  he   often
  threw the blame on the Gods; and said that they had misled him;  which
  really meant no more than that 〃he could not help it。〃
  There was a curious custom by which the princes bought wives from
  the fathers of the princesses; giving cattle and gold; and bronze and iron;
  but   sometimes   a   prince   got   a   wife   as   the   reward   for   some   very   brave
  action。     A man would not give his daughter to a wooer whom she did not
  love; even if he offered the highest price; at least this must have been the
  general rule; for husbands and wives were very fond of each other; and of
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  their children; and husbands always allowed their wives to rule the house;
  and give their advice on everything。            It was thought a very wicked thing
  for a woman to like another man better than her husband; and there were
  few such wives; but among them was the most beautiful woman who ever
  lived。
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  THE WOOING OF HELEN OF
  THE FAIR HANDS
  This was the way in which people lived when Ulysses was young; and
  wished to   be   married。      The   worst   thing   in   the   way  of   life   was   that   the
  greatest    and   most    beautiful   princesses    might    be  taken   prisoners;    and
  carried off as slaves to the towns of the men who had killed their fathers
  and husbands。       Now at that time one lady was far the fairest in the world:
  namely; Helen; daughter of King Tyndarus。              Every young prince heard of
  her and desired to marry her; so her father invited them all to his palace;
  and entertained them; and found out what they would give。                   Among the
  rest Ulysses went; but his father had a little kingdom; a rough island; with
  others   near   it;   and   Ulysses   had   not   a   good   chance。 He   was   not   tall;
  though very strong and active; he was a short man with broad shoulders;
  but his face was handsome; and; like all the princes; he wore long yellow
  hair; clustering like a hyacinth flower。         His manner was rather hesitating;
  and he seemed to speak very slowly at first; though afterwards his words
  came freely。      He was good at everything a man can do; he could plough;
  and build houses; and make ships; and he was the best archer in Greece;
  except one; and could bend the great bow of a dead king; Eurytus; which
  no other man could string。         But he had no horses; and had no great train
  of   followers;    and;   in  short;   neither   Helen   nor   her   father  thought    of
  choosing   Ulysses   for   her   husband out   of so   many  tall;  handsome   young
  princes;