第 13 节
作者:
竹水冷 更新:2022-07-12 16:20 字数:9322
those words are true?〃
And … understand it well … the grand passage I have just quoted
need not be accused of substituting 〃natural selection for God。〃
In any case natural selection would be only the means or law by
which God works; as He does by other natural laws。 We do not
substitute gravitation for God; when we say that the planets are
sustained in their orbits by the law of gravitation。 The theory
about natural selection may be untrue; or imperfect; as may the
modern theories of the 〃evolution and progress〃 of organic forms:
let the man of science decide that。 But if true; the theories seem
to me perfectly to agree with; and may be perfectly explained by;
the simple old belief which the Bible sets before us; of a LIVING
GOD: not a mere past will; such as the Koran sets forth; creating
once and for all; and then leaving the universe; to use Goethe's
simile; 〃to spin round his finger;〃 nor again; an 〃all…pervading
spirit;〃 words which are mere contradictory jargon; concealing;
from those who utter them; blank Materialism: but One who works in
all things which have obeyed Him to will and to do of His good
pleasure; keeping His abysmal and self…perfect purpose; yet
altering the methods by which that purpose is attained; from aeon
to aeon; ay; from moment to moment; for ever various; yet for ever
the same。 This great and yet most blessed paradox of the
Changeless God; who yet can say 〃It repenteth me;〃 and 〃Behold; I
work a new thing on the earth;〃 is revealed no less by nature than
by Scripture; the changeableness; not of caprice or imperfection;
but of an Infinite Maker and 〃Poietes;〃 drawing ever fresh forms
out of the inexhaustible treasury of His primaeval Mind; and yet
never throwing away a conception to which He has once given actual
birth in time and space; (but to compare reverently small things
and great) lovingly repeating it; re…applying it; producing the
same effects by endlessly different methods; or so delicately
modifying the method that; as by the turn of a hair; it shall
produce endlessly diverse effects; looking back; as it were; ever
and anon over the great work of all the ages; to retouch it; and
fill up each chasm in the scheme; which for some good purpose had
been left open in earlier worlds; or leaving some open (the forms;
for instance; necessary to connect the bimana and the quadrumana)
to be filled up perhaps hereafter when the world needs them; the
handiwork; in short; of a living and loving Mind; perfect in His
own eternity; but stooping to work in time and space; and there
rejoicing Himself in the work of His own hands; and in His eternal
Sabbaths ceasing in rest ineffable; that He may look on that which
He hath made; and behold it is very good。
I speak; of course; under correction; for this conclusion is
emphatically matter of induction; and must be verified or modified
by ever…fresh facts: but I meet with many a Christian passage in
scientific books; which seems to me to go; not too far; but rather
not far enough; in asserting the God of the Bible; as Saint Paul
says; 〃not to have left Himself without witness;〃 in nature itself;
that He is the God of grace。 Why speak of the God of nature and
the God of grace as two antithetical terms? The Bible never; in a
single instance; makes the distinction; and surely; if God be (as
He is) the Eternal and Unchangeable One; and if (as we all confess)
the universe bears the impress of His signet; we have no right; in
the present infantile state of science; to put arbitrary limits of
our own to the revelation which He may have thought good to make of
Himself in nature。 Nay; rather; let us believe that; if our eyes
were opened; we should fulfil the requirement of Genius; to 〃see
the universal in the particular;〃 by seeing God's whole likeness;
His whole glory; reflected as in a mirror even in the meanest
flower; and that nothing but the dulness of our own souls prevents
them from seeing day and night in all things; however small or
trivial to human eclecticism; the Lord Jesus Christ Himself
fulfilling His own saying; 〃My Father worketh hitherto; and I
work。〃
To me it seems (to sum up; in a few words; what I have tried to
say) that such development and progress as have as yet been
actually discovered in nature; bear every trace of having been
produced by successive acts of thought and will in some personal
mind; which; however boundlessly rich and powerful; is still the
Archetype of the human mind; and therefore (for to this I confess I
have been all along tending) probably capable; without violence to
its properties; of becoming; like the human mind; incarnate。
But to descend from these perhaps too daring speculations; there is
another; and more human; source of interest about the animal who is
writhing feebly in the glass jar of salt water; for he is one of
the many curiosities which have been added to our fauna by that
humble hero Mr。 Charles Peach; the self…taught naturalist; of whom;
as we walk on toward the rocks; something should be said; or rather
read; for Mr。 Chambers; in an often…quoted passage from his
Edinburgh Journal; which I must have the pleasure of quoting once
again; has told the story better than we can tell it:…
〃But who is that little intelligent…looking man in a faded naval
uniform; who is so invariably to be seen in a particular central
seat in this section? That; gentle reader; is perhaps one of the
most interesting men who attend the British Association。 He is
only a private in the mounted guard (preventive service) at an
obscure part of the Cornwall coast; with four shillings a day; and
a wife and nine children; most of whose education he has himself to
conduct。 He never tastes the luxuries which are so common in the
middle ranks of life; and even amongst a large portion of the
working classes。 He has to mend with his own hands every sort of
thing that can break or wear in his house。 Yet Mr。 Peach is a
votary of Natural History; not a student of the science in books;
for he cannot afford books; but an investigator by sea and shore; a
collector of Zoophytes and Echinodermata … strange creatures; many
of which are as yet hardly known to man。 These he collects;
preserves; and describes; and every year does he come up to the
British Association with a few novelties of this kind; accompanied
by illustrative papers and drawings: thus; under circumstances the
very opposite of those of such men as Lord Enniskillen; adding; in
like manner; to the general stock of knowledge。 On the present
occasion he is unusually elated; for he has made the discovery of a
Holothuria with twenty tentacula; a species of the Echinodermata
which Professor Forbes; in his book on Star…Fishes; has said was
never yet observed in the British seas。 It may be of small moment
to you; who; mayhap; know nothing of Holothurias: but it is a
considerable thing to the Fauna of Britain; and a vast matter to a
poor private of the Cornwall mounted guard。 And accordingly he
will go home in a few days; full of the glory of his exhibition;
and strong anew by the kind notice taken of him by the masters of
the science; to similar inquiries; difficult as it may be to
prosecute them; under such a complication of duties; professional
and domestic。 Honest Peach! humble as is thy home; and simple thy
bearing; thou art an honour even to this assemblage of nobles and
doctors: nay; more; when we consider everything; thou art an
honour to human nature itself; for where is the heroism like that
of virtuous; intelligent; independent poverty? And such heroism is
thine!〃 … CHAMBERS' EDIN。 JOURN。; Nov。 23; 1844。
Mr。 Peach has been since rewarded in part for his long labours in
the cause of science; by having been removed to a more lucrative
post on the north coast of Scotland; the earnest; it is to be
hoped; of still further promotion。
I mentioned just now Synapta; or; as Montagu called it; Chirodota:
a much better name; and; I think; very uselessly changed; for
Chirodota expresses the peculiarity of the beast; which consists in
… start not; reader … twelve hands; like human hands; while Synapta
expresses merely its power of clinging to the fingers; which it
possesses in common with many other animals。 It is; at least; a
beast worth talking about; as for finding one; I fear that we have
no chance of such good fortune。
Colonel Montagu found them here some forty years ago; and after
him; Mr。 Alder; in 1845。 I found hundreds of them; but only once;
in 1854 after a heavy south…eastern gale; washed up among the great
Lutrariae in a cove near Goodrington; but all my dredging outside
failed to procure a specimen … Mr。 Alder; however; and Mr。 Cocks
(who find everything; and will at last certainly catch Midgard; the
great sea…se