第 13 节
作者:竹水冷      更新:2022-07-12 16:20      字数:9322
  those words are true?〃
  And … understand it well … the grand passage I have just quoted
  need not be accused of substituting 〃natural selection for God。〃
  In any case natural selection would be only the means or law by
  which God works; as He does by other natural laws。  We do not
  substitute gravitation for God; when we say that the planets are
  sustained in their orbits by the law of gravitation。  The theory
  about natural selection may be untrue; or imperfect; as may the
  modern theories of the 〃evolution and progress〃 of organic forms:
  let the man of science decide that。  But if true; the theories seem
  to me perfectly to agree with; and may be perfectly explained by;
  the simple old belief which the Bible sets before us; of a LIVING
  GOD:  not a mere past will; such as the Koran sets forth; creating
  once and for all; and then leaving the universe; to use Goethe's
  simile; 〃to spin round his finger;〃 nor again; an 〃all…pervading
  spirit;〃 words which are mere contradictory jargon; concealing;
  from those who utter them; blank Materialism:  but One who works in
  all things which have obeyed Him to will and to do of His good
  pleasure; keeping His abysmal and self…perfect purpose; yet
  altering the methods by which that purpose is attained; from aeon
  to aeon; ay; from moment to moment; for ever various; yet for ever
  the same。  This great and yet most blessed paradox of the
  Changeless God; who yet can say 〃It repenteth me;〃 and 〃Behold; I
  work a new thing on the earth;〃 is revealed no less by nature than
  by Scripture; the changeableness; not of caprice or imperfection;
  but of an Infinite Maker and 〃Poietes;〃 drawing ever fresh forms
  out of the inexhaustible treasury of His primaeval Mind; and yet
  never throwing away a conception to which He has once given actual
  birth in time and space; (but to compare reverently small things
  and great) lovingly repeating it; re…applying it; producing the
  same effects by endlessly different methods; or so delicately
  modifying the method that; as by the turn of a hair; it shall
  produce endlessly diverse effects; looking back; as it were; ever
  and anon over the great work of all the ages; to retouch it; and
  fill up each chasm in the scheme; which for some good purpose had
  been left open in earlier worlds; or leaving some open (the forms;
  for instance; necessary to connect the bimana and the quadrumana)
  to be filled up perhaps hereafter when the world needs them; the
  handiwork; in short; of a living and loving Mind; perfect in His
  own eternity; but stooping to work in time and space; and there
  rejoicing Himself in the work of His own hands; and in His eternal
  Sabbaths ceasing in rest ineffable; that He may look on that which
  He hath made; and behold it is very good。
  I speak; of course; under correction; for this conclusion is
  emphatically matter of induction; and must be verified or modified
  by ever…fresh facts:  but I meet with many a Christian passage in
  scientific books; which seems to me to go; not too far; but rather
  not far enough; in asserting the God of the Bible; as Saint Paul
  says; 〃not to have left Himself without witness;〃 in nature itself;
  that He is the God of grace。  Why speak of the God of nature and
  the God of grace as two antithetical terms? The Bible never; in a
  single instance; makes the distinction; and surely; if God be (as
  He is) the Eternal and Unchangeable One; and if (as we all confess)
  the universe bears the impress of His signet; we have no right; in
  the present infantile state of science; to put arbitrary limits of
  our own to the revelation which He may have thought good to make of
  Himself in nature。  Nay; rather; let us believe that; if our eyes
  were opened; we should fulfil the requirement of Genius; to 〃see
  the universal in the particular;〃 by seeing God's whole likeness;
  His whole glory; reflected as in a mirror even in the meanest
  flower; and that nothing but the dulness of our own souls prevents
  them from seeing day and night in all things; however small or
  trivial to human eclecticism; the Lord Jesus Christ Himself
  fulfilling His own saying; 〃My Father worketh hitherto; and I
  work。〃
  To me it seems (to sum up; in a few words; what I have tried to
  say) that such development and progress as have as yet been
  actually discovered in nature; bear every trace of having been
  produced by successive acts of thought and will in some personal
  mind; which; however boundlessly rich and powerful; is still the
  Archetype of the human mind; and therefore (for to this I confess I
  have been all along tending) probably capable; without violence to
  its properties; of becoming; like the human mind; incarnate。
  But to descend from these perhaps too daring speculations; there is
  another; and more human; source of interest about the animal who is
  writhing feebly in the glass jar of salt water; for he is one of
  the many curiosities which have been added to our fauna by that
  humble hero Mr。 Charles Peach; the self…taught naturalist; of whom;
  as we walk on toward the rocks; something should be said; or rather
  read; for Mr。 Chambers; in an often…quoted passage from his
  Edinburgh Journal; which I must have the pleasure of quoting once
  again; has told the story better than we can tell it:…
  〃But who is that little intelligent…looking man in a faded naval
  uniform; who is so invariably to be seen in a particular central
  seat in this section?  That; gentle reader; is perhaps one of the
  most interesting men who attend the British Association。  He is
  only a private in the mounted guard (preventive service) at an
  obscure part of the Cornwall coast; with four shillings a day; and
  a wife and nine children; most of whose education he has himself to
  conduct。  He never tastes the luxuries which are so common in the
  middle ranks of life; and even amongst a large portion of the
  working classes。  He has to mend with his own hands every sort of
  thing that can break or wear in his house。  Yet Mr。 Peach is a
  votary of Natural History; not a student of the science in books;
  for he cannot afford books; but an investigator by sea and shore; a
  collector of Zoophytes and Echinodermata … strange creatures; many
  of which are as yet hardly known to man。  These he collects;
  preserves; and describes; and every year does he come up to the
  British Association with a few novelties of this kind; accompanied
  by illustrative papers and drawings:  thus; under circumstances the
  very opposite of those of such men as Lord Enniskillen; adding; in
  like manner; to the general stock of knowledge。  On the present
  occasion he is unusually elated; for he has made the discovery of a
  Holothuria with twenty tentacula; a species of the Echinodermata
  which Professor Forbes; in his book on Star…Fishes; has said was
  never yet observed in the British seas。  It may be of small moment
  to you; who; mayhap; know nothing of Holothurias:  but it is a
  considerable thing to the Fauna of Britain; and a vast matter to a
  poor private of the Cornwall mounted guard。  And accordingly he
  will go home in a few days; full of the glory of his exhibition;
  and strong anew by the kind notice taken of him by the masters of
  the science; to similar inquiries; difficult as it may be to
  prosecute them; under such a complication of duties; professional
  and domestic。  Honest Peach! humble as is thy home; and simple thy
  bearing; thou art an honour even to this assemblage of nobles and
  doctors:  nay; more; when we consider everything; thou art an
  honour to human nature itself; for where is the heroism like that
  of virtuous; intelligent; independent poverty?  And such heroism is
  thine!〃 … CHAMBERS' EDIN。 JOURN。; Nov。 23; 1844。
  Mr。 Peach has been since rewarded in part for his long labours in
  the cause of science; by having been removed to a more lucrative
  post on the north coast of Scotland; the earnest; it is to be
  hoped; of still further promotion。
  I mentioned just now Synapta; or; as Montagu called it; Chirodota:
  a much better name; and; I think; very uselessly changed; for
  Chirodota expresses the peculiarity of the beast; which consists in
  … start not; reader … twelve hands; like human hands; while Synapta
  expresses merely its power of clinging to the fingers; which it
  possesses in common with many other animals。  It is; at least; a
  beast worth talking about; as for finding one; I fear that we have
  no chance of such good fortune。
  Colonel Montagu found them here some forty years ago; and after
  him; Mr。 Alder; in 1845。  I found hundreds of them; but only once;
  in 1854 after a heavy south…eastern gale; washed up among the great
  Lutrariae in a cove near Goodrington; but all my dredging outside
  failed to procure a specimen … Mr。 Alder; however; and Mr。 Cocks
  (who find everything; and will at last certainly catch Midgard; the
  great sea…se