reversing　of　these　two　cardinal　points；　and　we　must　bear　it　in　mind
  in　order　to　be　able　to　follow　President　Barbicane's　observations。
  With　the　help　of　Boeer　and　Moedler's　_Mappa　Selenographica_；
  the　travelers　were　able　at　once　to　recognize　that　portion
  of　the　disc　enclosed　within　the　field　of　their　glasses。
  〃What　are　we　looking　at；　at　this　moment？〃　asked　Michel。
  〃At　the　northern　part　of　the　‘Sea　of　Clouds；'〃　answered　Barbicane。
  〃We　are　too　far　off　to　recognize　its　nature。　　Are　these　plains
  composed　of　arid　sand；　as　the　first　astronomer　maintained？
  Or　are　they　nothing　but　immense　forests；　according　to　M。　Warren
  de　la　Rue's　opinion；　who　gives　the　moon　an　atmosphere；　though
  a　very　low　and　a　very　dense　one？　　That　we　shall　know　by　and　by。
  We　must　affirm　nothing　until　we　are　in　a　position　to　do　so。〃
  This　〃Sea　of　Clouds〃　is　rather　doubtfully　marked　out　upon　the　maps。
  It　is　supposed　that　these　vast　plains　are　strewn　with　blocks　of
  lava　from　the　neighboring　volcanoes　on　its　right；　Ptolemy；
  Purbach；　Arzachel。　　But　the　projectile　was　advancing；　and　sensibly
  nearing　it。　　Soon　there　appeared　the　heights　which　bound　this　sea
  at　this　northern　limit。　　Before　them　rose　a　mountain　radiant　with
  beauty；　the　top　of　which　seemed　lost　in　an　eruption　of　solar　rays。
  〃That　is？〃　asked　Michel。
  〃Copernicus；〃　replied　Barbicane。
  〃Let　us　see　Copernicus。〃
  This　mount；　situated　in　9@　north　latitude　and　20@　east
  longitude；　rose　to　a　height　of　10；600　feet　above　the　surface　of
  the　moon。　　It　is　quite　visible　from　the　earth；　and　astronomers
  can　study　it　with　ease；　particularly　during　the　phase　between
  the　last　quarter　and　the　new　moon；　because　then　the　shadows　are
  thrown　lengthways　from　east　to　west；　allowing　them　to　measure
  the　heights。
  This　Copernicus　forms　the　most　important　of　the　radiating
  system；　situated　in　the　southern　hemisphere；　according　to　Tycho
  Brahe。　　It　rises　isolated　like　a　gigantic　lighthouse　on　that
  portion　of　the　〃Sea　of　Clouds；〃　which　is　bounded　by　the　〃Sea　of
  Tempests；〃　thus　lighting　by　its　splendid　rays　two　oceans　at
  a　time。　　It　was　a　sight　without　an　equal；　those　long　luminous
  trains；　so　dazzling　in　the　full　moon；　and　which；　passing　the
  boundary　chain　on　the　north；　extends　to　the　〃Sea　of　Rains。〃
  At　one　o'clock　of　the　terrestrial　morning；　the　projectile；
  like　a　balloon　borne　into　space；　overlooked　the　top　of　this
  superb　mount。　　Barbicane　could　recognize　perfectly　its
  chief　features。　　Copernicus　is　comprised　in　the　series　of
  ringed　mountains　of　the　first　order；　in　the　division　of
  great　circles。　　Like　Kepler　and　Aristarchus；　which　overlook
  the　〃Ocean　of　Tempests；〃　sometimes　it　appeared　like　a　brilliant
  point　through　the　cloudy　light；　and　was　taken　for　a　volcano
  in　activity。　　But　it　is　only　an　extinct　one　like　all　on　that
  side　of　the　moon。　　Its　circumference　showed　a　diameter　of　about
  twenty…two　leagues。　　The　glasses　discovered　traces　of
  stratification　produced　by　successive　eruptions；　and　the
  neighborhood　was　strewn　with　volcanic　remains　which　still　choked
  some　of　the　craters。
  〃There　exist；〃　said　Barbicane；　〃several　kinds　of　circles　on　the
  surface　of　the　moon；　and　it　is　easy　to　see　that　Copernicus
  belongs　to　the　radiating　class。　　If　we　were　nearer；　we　should
  see　the　cones　bristling　on　the　inside；　which　in　former　times
  were　so　many　fiery　mouths。　　A　curious　arrangement；　and　one
  without　an　exception　on　the　lunar　disc；　is　that　the　interior
  surface　of　these　circles　is　the　reverse　of　the　exterior；　and
  contrary　to　the　form　taken　by　terrestrial　craters。　　It　follows；
  then；　that　the　general　curve　of　the　bottom　of　these　circles
  gives　a　sphere　of　a　smaller　diameter　than　that　of　the　moon。〃
  〃And　why　this　peculiar　disposition？〃　asked　Nicholl。
  〃We　do　not　know；〃　replied　Barbicane。
  〃What　splendid　radiation！〃　said　Michel。　　〃One　could　hardly　see
  a　finer　spectacle；　I　think。〃
  〃What　would　you　say；　then；〃　replied　Barbicane；　〃if　chance　should
  bear　us　toward　the　southern　hemisphere？〃
  〃Well；　I　should　say　that　it　was　still　more　beautiful；〃　retorted
  Michel　Ardan。
  At　this　moment　the　projectile　hung　perpendicularly　over　the　circle。
  The　circumference　of　Copernicus　formed　almost　a　perfect　circle；
  and　its　steep　escarpments　were　clearly　defined。　　They　could　even
  distinguish　a　second　ringed　enclosure。　　Around　spread　a　grayish
  plain；　of　a　wild　aspect；　on　which　every　relief　was　marked　in　yellow。
  At　the　bottom　of　the　circle；　as　if　enclosed　in　a　jewel　case；
  sparkled　for　one　instant　two　or　three　eruptive　cones；　like　enormous
  dazzling　gems。　　Toward　the　north　the　escarpments　were　lowered　by　a
  depression　which　would　probably　have　given　access　to　the　interior
  of　the　crater。
  In　passing　over　the　surrounding　plains；　Barbicane　noticed　a
  great　number　of　less　important　mountains；　and　among　others　a
  little　ringed　one　called　Guy　Lussac；　the　breadth　of　which
  measured　twelve　miles。
  Toward　the　south；　the　plain　was　very　flat；　without　one
  elevation；　without　one　projection。　　Toward　the　north；　on　the
  contrary；　till　where　it　was　bounded　by　the　〃Sea　of　Storms；〃　it
  resembled　a　liquid　surface　agitated　by　a　storm；　of　which　the
  hills　and　hollows　formed　a　succession　of　waves　suddenly　congealed。
  Over　the　whole　of　this；　and　in　all　directions；　lay　the　luminous
  lines；　all　converging　to　the　summit　of　Copernicus。
  The　travelers　discussed　the　origin　of　these　strange　rays；　but　they
  could　not　determine　their　nature　any　more　than　terrestrial　observers。
  〃But　why；〃　said　Nicholl；　〃should　not　these　rays　be　simply　spurs
  of　mountains　which　reflect　more　vividly　the　light　of　the　sun？〃
  〃No；〃　replied　Barbicane；　〃if　it　was　so；　under　certain　conditions
  of　the　moon；　these　ridges　would　cast　shadows；　and　they　do　not
  cast　any。〃
  And　indeed；　these　rays　only　appeared　when　the　orb　of　day　was　in
  opposition　to　the　moon；　and　disappeared　as　soon　as　its　rays
  became　oblique。
  〃But　how　have　they　endeavored　to　explain　these　lines　of　light？〃
  asked　Michel；　〃for　I　cannot　believe　that　savants　would　ever　be
  stranded　for　want　of　an　explanation。〃
  〃Yes；〃　replied　Barbicane；　〃Herschel　has　put　forward　an　opinion；
  but　he　did　not　venture　to　affirm　it。〃
  〃Never　mind。　　What　was　the　opinion？〃
  〃He　thought　that　these　rays　might　be　streams　of　cooled　lava
  which　shone　when　the　sun　beat　straight　upon　them。　　It　may　be　so；
  but　nothing　can　be　less　certain。　　Besides；　if　we　pass　nearer　to
  Tycho；　we　shall　be　in　a　better　position　to　find　out　the　cause　of
  this　radiation。〃
  〃Do　you　know；　my　friends；　what　that　plain；　seen　from　the　height
  we　are　at；　resembles？〃　said　Michel。
  〃No；〃　replied　Nicholl。
  〃Very　well；　with　all　those　pieces　of　lava　lengthened　like　rockets；
  it　resembles　an　immense　game　of　spelikans　thrown　pellmell。
  There　wants　but　the　hook　to　pull　them　out　one　by　one。〃
  〃Do　be　serious；〃　said　Barbicane。
  〃Well；　let　us　be　serious；〃　replied　Michel　quietly；　〃and　instead
  of　spelikans；　let　us　put　bones。　　This　plain；　would　then　be
  nothing　but　an　immense　cemetery；　on　which　would　repose　the
  mortal　remains　of　thousands　of　extinct　generations。　　Do　you
  prefer　that　high…flown　comparison？〃
  〃One　is　as　good　as　the　other；〃　retorted　Barbicane。
  〃My　word；　you　are　difficult　to　please；〃　answered　Michel。
  〃My　worthy　friend；〃　continued　the　matter…of…fact　Barbicane；　〃it
  matters　but　little　what　it　_resembles_；　when　we　do　not　know　what
  it　_is_。〃
  〃Well　answered；〃　exclaimed　Michel。　　〃That　will　teach　me　to
  reason　with　savants。〃
  But　the　projectile　continued　to　advance　with　almost　uniform
  speed　around　the　lunar　disc。　　The　travelers；　we　may　easily
  imagine；　did　not　dream　of　taking　a　moment's　rest。　　Every　minute
  changed　the　landscape　which　fled　from　beneath　their　gaze。
  About　half　past　one　o'clock　in　the　morning；　they　caught　a　glimpse
  of　the　tops　of　another　mountain。　　Barbicane；　consulting　his　map；
  recognized　Eratosthenes。
  It　was　a　ringed　mountain　nine　thousand　feet　high；　and　one　of
  those　circles　so　numerous　on　this　satellite。　　With　regard　to
  this；　Barbicane　related　Kepler's　singular　opinion　on　the
  formation　of　circles。　　According　to　that　celebrated
  mathematician；　these　crater…like　cavities　had　been　dug　by　the
  hand　of　man。
  〃For　what　purpose？〃　asked　Nicholl。
  〃For　a　very　natural　one；〃　replied　Barbicane。　　〃The　Selenites
  might　have　undertaken　these　immense　works　and　dug　these　enormous
  holes　for　a　refuge　and　shield　from　the　solar　rays　which　beat
  upon　them　during　fifteen　consecutive　days。〃
  〃The　Selenites　are　not　fools；〃　said　Michel。
  〃A　singular　idea；〃　replied　Nicholl；　〃but　it　is　probable　that
  Kepler　did　not　know　the　true　dimensions　of　these　circles；　for
  the　digging　of　them　would　have　been　the　work　of　giants　quite
  impossible　for　the　Selenites。〃
  〃Why？　if　weight　on　the　moon's　surface　is　six　times　less　than　on
  the　earth？〃　said　Michel。
  〃But　if　the　Selenites　are　six　times　smaller？〃　retorted　Nicholl。
  〃And　if　there　are　_no_　Selenites？〃　added　Barbicane。
  This　put　an　end　to　the　discussion。
  Soon　Eratosthenes　disappeared　under　the　horizon　without　the
  projectile　being　sufficiently　near　to　allow　close　observation。
  This　mountain　separated　the　Apennines　from　the　Carpathians。　In　the
  lunar　orography　they　have　discerned　some　chains　of　mountains；　which
  are　chiefly　distributed　over　the　northern　hemisphere。