第 5 节
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披荆斩棘 更新:2022-07-08 12:27 字数:9322
even though it be an insignificant fact; it is of the KIND to
which all realities whatsoever must belong; the motor currents of
the world run through the like of it; it is on the line
connecting real events with real events。 That unsharable feeling
which each one of us has of the pinch of his individual destiny
as he privately feels it rolling out on fortune's wheel may be
disparaged for its egotism; may be sneered at as unscientific;
but it is the one thing that fills up the measure of our concrete
actuality; and any would…be existent that should lack such a
feeling; or its analogue; would be a piece of reality only half
made up。'336'
'336' Compare Lotze's doctrine that the only meaning we can
attach to the notion of a thing as it is 〃in itself〃 is by
conceiving it as it is FOR itself; i。e。; as a piece of full
experience with a private sense of 〃pinch〃 or inner activity of
some sort going with it。
If this be true; it is absurd for science to say that the
egotistic elements of experience should be suppressed。 The axis
of reality runs solely through the egotistic placesthey are
strung upon it like so many beads。 To describe the world with
all the various feelings of the individual pinch of destiny; all
the various spiritual attitudes; left out from the
descriptionthey being as describable as anything else would
be something like offering a printed bill of fare as the
equivalent for a solid meal。 Religion makes no such blunder。
The individual's religion may be egotistic; and those private
realities which it keeps in touch with may be narrow enough; but
at any rate it always remains infinitely less hollow and
abstract; as far as it goes; than a science which prides itself
on taking no account of anything private at all。
A bill of fare with one real raisin on it instead of the word
〃raisin;〃 with one real egg instead of the word 〃egg;〃 might be
an inadequate meal; but it would at least be a commencement of
reality。 The contention of the survival…theory that we ought to
stick to non…personal elements exclusively seems like saying that
we ought to be satisfied forever with reading the naked bill of
fare。 I think; therefore; that however particular questions
connected with our individual destinies may be answered; it is
only by acknowledging them as genuine questions; and living in
the sphere of thought which they open up; that we become
profound。 But to live thus is to be religious; so I
unhesitatingly repudiate the survival…theory of religion; as
being founded on an egregious mistake。 It does not follow;
because our ancestors made so many errors of fact and mixed them
with their religion; that we should therefore leave off being
religious at all。'337' By being religious we establish ourselves
in possession of ultimate reality at the only points at which
reality is given us to guard。 Our responsible concern is with
our private destiny; after all。
'337' Even the errors of fact may possibly turn out not to be as
wholesale as the scientist assumes。 We saw in Lecture IV how the
religious conception of the universe seems to many mind…curers
〃verified〃 from day to day by their experience of fact。
〃Experience of fact〃 is a field with so many things in it that
the sectarian scientist methodically declining; as he does; to
recognize such 〃facts〃 as mind…curers and others like them
experience; otherwise than by such rude heads of classification
as 〃bosh;〃 〃rot;〃 〃folly;〃 certainly leaves out a mass of raw
fact which; save for the industrious interest of the religious in
the more personal aspects of reality; would never have succeeded
in getting itself recorded at all。 We know this to be true
already in certain cases; it may; therefore; be true in others as
well。 Miraculous healings have always been part of the
supernaturalist stock in trade; and have always been dismissed by
the scientist as figments of the imagination。 But the
scientist's tardy education in the facts of hypnotism has
recently given him an apperceiving mass for phenomena of this
order; and he consequently now allows that the healings may
exist; provided you expressly call them effects of 〃suggestion。〃
Even the stigmata of the cross on Saint Francis's hands and feet
may on these terms not be a fable。 Similarly; the time…honored
phenomenon of diabolical possession is on the point of being
admitted by the scientist as a fact; now that he has the name of
〃hystero…demonopathy〃 by which to apperceive it。 No one can
foresee just how far this legitimation of occultist phenomena
under newly found scientist titles may proceedeven 〃prophecy;〃
even 〃levitation;〃 might creep into the pale。
Thus the divorce between scientist facts and religious facts may
not necessarily be as eternal as it at first sight seems; nor the
personalism and romanticism of the world; as they appeared to
primitive thinking; be matters so irrevocably outgrown。 The
final human opinion may; in short; in some manner now impossible
to foresee; revert to the more personal style; just as any path
of progress may follow a spiral rather than a straight line。 If
this were so; the rigorously impersonal view of science might one
day appear as having been a temporarily useful eccentricity
rather than the definitively triumphant position which the
sectarian scientist at present so confidently announces it to be。
You see now why I have been so individualistic throughout these
lectures; and why I have seemed so bent on rehabilitating the
element of feeling in religion and subordinating its intellectual
part。 Individuality is founded in feeling; and the recesses of
feeling; the darker; blinder strata of character; are the only
places in the world in which we catch real fact in the making;
and directly perceive how events happen; and how work is actually
done。'338' Compared with this world of living individualized
feelings; the world of generalized objects which the intellect
contemplates is without solidity or life。 As in stereoscopic or
kinetoscopic pictures seen outside the instrument; the third
dimension; the movement; the vital element; are not there。 We
get a beautiful picture of an express train supposed to be
moving; but where in the picture; as I have heard a friend say;
is the energy or the fifty miles an hour?'339'
'338' Hume's criticism has banished causation from the world of
physical objects; and 〃Science〃 is absolutely satisfied to define
cause in terms of concomitant change…read Mach; Pearson; Ostwald。
The 〃original〃 of the notion of causation is in our inner
personal experience; and only there can causes in the
old…fashioned sense be directly observed and described。
'339' When I read in a religious paper words like these:
〃Perhaps the best thing we can say of God is that he is THE
INEVITABLE INFERENCE;〃 I recognize the tendency to let religion
evaporate in intellectual terms。 Would martyrs have sung in the
flames for a mere inference; however inevitable it might be?
Original religious men; like Saint Francis; Luther; Behmen; have
usually been enemies of the intellect's pretension to meddle with
religious things。 Yet the intellect; everywhere invasive; shows
everywhere its shallowing effect。 See how the ancient spirit of
Methodism evaporates under those wonderfully able rationalistic
booklets (which every one should read) of a philosopher like
Professor Bowne (The Christian Revelation; The Christian Life The
Atonement: Cincinnati and New York; 1898; 1899; 1900)。 See the
positively expulsive purpose of philosophy properly so called:
〃Religion;〃 writes M。 Vacherot (La Religion; Paris; 1869; pp。
313; 436; et passim); 〃answers to a transient state or condition;
not to a permanent determination of human nature; being merely an
expression of that stage of the human mind which is dominated by
the imagination。 。 。 。 Christianity has but a single possible
final heir to its estate; and that is scientific philosophy。〃
In a still more radical vein; Professor Ribot (Psychologie des
Sentiments; p。 310) describes the evaporation of religion。 He
sums it up in a single formulathe ever…growing predominance of
the rational intellectual element; with the gradual fading out of
the emotional element; this latter tending to enter into the
group of purely intellectual sentiments。 〃