＇1＇　1　Kings　xiv。　22…24。
  ＇2＇　2　Kings　xxiii。
  ＇3＇　See　Herodotus　i。　199；　also　a　reference　to　this　custom　in　the　apocryphal　Baruch；　vi。　42；　43。
  ＇4＇　The　Thousand　Nights　and　a　Night　（1886　edn。）；　vol。　x；　p。　229。
  In　India　again；　in　connection　with　the　Hindu　Temples　and　their　rites；　we　have　exactly　the　same　institution　of　girls　attached　to　the　Temple　servicethe　Nautch…girlswhose　functions　in　past　times　were　certainly　sexual；　and　whose　dances　in　honor　of　the　god　are；　even　down　to　the　present　day；　decidedly　amatory　in　character。　Then　we　have　the　very　numerous　lingams　（conventional　representations　of　the　male　organ）　to　be　seen；　scores　and　scores　of　them；　in　the　arcades　and　cloisters　of　the　Hindu　Temples　to　which　women　of　all　classes；　especially　those　who　wish　to　become　mothers；　resort；　anointing　them　copiously　with　oil；　and　signalizing　their　respect　and　devotion　to　them　in　a　very　practical　way。　As　to　the　lingam　as　representing　the　male　organ；　in　some　form　or　otheras　upright　stone　or　pillar　or　obelisk　or　slender　round　towerit　occurs　all　over　the；　world；　notably　in　Ireland；　and　forms　such　a　memorial　of　the　adoration　paid　by　early　folk　to　the　great　emblem　and　instrument　of　human　fertility；　as　cannot　be　mistaken。　The　pillars　set　up　by　Solomon　in　front　of　his　temple　were　obviously　from　their　namesJachin　and　Boaz＇1＇meant　to　be　emblems　of　this　kind；　and　the　fact　that　they　were　crowned　with　pomegranatesthe　universally　accepted　symbol　of　the　femaleconfirms　and　clinches　this　interpretation。　The　obelisks　before　the　Egyptians'　temples　were　signs　of　the　same　character。　The　well…known　T…shaped　cross　was　in　use　in　pagan　lands　long　before　Christianity；　as　a　representation　of　the　male　member；　and　also　at　the　same　time　of　the　'tree'　on　which　the　god　（Attis　or　Adonis　or　Krishna　or　whoever　it　might　be）　was　crucified；　and　the　same　symbol　combined　with　the　oval　（or　yoni）　formed　THE　Crux　Ansata　｛Ankh｝　of　the　old　Egyptian　rituala　figure　which　is　to…day　sold　in　Cairo　as　a　potent　charm；　and　confessedly　indicates　the　conjunction　of　the　two　sexes　in　one　design。＇2＇　MacLennan　in　The　Fortnightly　Review　（Oct。　1869）　quotes　with　approval　the　words　of　Sanchoniathon；　as　saying　that　〃men　first　worship　plants；　next　the　heavenly　bodies；　supposed　to　be　animals；　then　'pillars'　（emblems　of　the　Procreator）；　and　last；　the　anthropomorphic　gods。〃
  ＇1＇　〃He　shall　establish〃　and　〃In　it　is　strength〃　are　in　the　Bible　the　marginal　interpretations　of　these　two　words。
  ＇2＇　The　connection　between　the　production　of　fire　by　means　of　the　fire…drill　and　the　generation　of　life　by　sex…intercourse　is　a　very　obvious　one；　and　lends　itself　to　magical　ideas。　J。　E。　Hewitt　in　his　Ruling　Races　of　Prehistoric　Times　（1894）　says　（vol。　i；　p。　8）　that　〃Magha；　the　mother…goddess　worshipped　in　Asia　Minor；　was　originally　the　socket…block　from　which　fire　was　generated　by　the　fire…drill。〃　Hence　we　have；　he　says；　the　Magi　of　Persia；　and　the　Maghadas　of　Indian　History；　also　the　word　'Magic。〃
  It　is　not　necessary　to　enlarge　on　this　subject。　The　facts　of　the　connection　of　sexual　rites　with　religious　services　nearly　everywhere　in　the　early　world　are；　as　I　say；　sufficiently　patent　to　every　inquirer。　But　it　IS　necessary　to　try　to　understand　the　rationale　of　this　connection。　To　dispatch　all　such　cases　under　the　mere　term　〃religious　prostitution〃　is　no　explanation。　The　term　suggests；　of　course；　that　the　plea　of　religion　was　used　simply　as　an　excuse　and　a　cover　for　sexual　familiarities；　but　though　this　kind　of　explanation　commends　itself；　no　doubt；　to　the　modern　manwhose　religion　is　as　commercial　as　his　sex…relationships　areand　though　in　CASES　no　doubt　it　was　a　true　explanationyet　it　is　obvious　that　among　people　who　took　religion　seriously；　as　a　matter　of　life　and　death　and　who　did　not　need　hypocritical　excuses　or　covers　for　sex…relationships；　it　cannot　be　accepted　as　in　general　the　RIGHT　explanation。　No；　the　real　explanation　isand　I　will　return　to　this　presentlythat　sexual　relationships　are　so　deep　and　intimate　a　part　of　human　nature　that　from　the　first　it　has　been　simply　impossible　to　keep　them　OUT　of　religionit　being　of　course　the　object　of　religion　to　bring　the　whole　human　being　into　some　intelligible　relation　with　the　physical；　moral；　and　if　you　like　supernatural　order　of　the　great　world　around　him。　Sex　was　felt　from　the　first　to　be　part；　and　a　foundational　part；　of　the　great　order　of　the　world　and　of　human　nature；　and　therefore　to　separate　it　from　Religion　was　unthinkable　and　a　kind　of　contradiction　in　terms。＇1＇
  ＇1＇　For　further　development　of　this　subject　see　ch。　xv。
  If　that　is　trueit　will　be　askedhow　was　it　that　that　divorce　DID　take　placethat　the　taboo　did　arise？　How　was　it　that　the　Jews；　under　the　influence　of　Josiah　and　the　Hebrew　prophets；　turned　their　faces　away　from　sex　and　strenuously　opposed　the　Syrian　cults？　How　was　it　that　this　reaction　extended　into　Christianity　and　became　even　more　definite　in　the　Christian　Churchthat　monks　went　by　thousands　into　the　deserts　of　the　Thebaid；　and　that　the　early　Fathers　and　Christian　apologists　could　not　find　terms　foul　enough　to　hurl　at　Woman　as　the　symbol　（to　them）　of　nothing　but　sex…corruption　and　delusion？　How　was　it　that　this　contempt　of　the　body　and　degradation　of　sex…　things　went　on　far　into　the　Middle　Ages　of　Europe；　and　ultimately　created　an　organized　system　of　hypocrisy；　and　concealment　and　suppression　of　sex…instincts；　which；　acting　as　cover　to　a　vile　commercial　Prostitution　and　as　a　breeding　ground　for　horrible　Disease；　has　lasted　on　even　to　the　edge　of　the　present　day？
  This　is　a　fair　question；　and　one　which　demands　an　answer。　There　must　have　been　a　reason；　and　a　deep…rooted　one；　for　this　remarkable　reaction　and　volte…face　which　has　characterized　Christianity；　and；　perhaps　to　a　lesser　degree；　other　both　earlier　and　later　cults　like　those　of　the　Buddhists；　the　Egyptians；　the　Aztecs；＇1＇　and　so　forth。
  ＇1＇　For　the　Aztecs；　see　Acosta；　vol。　ii；　p。　324　（London；　1604）。
  It　may　be　saidand　this　is　a　fair　answer　on　the　SURFACE　of　the　problemthat　the　main　reason　WAS　something　in　the　nature　of　a　reaction。　The　excesses　and　corruptions　of　sex　in　Syria　had　evidently　become　pretty　bad；　and　that　very　fact　may　have　led　to　a　pendulum…swing　of　the　Jewish　Church　in　the　opposite　direction；　and　again　in　the　same　way　the　general　laxity　of　morals　in　the　decay　of　the　Roman　empire　may　have　confirmed　the　Church　of　early　Christendom　in　its　determination　to　keep　along　the　great　high　road　of　asceticism。　The　Christian　followed　on　the　Jewish　and　Egyptian　Churches；　and　in　this　way　a　great　tradition　of　sexual　continence　and　anti…pagan　morality　came　right　down　the　centuries　even　into　modern　times。
  This　seems　so　far　a　reasonable　theory；　but　I　think　we　shall　go　farther　and　get　nearer　the　heart　of　the　problem　if　we　revert　to　the　general　clue　which　I　have　followed　already　more　than　oncethe　clue　of　the　necessary　evolution　of　human　Consciousnss。　In　the　first　or　animal　stage　of　human　evolution；　Sex　was　（as　among　the　animals）　a　perfectly　necessary；　instinctive　and　unself…conscious　activity。　It　was　harmonious　with　itself；　natural；　and　unproductive　of　evil。　But　when　the　second　stage　set　in；　in　which　man　became　preponderantly　SELF…conscious；　he　inevitably　set　about　deflecting　sex…activities　to　his　own　private　pleasure　and　advantage；　he　employed　his　budding　intellect　in　scheming　the　derailment　of　passion　and　desire　from　tribal　needs　and；　Nature's　uses　to　the　poor　details　of　his　own　gratification。　If　the　first　stage　of　harmonious　sex…instinct　and　activity　may　be　held　as　characteristic　of　the　Golden　Age；　the　second　stage　must　be　taken　to　represent　the　Fall　of　man　and　his　expulsion　from　Paradise　in　the　Garden　of　Eden　story。　The　pleasure　and　glory　of　Sex　having　been　turned　to　self…purposes；　Sex　itself　became　the　great　Sin。　A　sense　of　guilt　overspread　man's　thoughts　on　the　subject。　〃He　knew　that　he　was　naked；〃　and　he　fled　from　the　voice　and　face　of　the　Lord。　From　that　moment　one　of　the　main　objects　of　his　life　（in　its　inner　and　newer　activities）　came　to　be　the　DENIAL　of　Sex。　Sex　was　conceived　of　as　the　great　Antagonist；　the　old　Serpent　lying　ever　in　wait　to　betray　him；　and　there　arrived　a　moment　in　the　history　of　every　race；　and　of　every　representative　religion；　when　the　sexual　rites　and　ceremonies　of　the　older　time　lost　their　naive　and　quasi…innocent　character　and　became　afflicted　with　a　sense　of　guilt　and　indecency。　This　extraordinarily　interesting　and　dramatic　moment　in　human　evolution　was　of　course　that　in　which　self…consciousness　grew　powerful　enough　to　penetrate　to　the　centre　of　human　vitality；　the　sanctumof　man's　inner　life；　his　sexual　instinct；　and　to　deal　it　a　terrific　blowa　blow　from　which　it　has　never　yet　recovered；　and　from　which　indeed　it　will　not　recover；　until　the　very　nature　of　man's　inner　life　is　changed。
  It　may　be　said　that　it　was　very　foolish　of　Man　to　deny　and　to　try　to　expel　a　perfectly　natural　and　sensible　thing；　a　necessary　and　indispensable　part　of　his　own　nature。　And　that；　as　far　as　I　can　see；　is　perfectly　true。　But　sometimes　it　is　unavoidable；　it　would　seem；　to　do　foolish　things　if　only　to　convince　oneself　of　one's　own　foolishness。　On　the　other　hand；　this　policy　on　the　part　of　Man　was　certainly　very　wisewiser　than　he　knewfor　in　attempting　to　drive　out　Sex　（wh