；　eat　him；　live　BY　him　and　through　him；　by　his　grace。〃
  ＇1＇　Home　University　Library；　p。　87。
  We　have　already　had　to　deal　with　instances　of　the　ceremonial　eating　of　the　sacred　he…Lamb　or　Ram；　immolated　in　the　Spring　season　of　the　year；　and　partaken　of　in　a　kind　of　communal　feastnot　without　reference　（at　any　rate　in　later　times）　to　a　supposed　Lamb…god。　Among　the　Ainos　in　the　North　of　Japan；　as　also　among　the　Gilyaks　in　Eastern　Siberia；　the　Bear　is　the　great　food…animal；　and　is　worshipped　as　the　supreme　giver　of　health　and　strength。　There　also　a　similar　ritual　of　sacrifice　occurs。　A　perfect　Bear　is　caught　and　caged。　He　is　fed　up　and　even　pampered　to　the　day　of　his　death。　〃Fish；　brandy　and　other　delicacies　are　offered　to　him。　Some　of　the　people　prostrate　themselves　before　him；　his　coming　into　a　house　brings　a　blessing；　and　if　he　sniffs　at　the　food　that　brings　a　blessing　too。〃　Then　he　is　led　out　and　slain。　A　great　feast　takes　place；　the　flesh　is　divided；　cupfuls　of　the　blood　are　drunk　by　the　men；　the　tribe　is　united　and　strengthened；　and　the　Bear…god　blesses　the　ceremonythe　ideal　Bear　that　has　given　its　life　for　the　people。＇1＇
  ＇1＇　See　Art　and　Ritual；　pp。　92…98；　The　Golden　Bough；　ii；　375　seq。；　Themis；　pp。　140；　141；　etc。
  That　the　eating　of　the　flesh　of　an　animal　or　a　man　conveys　to　you　some　of　the　qualities；　the　life…force；　the　mana；　of　that　animal　or　man；　is　an　idea　which　one　often　meets　with　among　primitive　folk。　Hence　the　common　tendency　to　eat　enemy　warriors　slain　in　battle　against　your　tribe。　By　doing　so　you　absorb　some　of　their　valor　and　strength。　Even　the　enemy　scalps　which　an　Apache　Indian　might　hang　from　his　belt　were　something　magical　to　add　to　the　Apache's　power。　As　Gilbert　Murray　says；＇1＇　〃you　devoured　the　holy　animal　to　get　its　mana；　its　swiftness；　its　strength；　its　great　endurance；　just　as　the　savage　now　will　eat　his　enemy's　brain　or　heart　or　hands　to　get　some　particular　quality　residing　there。〃　Evenas　he　explains　on　the　earlier　pagemere　CONTACT　was　often　considered　sufficient〃we　have　holy　pillars　whose　holiness　consists　in　the　fact　that　they　have　been　touched　by　the　blood　of　a　bull。〃　And　in　this　connection　we　may　note　that　nearly　all　the　Christian　Churches　have　a　great　belief　in　the　virtue　imparted　by　the　mere　'laying　on　of　hands。'
  ＇1＇　Four　Stages　of　Greek　Religion；　p。　36。
  In　quite　a　different　connectionwe　read＇1＇　that　among　the　Spartans　a　warrior…boy　would　often　beg　for　the　love　of　the　elder　warrior　whom　he　admired　（i。　e。　the　contact　with　his　body）　in　order　to　obtain　in　that　way　a　portion　of　the　latter's　courage　and　prowess。　That　through　the　mediation　of　the　lips　one's　spirit　may　be　united　to　the　spirit　of　another　person　is　an　idea　not　unfamiliar　to　the　modern　mind；　while　the　exchange　of　blood；　clothes；　locks　of　hair；　etc。；　by　lovers　is　a　custom　known　all　over　the　world。＇2＇
  ＇1＇　Aelian　VII；　iii；　12：　　。　See　also　E。　Bethe　on　〃Die　Dorische　Knabenliebe〃　in　the　Rheinisches　Museum；　vol。　26；　iii；　461。
  ＇2＇　See　Crawley's　Mystic　Rose；　pp。　238；　242。
  To　suppose　that　by　eating　another　you　absorb　his　or　her　soul　is　somewhat　naive　certainly。　Perhaps　it　IS　more　native；　more　primitive。　Yet　there　may　be　SOME　truth　even　in　that　idea。　Certainly　the　food　that　one　eats　has　a　psychological　effect；　and　the　flesh…eaters　among　the　human　race　have　a　different　temperament　as　a　rule　from　the　fruit　and　vegetable　eaters；　while　among　the　animals　（though　other　causes　may　come　in　here）　the　Carnivora　are　decidedly　more　cruel　and　less　gentle　than　the　Herbivora。
  To　return　to　the　rites　of　Dionysus；　Gilbert　Murray；　speaking　of　Orphisma　great　wave　of　religious　reform　which　swept　over　Greece　and　South　Italy　in　the　sixth　century　B。C。says：＇1＇　〃A　curious　relic　of　primitive　superstition　and　cruelty　remained　firmly　imbedded　in　Orphism；　a　doctrine　irrational　and　unintelligible；　and　for　that　very　reason　wrapped　in　the　deepest　and　most　sacred　mystery：　a　belief　in　the　SACRIFICE　OF　DIONYSUS　HIMSELF；　AND　THE　PURIFICATION　OF　MAN　BY　HIS　BLOOD。　It　seems　possible　that　the　savage　Thracians；　in　the　fury　of　their　worship　on　the　mountains；　when　they　were　possessed　by　the　god　and　became　'wild　beasts；'　actually　tore　with　their　teeth　and　hands　any　hares；　goats；　fawns　or　the　like　that　they　came　across。　。　。　。　The　Orphic　congregations　of　later　times；　in　their　most　holy　gatherings；　solemnly　partook　of　the　blood　of　a　bull；　which　was　by　a　mystery　the　blood　of　Dionysus…　Zagreus　himself；　the　Bull　of　God；　slain　in　sacrifice　for　the　purification　of　man。〃＇2＇
  ＇1＇　See　Notes　to　his　translation　of　the　Bacch　of　Euripides。
  ＇2＇　For　a　description　of　this　orgy　see　Theocritus；　Idyll　xxvi；　also　for　explanations　of　it；　Lang's　Myth；　Ritual　and　Religion；　vol。　ii；　pp；　241…260；　on　Dionysus。　The　Encyclopdia　Brit。；　article　〃Orpheus；〃　says：〃Orpheus；　in　the　manner　of　his　death；　was　considered　to　personate　the　god　Dionysus；　and　was　thus　representative　of　the　god　torn　to　pieces　every　yeara　ceremony　enacted　by　the　Bacchae　in　the　earliest　times　with　a　human　victim；　and　afterwards　with　a　bull；　to　represent　the　bull…formed　god。　A　distinct　feature　of　this　ritual　was　　（eating　the　flesh　of　the　victim　raw）；　whereby　the　communicants　imagined　that　they　consumed　and　assimilated　the　god　represented　by　the　victim；　and　thus　became　filled　with　the　divine　ecstasy。〃　Compare　also　the　Hindu　doctrine　of　Praj