第 13 节
作者:      更新:2022-06-15 11:22      字数:9322
  respects the economy of nature;           selects his victims with careful foresight;
  and after death does honour to their remains。              In the West the display of
  flowers   seems   to   be   a   part   of   the   pageantry   of   wealth;the   fancy   of   a
  moment。 Whither do they all go; these flowers; when the revelry is over?
  Nothing   is   more   pitiful   than   to   see   a   faded   flower   remorselessly flung
  upon a dung heap。
  Why were the flowers born so beautiful and yet so hapless?                    Insects
  can sting; and even the meekest of beasts will fight when brought to bay。
  The birds whose plumage is sought to deck some bonnet can fly from its
  pursuer; the furred animal whose coat you covet for your own may hide at
  your   approach。      Alas!     The   only     flower   known   to   have   wings   is   the
  butterfly; all others stand        helpless before the destroyer。          If they  shriek
  in their death agony        their cry never reaches our hardened ears。             We are
  ever brutal to      those who love and serve us in silence; but the time may
  come when; for our cruelty; we shall be deserted by these best friends of
  ours。   Have   you   not   noticed   that   the   wild   flowers   are   becoming   scarcer
  every year?       It may be that their wise men have told them to               depart till
  man becomes more human。              Perhaps they have migrated to heaven。
  Much may be said in favor of him who cultivates plants。                  The man of
  the   pot   is   far   more   humane   than   he   of   the   scissors。 We   watch   with
  delight his concern about water and sunshine; his feuds with parasites; his
  horror of frosts; his anxiety when the buds come slowly; his rapture when
  the leaves attain their lustre。        In the East the art of floriculture is a very
  ancient one; and the loves of a poet and his favorite plant have often been
  recorded in story and song。         With the development of ceramics during the
  Tang and Sung dynasties we hear of wonderful receptacles made to hold
  plants; not pots; but jewelled palaces。          A special attendant was detailed to
  wait upon each flower and to wash its leaves with soft brushes made of
  rabbit    hair。  It  has  been   written   '〃Pingtse〃;    by   Yuenchunlang'       that  the
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  peony   should   be   bathed   by   a   handsome   maiden   in   full   costume;   that   a
  winter…plum should be watered by a pale; slender monk。                   In Japan; one of
  the most popular of the No…dances; the Hachinoki; composed during the
  Ashikaga period; is based upon the story of an impoverished knight; who;
  on a freezing night; in lack of fuel for a fire; cuts his cherished plants in
  order to     entertain a wandering friar。         The friar is in reality no other than
  Hojo…Tokiyori; the Haroun…Al…Raschid of our tales; and the sacrifice is not
  without   its   reward。     This   opera   never   fails   to   draw   tears   from   a   Tokio
  audience even to…day。
  Great precautions were taken for the preservation of delicate blossoms。
  Emperor   Huensung;   of   the Tang   Dynasty;   hung   tiny  golden   bells   on   the
  branches in his garden to keep off the birds。              He it was who went off in
  the springtime with his court musicians to gladden the flowers with soft
  music。 A quaint tablet; which tradition ascribes to Yoshitsune; the hero of
  our Arthurian   legends;   is   still   extant   in   one   of   the  Japanese   monasteries
  'Sumadera; near Kobe'。 It is a notice put up for the protection of a certain
  wonderful plum…tree; and appeals to us with the grim humour of a warlike
  age。    After referring to the beauty of the blossoms; the inscription says:
  〃Whoever cuts a single branch of this tree shall forfeit a finger therefor。〃
  Would   that   such   laws   could   be   enforced   nowadays   against   those   who
  wantonly destroy flowers and mutilate objects of art!
  Yet   even   in   the   case   of   pot   flowers   we   are   inclined   to   suspect   the
  selfishness of man。        Why take the plants from their homes and ask them
  to bloom mid strange surroundings?              Is it not like asking the birds to sing
  and mate cooped up in cages? Who knows but that the orchids feel stifled
  by   the   artificial   heat   in   your   conservatories   and   hopelessly   long   for   a
  glimpse of their own Southern skies?
  The ideal lover of flowers is he who visits them in their native haunts;
  like Taoyuenming 'all celebrated Chinese poets and philosophers'; who sat
  before a broken bamboo fence in converse with the wild chrysanthemum;
  or Linwosing; losing himself amid mysterious fragrance as he wandered in
  the twilight among the plum…blossoms of the Western Lake。 'Tis said that
  Chowmushih slept in a boat so that his dreams might mingle with those of
  the lotus。     It was the same spirit which moved the Empress Komio; one
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  of our most renowned Nara sovereigns; as she sang: 〃If I pluck thee; my
  hand   will   defile   thee;   O   flower!   Standing   in   the   meadows   as   thou   art;   I
  offer thee to the Buddhas of the past; of the present; of the future。〃
  However; let us not be too sentimental。               Let us be less luxurious but
  more   magnificent。        Said   Laotse:   〃Heaven   and   earth   are   pitiless。〃      Said
  Kobodaishi:   〃Flow;   flow;   flow;   flow;   the   current   of   life   is   ever   onward。
  Die; die; die; die; death comes to all。〃 Destruction faces us wherever we
  turn。     Destruction       below    and    above;    destruction     behind     and   before。
  Change is the only Eternal;why not as welcome Death as Life?                           They
  are   but   counterparts   one   of   the   other;The   Night   and   Day   of   Brahma。
  Through the disintegration of the old; re…creation becomes possible。                       We
  have     worshipped      Death;    the   relentless   goddess     of  mercy;    under    many
  different names。        It was the shadow of the All…devouring that the Gheburs
  greeted in the fire。        It is the icy purism of the sword…soul before which
  Shinto…Japan   prostrates   herself   even   to…day。         The   mystic   fire   consumes
  our weakness; the sacred sword cleaves the bondage of desire。                      From our
  ashes springs   the phoenix of   celestial hope;  out of   the  freedom  comes   a
  higher realisation of manhood。
  Why      not   destroy     flowers    if  thereby     we   can    evolve    new     forms
  ennobling the world idea?            We only ask them to join in our             sacrifice to
  the beautiful。      We shall atone for the deed by             consecrating ourselves to
  Purity     and    Simplicity。      Thus      reasoned      the   tea…masters      when     they
  established the Cult of Flowers。
  Anyone acquainted with the ways of our tea… and flower…masters must
  have   noticed   the   religious   veneration   with   which   they   regard   flowers。
  They do not cull at random; but carefully select each branch or spray with
  an   eye   to   the   artistic   composition   they   have   in   mind。    They   would   be
  ashamed should they chance to cut more than were absolutely necessary。
  It may be remarked in this connection that they always associate the leaves;
  if   there   be   any;   with   the   flower;   for   the   object   is   to   present   the   whole
  beauty   of   plant   life。   In   this   respect;   as   in   many   others;   their   method
  differs from that pursued in Western countries。 Here we are apt to see only
  the flower stems; heads as it were; without body; stuck promiscuously into
  a vase。
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  When   a   tea…master   has   arranged   a   flower   to   his   satisfaction   he   will
  place     it  on  the   tokonoma;      the   place   of   honour     in  a  Japanese     room。
  Nothing else will be placed near it which might interfere with its effect;
  not even a painting; unless there be some special aesthetic reason for the
  combination。        It   rests   there   like   an   enthroned   prince;   and   the   guests   or
  disciples on entering the room will salute it with a profound bow before
  making      their   addresses     to  the  host。    Drawings       from   masterpieces       are
  made      and   published     for  the   edification    of  amateurs。      The     amount     of
  literature on the subject is quite voluminous。               When the flower fades; t