第 1 节
作者:      更新:2022-06-15 11:21      字数:9322
  The Book of Tea
  The Book of Tea
  by Kakuzo Okakura
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  The Book of Tea
  I。 The Cup of Humanity
  Tea began as a medicine and grew into a beverage。                 In China; in the
  eighth     century;   it  entered    the   realm    of  poetry    as  one    of  the   polite
  amusements。        The fifteenth century saw Japan ennoble it into a               religion
  of aestheticismTeaism。          Teaism is a cult founded on the adoration of the
  beautiful   among   the      sordid   facts   of   everyday   existence。     It   inculcates
  purity and harmony; the mystery of mutual charity; the romanticism of the
  social order。     It is essentially a     worship of the Imperfect; as it is a tender
  attempt   to   accomplish   something   possible   in   this   impossible   thing   we
  know as life。
  The    Philosophy      of   Tea   is  not   mere   aestheticism      in  the  ordinary
  acceptance of the term; for it expresses conjointly with ethics and religion
  our   whole   point   of   view   about   man   and   nature。     It   is hygiene;   for   it
  enforces   cleanliness;   it   is   economics;   for   it   shows   comfort   in   simplicity
  rather than in the complex and costly; it is moral geometry; inasmuch as it
  defines   our   sense   of   proportion   to   the   universe。    It   represents   the   true
  spirit of Eastern democracy by making all its votaries aristocrats in taste。
  The long isolation of Japan from the rest of the world; so conducive to
  introspection; has   been highly favourable to the development   of Teaism。
  Our home and habits; costume and cuisine; porcelain; lacquer; painting
  our very literatureall have been subject to its influence。                No student of
  Japanese   culture   could   ever   ignore   its   presence。      It   has   permeated   the
  elegance  of   noble boudoirs;   and   entered   the  abode   of  the   humble。         Our
  peasants have learned to arrange flowers; our meanest labourer to offer his
  salutation to the rocks and waters。           In our common parlance we speak of
  the   man   〃with   no   tea〃   in   him;   when   he   is insusceptible   to   the   serio…
  comic interests of the personal drama。             Again we stigmatise the untamed
  aesthete     who;    regardless     of   the   mundane      tragedy;    runs   riot   in  the
  springtide of emancipated emotions; as one 〃with too much tea〃 in him。
  The   outsider   may   indeed      wonder   at   this   seeming   much   ado   about
  nothing。     What a tempest in a tea…cup! he will say。 But when we consider
  how small after all the cup of human enjoyment is; how soon overflowed
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  with   tears;   how   easily   drained   to   the   dregs   in   our   quenchless   thirst   for
  infinity; we shall not blame ourselves for making so much of the tea…cup。
  Mankind       has   done    worse。     In    the  worship     of   Bacchus;     we    have
  sacrificed   too   freely;   and   we   have   even   transfigured   the   gory   image   of
  Mars。      Why not consecrate ourselves to the queen of the Camelias; and
  revel in the warm stream          of sympathy that flows from her altar?             In the
  liquid amber within the ivory…porcelain; the initiated may touch the sweet
  reticence of Confucius; the piquancy of Laotse; and the                   ethereal aroma
  of Sakyamuni himself。
  Those who cannot feel the littleness of great things in              themselves are
  apt   to  overlook     the  greatness    of   little  things  in  others。   The     average
  Westerner;   in   his   sleek   complacency;   will   see   in   the   tea   ceremony   but
  another instance of the         thousand and one oddities which constitute the
  quaintness      and childishness of the East to him。            He was wont to regard
  Japan   as   barbarous   while   she   indulged   in   the   gentle   arts   of peace:   he
  calls   her   civilised   since   she   began   to   commit    wholesale   slaughter   on
  Manchurian   battlefields。        Much   comment   has   been   given   lately   to   the
  Code of the Samurai; the Art of Death which makes our soldiers exult in
  self… sacrifice; but scarcely any attention has been drawn to Teaism; which
  represents so much of our Art of Life。             Fain would we remain barbarians;
  if our claim to civilisation were to be based on the gruesome glory of war。
  Fain would we await the time when due respect shall be paid to our art and
  ideals。
  When will the West understand; or try to understand; the East?                     We
  Asiatics are often appalled by the curious web of facts and fancies which
  has been woven concerning us。 We are pictured as living on the perfume
  of   the   lotus;  if  not  on   mice    and   cockroaches。      It   is  either  impotent
  fanaticism   or   else    abject   voluptuousness。       Indian    spirituality   has  been
  derided as ignorance; Chinese sobriety as stupidity; Japanese patriotism as
  the result of fatalism。       It has been said that we are less sensible to pain
  and wounds on account of the            callousness of our nervous organisation!
  Why      not   amuse     yourselves     at  our    expense?      Asia     returns   the
  compliment。        There would be further food for merriment if you were to
  know      all  that  we   have    imagined     and    written    about     you。    All   the
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  glamour of the perspective is there; all the unconscious homage of wonder;
  all   the   silent   resentment   of    the   new   and   undefined。        You   have   been
  loaded   with   virtues   too   refined   to   be   envied;   and   accused   of   crimes   too
  picturesque to be condemned。              Our writers in the pastthe wise men who
  knewinformed   us   that   you   had   bushy   tails   somewhere   hidden   in   your
  garments; and often dined off a fricassee of newborn babes!                      Nay; we had
  something worse against you: we used to think you the most impracticable
  people on the earth; for you were said to preach what you never practiced。
  Such misconceptions are fast vanishing amongst us。                       Commerce has
  forced the European tongues on many an Eastern port。                      Asiatic youths are
  flocking   to   Western   colleges        for   the   equipment   of   modern   education。
  Our   insight   does   not   penetrate   your   culture   deeply;   but   at   least   we   are
  willing   to   learn。    Some   of   my   compatriots   have   adopted   too   much   of
  your   customs   and   too   much   of   your   etiquette;   in   the   delusion   that   the
  acquisition   of   stiff   collars   and   tall   silk   hats   comprised   the   attainment   of
  your   civilisation。      Pathetic   and   deplorable   as such   affectations   are;  they
  evince our willingness to approach the West on our knees。                      Unfortunately
  the   Western   attitude   is   unfavourable   to   the   understanding   of   the   East。
  The     Christian     missionary      goes    to  impart;    but   not   to   receive。     Your
  information is based on the meagre translations of our immense literature;
  if not on the unreliable anecdotes of passing travellers。                    It is rarely that
  the chivalrous pen of a Lafcadio Hearn or that of the author of 〃The Web
  of Indian Life〃 enlivens the Oriental darkness with the torch of our own
  sentiments。
  Perhaps      I  betray   my    own    ignorance      of  the   Tea   Cult   by   being    so
  outspoken。       Its very spirit of politeness exacts that you say what you are
  expected to   say;   and   no   more。       But   I   am  not   to   be   a   polite Teaist。  So
  much harm has been done already by the mutual misunderstanding of the
  New World and the Old; that one need not apologise for contributing his
  tithe to the furtherance of a better understanding。                  The beginning of the
  twentieth   century   would   have   been   spared   the   spectacle   of   sanguinary
  warfare   if   Russia   had   condescended   to   know   Japan   better。           What   dire
  consequences   to   humanity   lie   in   the   contemptuous   ignoring   of   Eastern
  problems!       European   imperialism;   which   does   not   disdain   to   raise   the
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  absurd cry of the Yellow Peril; fails to realise that As